Itrcnoar-rrr4r{Frala rpo6unqa

rpir Cr.inucrpa
The Late Roman Tomb
near Silistra.
Le tombeau antique
de Silistra
Das spritantike Grabrnal
bei Silistra
 AI4MI4T'bP n. AIAMUTPOB MAPHfl qWTIIATTOBA

I,IIIHaiIA

@ it, fl. lunrHrpoe. N{apun t{uuuxoea, 1986 co@r4fl 1986

c/o .i usautor, Sof ir
I,1 SAATEIICTBO,, B'bJI|APC Hi4 xyAoH{HHFt"
 .a'.... l

e _ *o"
-e
*
-+ ..s
'Sf:

_r rjff

a-::
I OSuq uae.rcd om a'am-
prLuHlcmma no zpoSnu'
4ama L 4tHmpa.lHama
c4eHa na 3unadHanra
t:rnena, epedopedo, .tnuc-
tlru u 'tacm. atn cBoda
(nu rtd n)[Kaml. )
Veo4

i,

Krcsara aFrrHrIFrocr e npexoAna eno- uKoHoMI4 LreCI(OTO pa3BUTI4e) TAr<A V B

Xa, B KOflTO Ce Ii3BT,'ptXBaT lOr'IeN{Li npO- cQepara Ha r43KvcrBoro u K],TTIpara.

