Precis and Composition

Preposition
By: Ghulam Hussain (PMS-2019)

CONNECTING STUDENTS & SERVICES

Definition
 Pre Position
| |
 Before Place

 Noun

 Definition: Before noun – shows relation to other

words of sentence.
Example
 He goes into (Preposition) the office (Noun).

 He goes in (Adverb of place).

 Whenever preposition is used, noun will be used after.

 Gerund – without laughing

 Pronoun – beside me

 Clause – The book is about where the hens laid eggs.

 Phrase – To the lush green fields.

Infinitive Verb
 To (Verb 1st form Infinitive)
 He locked the door to keep everyone out.

 Noun
 Bashir gave Rs. 1000 to Salman to go to store.
Uses
 Location
 In, On, At
 Direction
 In, Into, On, Onto, To, Toward
 Time
 In, on, at, within, by, for, since, during, from, to.
 Verb
 At, for, with, of, about
 Spatial Relation
 Around, Along, Within, Against, Out of, Across,
Through, Above, Before, In-front of, Near, Besides, By,
Between
Location
 Surface (ON)
 Located in the surface
 On the table
 On the floor
 On the chair

 Enclosed Area – covered (IN)

 In a box
 In a room
 In a country
Pictorial Depiction
Location

 Point – specific point or location (AT)

 At the door

 At the railway station

 At the entrance
AT vs IN
 She’s at the library. (Point - location)
 She’s in the library. (Location - building)

 At point
 At the end
 At the crossroad
 At the front desk
Direction
 Movement to the Surface (On/Onto)
 The cat jumped onto the sofa.
 The cat lay on the sofa all afternoon.
 Movement towards closed surface area(In/Into)
 Nadia put the cake into the oven.
 The cake is in the oven.
 He jumped into the water.
 He is swimming in the water.

 Movement to a destination (To/Towards)

 When I saw Jamil, he was walking towards his office.
Destination A – Destination B

 They will drive to Lahore during the week.

Pictorial Depiction
Time
1. Point of time
 In, at, on
2. Extended
 During, by, from, till, within, for, since.
 Point – at
 Night
 Clock time
 Holidays
 Point – On
 Dates
 Particular days – on my birthday.
Time: Point

 Point – In
 Parts of day

 Months

 Season

 Years

 Decades

 Centuries
Time: Extended

 Extended
 During
 Since – particular time (Since 1999) point of time

 For – Amount of time (for 2 hours) period of time

 By – not later than (I reached by 5 O’clock)

Preposition Pyramid
 Time --- In, On, At ---- Location

Centuries, Decades
In Country, City,
General Neighborhood
Years, Weeks, Months
Bigger

On
Days, Weekends More Specific Street, Avenues
Smaller

At
Very Specific
Hours The Smallest Address, Specific
Location
Prepositional Verb and Phrasal Verbs
 To introduce the object of the verb.
 Prepositional Verb (Like verb + preposition)
 Waiting for
 Knock at
 Length at
 Believe in
 Suffering from
 Dependent on noun after them.
 Phrasal Verb
Phrasal Verb

 Take
 Take off

 Take over

 Take down

 Take on

 Take after

 Take out

 Take in
Phrasal Verb
 Put
 Put on

 Put away

 Put down

 Put off

 Put up with

 Put by

 Put through

 Put up
Common Errors

 We read English with him.(not, near him)

 Give me a pen to write with. (not, write)

 Keep the book with you. (not, near you)

 Open the book at page 15. (not, page 15)

 Ram was married to Sita. (not, with)

 Give him a chair to sit on. (not, to sit)

 He is angry with me. (not, upon me)

Common Errors

 Where do you come from? (not, from where)

 He could not come to school on account of

illness. (not, due to)

 I went home. (not, ‘to home’ because in such

sentence, the word ‘home’ is just like an adverbial
word here or there.)
Exercise
1. He is absent ____ school.
2. He was admitted ____ school.
3. This book belongs ____ him.
4. Are you busy ____ your studies?
5. Take care ____ your health.
6. He will comply ____ my request.
7. He has no control ____ his son.
8. The man is eligible ____ the post.
9. They will not be excused ____ coming late.
10. She is familiar ____ my parents.
Exercise
11. He is not fit ____ the job.
12. I am fond ____ sweets.
13. I prefer sweets ____ meat.
14. You can rely ____ him.
15. He is senior ____ me.
16. She is junior ____ him.
17. This is superior ____ that.
18. This is inferior ____ that.
19. He is waiting ____ me.
20. She waited ____ the patient.
Thank you!