CHAPTER 2 HISTORY

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Q3 – Define Mercantile.
Ans – Mercantile refer to business enterprise that make profit mainly through trade by
buying goods at cheap price and selling them at higher price.

Q4 – How trade led to battel in Bengal

Ans – The trade in Bengal led to battel because Bengal nawabs Murshid Quli Khan,
Alivardi Khan, Sirajuddulah refused to grant the company concession and demanded
large tributes for company right to trade.

Q6 – State one of the main reasons for defeat of Nawab Sirajuddulah.

Ans – One of the main reasons for defeat of Nawab was that his commanders never
fought the battle.

Q7 – Why battle of Plassey become famous?

Ans – The battle of Plassey become famous as it was the first major victory the
company won in India.

Q8 – What happened to Nawab Mir Qasim?

Ans – When Mir Qasim complained to the company, he was defeated at the battle
fought in Buxar in year 1764 and was thrown out of Bengal. Again, Mir Jafar become
the Nawab of Bengal.

Q10 – Who were called Nabobs?

Ans – Nabobs refer to those officials of East India Company, who acquired grate
fortune in India, who were desire to earn enough in India so that they can go back and
live a comfortable life.

Q12 – Why Rani Channamma is famous?

Ans – When British tried to annex a small state of Kitoor, Rani took to arms and led
an anti –British movement. For this, she was arrested in year 1824 and died in the year
1829 in prison.

Q13 – Explain in brief – Doctrine of Lapse.

Ans –The doctrine states that if any Indian ruler died without a male heir, his kingdom
would lapse and that territory will become part of company’s territory.
Q14 – Who were called Mufti?
Ans – In the Mughal Emperor, Mufti refers to those persons who were a jurist to the
Muslim community. They were responsible for expounding the laws that were
administrated by Qazi.

Q16 – What was the main job of Collector?

Ans – His main job was to collect revenue and taxes, and to maintain in his district
with the help of – judges, Police officers. His office became the new centre of power.

Q1– Explain how royal charter failed to prevent other eastern power form
entering to European market, and what was its consequence.
Ans –
1.The royal charter was failed as other eastern power started emerging. By the time
the first English ship was moving around the world, the Portuguese came into the
western part of India, in Goa.
2. Dutch too were exploring the Indian ocean for trade in seventeenth century and
French traders also arrived in the scene. The problem arose from this was everyone
wanted the same thing, consequence of which led to eliminating rival competitors.
3.The urge to secure market for themselves led to fierce battle between these
companies. In the seventeenth and eighteenth century they regularly sank each other’s
ships, blockaded routes, and prevented rival ships from moving with supplies of
goods.
4.This effort also led to intense conflict with local rulers. It became difficult for
company to separate trade and politics.

Q2) – Write a note on – “East India Company began its first trade in Bengal”.
Ans – The East India Company established its first English factory on the banks of
river Hugli in year 1651. This was the base from where company traders operate all
their work.
2. The factory also had the warehouse where all the goods were stored. As trade
expended, the company suggested the traders and merchants to come and settle near
the factory. Two years later the company officials started bribing Mughal officials into
giving three villages zamindari right.
3.One of these was Kalikata, now knows as Kolkata. The company tried continuously
to press for more concession and manipulates existing privileges.

Q3) – Write a short note on Britishers war with Marathas.

Ans – In the late 18th Century, company destroyed Marathas power. The Marathas
dream of ruling Delhi was shattered in the third battle of Panipat in Year 1761.
2. In the first war in year 1782 with treaty of Salbai. Then the second Anglo-Maratha
war which resulted with British gaining Orrisa and territories in the north of Yamuna
River, including Agra and Delhi, and finally the third Anglo-Maratha war which
crushed the Marathas power and the Peshwas were removed and sent to Bithur with
Pensions.
3. After this series of war and defeat of Marathas the company had the complete
control over the territories in south of Vindhyas.
Q4) – Describe the new justice system established in the year 1772.
Ans – In year 1772, a new system for justice was established in which each district
was to have two courts namely faujdari adalat (criminal court) and diwani adalat (civil
court).
2. In the civil courts, Maulvis and Pandits interpreted Indian laws for the European
district collectors.
3.The criminal courts were still under the qazi and mufti but under the supervision of
collector.
3.Soon the problem arose because Brahman pandits give interpretation different from
the Maulvis, their interpretation was based on the different schools of dharmashastra.