NIeHII B K)/r'ITypaTa LIa ApeBFIUfl CpeALr- 3a flcrop14 flTa Ha r43KycrBcro Kr',c-
3eMHoMopcKI4 cBffT. Enoxa, B Haqa/.Io- HaTa aHTT4qFIOCT e xyACr(eCTBeHa eno-
TO Ha KOflTO Ce 3apa)KAaT e/rIeMeHTr4Te xa cr,c cBor4 xapaKTepHZ 6e,resz
Ha crpori v B Kpafl Ha
Qeo4a,'rHran IIOCTCIICHHO CKbCBAHE C K,lACI4qCCKI4ff
KoflTo u3racBar noc,'IeAHLire or6nq- npr4Hrlrln 3a BepHocrra Ha xyAo>KecTBe-
cr,uz Ha poSoe,ra4e trcKara KoHoNr14 -
14 Lrara Qoprra crrpffr{o npupoAHrzfl nbp-
Ka n Ha aHTuqHaTa K)"tTypa u u3- eoo6pas u noA'-repraHo lbpceHe Ha cr4rT-
KycrBo. 3a rpauuqure Ha ra3n erroxa Hu AyneBHu u3pa3lru Qopun, Koero
ce cropl4, ea Hel)iuara cr,ulHocr Bce AoBex<Aa or rrTrpBHLrFrara H peanHa Qop-
ou(e HffxIa eAHHoNIuc/'Iue e uayNara.l \{a Ao yc"roBHocr u a6crpaNuun. Ktc-
llo orHoueHue Ha 143KycrBoro Kpaflr HaTa aHTLrrrHocT Ire e eroxa Ha Li3pax{-
Ha Ta3Il enoxa ce cBbp3Ba oT HqKoh Aaulo ce u3KycTeo. Trr ulra ceoii cTr4.rr,
u3c,'IeAoBaTerTI4 C Kpafl Ha 3ana4uara cBofl ecTeTUr(a, oTfoBapfltlla rra rIoBaTa
priN{cKa n\4rrepr4fl (476 r.) il,'ru c Bpe- uAeo,'roluq LIa HoBaTa tocrrOACTBailIa
x4ero Ha lOcrrzHraau (6. eex). Haqa- Knaca.2
loro r.i o6aqe e oule no-TpyAr-ro Aa ce fIp, u3yqaBaHero lra n3KycrBoro Ha
ycraHoBIl. HqNou coqar 3a Har{aiTo Bpe- Krcuara aHTrrrllrocr He e Aocrar:L,qHo
\rero Ha f,reox,reruau (284 r.). Apyru Aa ce B3eN'raT npeABrzA ca\{o ABaTa cbc-
Br4>KAar e Mu,raucKrfl eAVKr or 313 r. TaBHII e,'IeNreHTa Ha U3KyCTBOTO Ha pI4M-
Harla/'IoTo Ha HoBaTa enoxa, KoflTo cB6p- cKaTa enoxa fpt,uKr4fT i4 pr4N{cK'[1t1T.
3Bar c rpuyuQa Ha xpucrr4aHCTBoro. He no-nra,rra
- po,'rff ufpae eAZH Tperl4
Hanocne4'bK FIaiIAe!'IflBa NTHeHI{ero, cro- e"TeMeHT MecTHIlflT) HapOAHOCTHLIIT
peA KoeTo B Ta3kr enoxa, npocTHpaqa B plzr\,{cKlrre npoBZHirlui. Tosn e,'reMeHT
ce B xpoHod'rorl]lrecKuTe paxrKll Ha noq- HOCr{ TpaAr.rur4 r4re Ha noKopeHr.ITe oT
TIr rpu BeKa, rpn6ea Aa ce pa3rpaHu- puNr,rqHr4Te HapoA14. florncuar 3a ug-
LIaT ABa neplloAa: KbcHoaHTIIqeH, o6- BecTHO BpeMe OT Ky,rlTypara Ha 3aBoeBa-
xeaulaul 4. BeK, Lt paHHoBn3auryrricxu Te,'rfl, rofi l4s6nuKBa B AaAeH 6,raronpun-
or 5. Halra"'roro sa 7. BeK. Bce-
-KI4 or rqxaonpr.rrex{aBa cnequ$u.rHlr Lr€p- TCH MOMCHT ]4 3A,'IZBA C BdTI,IflHHCTO CH
ueHTpoBeTe Ha KIaCHLIeCKOTO II3KyCTBO
TIr KaK'ro e o6nacrra Ha o6qecreeuo-
- frpuun u tr4ranus" Ero 3auro Ha-
tloC.t'IQ{lbK Ky,rIT}'paTa Li u3KyCrBoTo Ha
pHNrcKuTe npoB14HulrH, Ky,'rTypaTa u rr3-
KycrBoro Ha HapoAHre ilo flepuoepuqra
Ha aHTIITIHUfl CBflT I.I3BHKBaT BCeO6U il
>KrlB HHTepeC. lor'rfl\,rO 3HaqeFr14e npuAo-
6uear 14 Ila\,{erHLIuHTe Ha nflKota[rr]n-
re pHNrcKn npoBr4Hr{r.in Musuq lr TpaxnR,
o6xnaularqu rorfl\,1a qacr or r,Herurrure
6rr.rrapcNu 3ei\[I, ou{e noBerle, Lte re3}I
o6"racru ,Tex{ar Ha Kp'L,cronbr Nre>KAV
l,lsrox u 3ana4, \reN{Ay Ceeep rz IOr.
Mex4y rqx oco6eHo BHr.r\,raHue 3acry-
>KaBa K6cnoaHruqHara rpo6unua rtprJ
Cn.nucrpa, quIITO crellonficr.r ca Il3K,'Irc-
qIITC]IHO BA)KEII 143BOP 3A IJ3VLIABAHC IIC
caNro Ha K)/d'rTypaTa n Il3KycTBoTC) Ha
rrpoBltHunn {onHa Mu3?rR, Ho u Ha us-
