Causes of battle of Plassey

The issuance of farman and other trading privilages lead to conflicts between the company and the
nawabs of Bengal

The Nawabs denied the company from minting coins and extending its fortification

After the death of Aurangzeb in 1707, the company refused to granty the company concessions and
demanded huge tributes to grant company rights to trade .

On other hand , the company wanted duty free trade and they claimed that the unjust demands of
the local rulers were running their trade.

The company fortified their William fort without the permissions of nawabs

The English set up their first English factory at kasimbazzar at Bengal and Siraj ud Daulah with 30000
solders marched at the factory, disarmed the English men and arrested the company officials.

They arrested 146 English men and locked them up in a small room and out of that 123 dies of
suffocation.

In 1756 the company wanted the puppet ruler who would grant the company the trading
concessions. Thus they wanted to defeat Siraj ud daulah

The conflicts lead to military confrontation in battle of Plassey in 1757

Causes of battle of buxar

The company thought that Mir Oasim as the Nawab of Bengal would prove to be an ideal puppet for
them but he belied the expectation of the company

Mir Qasim sometimes protested against the company for his subjects

The company misused the dastak and the company officials started using coercive methods to get
goods at cheaper price

The Mir qasim planned to abolish all the duties all together but the british protested against the,m

The nawab and company tussle for the duties and concession led to the battle of buxar.

They combined armies of Bengal nawab(Mir Qasim), Nawab of Awadh(Shuja ud daulah) and Mughal
emperor Shah Alam 2 were defeated by the comabny under major hector munro at buxar in 1764

Consequences

The company got the diwani right in province of Bengal, odisha and bihar.
Not only the nawab of Bengal but the Mughal emperor was also defeated

Nawab of awadh was left only on the mercy of english. District of Allahabad and kara were taken
from him

In 1772, a new system of justice was introduced

In this system, each state was supposed to have2 courts- criminal court(faujdar Adalat)

Civil court(diwani court)

European district collects presided over the criminal courts

Criminal courts were still under the qazi(a judge) and mufti(jurist of muslim community) but were
supervised by the collecter.

Army under the british

The Mughal army mainly composed of Cavalry(sawars) trained solders on horseback and
infantry(paidal sawars) sawars were consider more superior during the Mughal rule

But the british develop a uniform military culture. They were given European style drill and disiplin
training . In 1820, with the change in warfare technology cavalry solders declined in the colonial rule
because guns were invented such as muskets and matchlocks, powerful weapons which were used
by infantry but after the war with marathas and mysore, british realized the importance of cavalry