KvcrBoro npee I(tcH ara aHTr4qHocr B:b-
o6ue.
flopa4u roea rpo6Hurlara npr.rB,'reqe BHLi-
rraHlleTo Ha r,{Hoto apxeo"rr03LI ll Il3c!'Ie-
.]OBATCJIU HA AHTULIHOTO I]3KVCTBO Y
H ac n B .ry>x6nua H Beqe orAaBlla e
rl3tsecrrra B HavrtFrara "rrureparypa. lly-
e,.-rrrxl BaHa e eXHa lrouorpaSua, orrre-
r{aTalrH ca rlHKo/TKO CTyAllI.I, peAUUa
crarrrrr u ct,o6ureHlrq. )(reonlrcuara
feKopauun ua rpo6Huuara e HaN{epLr,Ta
\tflcro H B HflKou no-c6u1r,r HayqHn rpy-
,l0Be l1 eHutlKJroIIeAur.i B:bpxy ticTopHq-
Ta IIa aHTIlqHaTa X{HBOnUC, U3nOJ'I3Ba Ce
Il Karo cpaBHuTereH nlaTepua,rr B ny-
6.rltxatluure Ha rrar'rerHHulr Ha x<uBo-
nrrcra, I]poll3xo]KAaullr oT utanun H
n p oBH HIIurrre.
Hacxopo cd'reA orKp14BaHero Ha rpo6-
Huuara ce norBflBa tr'bpBoro cro6ule-
Hrre B'bB B. 3opa,3 Ha[paBeHo or tr4e.
Be.rxoe, ro roBa Bperre AupeKrop Ha
ApreonorHrJecKr.rfl r'ryseri e CoQu n. tr4s-
raAeua e cbulo a 6poLuypata ,,Puucxara
rpo6Hnua e fp. Cunucrpa" or r'IecrHUq
)rHr.rre;r no ucropfit HoeaN flerpoe.r
flrpeara ceplro3Ha HayqHa ny6nltNaqutl
8
o6aqe npeAcraBr'IflBa crarlrflTa Lra vra-
Jrr4aHcKufl apxeod'Ior AHrosuo Opona
,,Put{cxara )KuBorrLrc B eAHa rpo6uuqa
n CHrucrpa" B cr" ilponererl or 1942-
19435 u usJrflslrara e Pfix,l HacKopo c"teA
ToBa HetoBa KHHra ,,Pittura romana
in Bulgaria".'j Opoea npaBtr no4po6-
HO OnucaHue Ha cTeHonr4cure, npuApy-
)KeHo or 30 uepuo-6e"rr4rr r{BerHu ta6-
,ruqu. llpusHaea, qe e rpyAFro Aa ce
npeue3upa BpeNleTo Ha r43fpa)KAaHeTo
ua rpo6nzr{ara u Karo BepotrrHa 1ara
[ocoqBa o6u1o 4. BeK" Cle4 AecerHHa
roAuHH @poea orFtoBo ce Bp:bru,a Kr,\,'t
TeMaTa 3a cHiTHCTpeHCKnTe CTeHOIIHCH,
Karo ny6"nuxyea cryArzflTa ,,Peinture
romaine en Bulgarie".7 Ble ocHoBa
IIa aHa,rlotHll U CTL],'IOBI{g aHaJIH3
Opoea ce 143Ka3Ba no-onpeAeJ'reHo 3a
Aarr4poBKara or rrarlaJ'roro Ha 4. BeK.
Opoea orAe,'ra x,lflcro 3a Cu.,rucrpeu-
cKara rpo6Huua v B cBofl o6o6u1aeau1
rpyA .,L'arte di Roma e del mondo
romano".S d. lI. {nnrnrpoB c'buo no-
cBeulaBa HflKO,TIKO CBOII Il3C"'IeIBaHLIfl Ha
CulucrpeHcKara rpo6uuqa.,,CreHoru-
ctrre na KbcrroaHTulrHara rpo6Huua npu
Cltnucrpa" B cr. AprHrexr)-pa,e ,,Cri.l,T
u AaTa Ha cTeHonucuTe oT K'bcHoaHTLlrI-
Hara rpo6uuua npu Cu,rHcrpa" e cn.
Apxeo"rorr.rr,10 ,,Le pitture murale del
sepolcro romano di Silistra", Arte An-
tica e Moderna 1960,11 ,,L€ systeme
decoratif et la date des peintures mu-
rales du tombeau antique de Silistra",
Cahiers arch6ologiques.lz B n'bpBara
cu ny6"nuKar,tur, Karo ce ocHoBaBa Ha
crll'roBure oco6euocru Ha noprpera LI
TperlipoBKara Ha c'bnpy)Kecr(ara 4nori-
xa, !,tnrurpoB orHacfl creuolrncure KT,l{
Haqa/.toro na 4, BeK. U{are.nui.inr ala-
,qfi3 Ha KONIIIO3IIUUOIIHaTa CXe\la n Ha
e,netleHTuTe Ha x{IlBoTltIcTa }1y [ar}aT
ocFroBaHnfl Aa IIpeAf'IOlKli B rlo-Kt,cfluTe
CII ny6i'IliKaI\1414 eAHa IIO-KT,CFIa AaTa 3a
rpo6Hlirlara loc,'reAHr.rre ABe AecerI4-
-
"'IeTUf Ha 4. BeK.
Or 1950 r. HacaM )Kr4BorrucHara yKpa-
ca Ha fpo6HuuaTa ce BKd'rnqBa B peAr.Iua
o6qz c'bqr4HeHlrq B6pxy aHrvqHoro rz3-
KycrBo H x<nBonHc. Bczqxu aBTopr4 ca
eAI4 HOAyruFrri OTHOCHO BHCOKaTa XyAOlKe-
CTBCHA CTOI?HOCT HA CTCHOI]I{CI]TC I{ BA)K-
HOTO MflCTO, KOeTO 3aeMar B pa3BI4TI{e-
TO HA KbCHOAHTIIqHATA >KIIBOIII4C.
Pasnurtug-, c:bulecrByBar r/TaBHo no or-
HOUeHrre AaTHpOBKaTa Ha IIaMeTH14Ka.
,rlHncea eArzHo\{zcnue H npr.r o6flcHeHrze-
To rra HflKor4 4erari,rH or nso6pa)KeHrrfl-
ra Ha Qrzrypnre u arpv6yu.rre, KaKro r.i
np14 TT,!'rKyBaHe ceMaHTnKaTa Ha AeKopa-
t\-trflTa. floqrn Bcr4qKr.r nprzeMar 3a l\ara
Ha cb3AaBaHero u 4. eex. R. Bianchi-
Bandinelli e,,Hellenistic Byzanti-
-
ne Miniatures of the Iliad (llias Am-
brosiana)" rpv en'ra onpeAe,'reHo, r{e cre-
Horrr4crrre or Cz,rHcrpa ca or cpeAara
Ha 4. eeN H ca npelr4 376-378 ro4zHa.13
Crulo n M. Borda, ,,La pittura Roma-
na", BMecrI4 creFrolrucure B peAI4 uara Ha
Irar{erHr.il(Lr or erroxara Ha I(oHcrauruu,
Karo ce rro3oBaBa ua oco6esocrlaTe Ha
AeKOpaTHBHaTa Cr.rCTeMa I4 npeAr4 BCaq-
KO KaTO CI,IIOCTaBf AeKOpaqZflTa Ha
cBoAa ua rpo6unrrara c ra3r.r or cBola
ua Santa Costanza e Pr.rl,r (326-329).r4
Hari-paHo e Aarr4 paHa CunucrpeHcKara
rpo6nuqa or A. tly6oea B KHr.rrara
,,AHTI4uHafl x<uBonIzcb". 15 Creuonncvre
ca cB:bp3aHrz c llogaiiNzre or Piazza
Armerina z ca orHeceHr4 KbM nocJreA-
Hara qerBbpr Ha 3. BeK. BeponrHo
aBTopKara ce e clo6pa3nJra14 c MHeHrze-
To ua M. I{aneHNo, ,,llrMfrHnKr4 aH-
Tlzr{Horo HcKyccrBa n Bo"rrapnr4", Koir.-
TO npl4eMa eAHH no-A'br'r6t nepuoA 3a
creHorrucr4Te 3.- 4. BeK.16
-
CreHonzczre Ha Cre,rncrpeHcKara rpo6-
Hr.rqa ca orpa3eHrr c reKcr r4 c xy6auu
li"lIOCTpaIIkIkl U B FIflKO,'IKO MHOIO BalK-
HV, o6n1u ct,tIIIHeHI4fl IIo LrcropLrfl Ha
KbcHoaHTHqHOTO 14 3KyCTBO, qUI4TO aB-
Top14 ca sati-ro,reunre cileuuad'II4crI4 B
rasu o6nacr. Toea e, Ha nbpBo Mffcro,
rpyAr,r Ha A. Grabar, ,,Le premier art
chr6tien",17 ua B. Andreae y Th. I(raus,
,,Das romische Weltreich", Noriro BK,/rroq-
Ba rpo6unrlara Kbx{ Karad'rora noA
J\lb 149.18 TyN 3a n:bpBu n:br cBLIr:bKbr,
HoceH or rocnoAapq Ha rpo6uzqara, e
onpeAe,'reH Karo 6paueH AoroBop. 3a
Aara ce npr4eMa o6rqo 4. eeN. R. Bian-
chi-Bandinelli, ,,Qome. La fin de 1'art
antique", npr4eMa Aarr,rpoBKata ua f,u-
MLirpoB BTopara nor'roBllHa ua 4. eex,
-
Karo Bz)KAa 868 Qzrypzre v yKpacara
Ha cBoAa sa CznvcrpeHcKara rpo6uuqa
no-cz,'IHo Bi'II4flHUe Ha 3anaAHIZ MOAe,'II4
z uaricropn, orKor'rKoro Bpb3Kr.I c VIe-
roKa.le R. F. Hoddinott, ,,Bulgaria
in Antiquity", pasr/'re)KAakt<vt Lrcrop14 -
qecKoTo v Kyr'rTypHoTo pa3BHTr4e Ha
aHTr.ir{Hr4Te rpaAoBe n Er,rrrapzn npld
Durostorum (Cz"rvcrpa), ce cnupa Ha
Cn"rucrpeHcKara rpo6uzqa Karo Hafi-
npeAcTaBHTe,TeH IIaMeTHIiK Ha KbCHO-
aHTrrqHoro r.i3KycrBo or 4. eex.20 Creso-
III4CI{Te Ca U3IIO/'I3BaH14 KaTO napaJ'Ie/'In
n B Apyru qy>KAH vsraHtfl.21 Vnol,re-
HaTI4 Ca 14 B HflKO,'IKO eHIILIKilOnell'tLI.zz
Cz,rucrpeHcKara rpo6Hreqa e BK,rrFoqeHa
II B HsKo,rNo 6l,nrapcKr4 TpyAa, KoLITo
Tperr4par r4cropr4qecNrz npo6neMa 14 no-
o6u1z Bbnpoclr or xyAo)KecrBeHoro Ha-
c/reAcrBo n 6tnrapcKuTe geu:n HJrv ca
rrocBeTeHr{ KoHKpeTHo Ha KbcHoaHTLIq-
uure rpo6Hr.irrr4 rr rflxHara AeKoparlr4q,
orKpHTH p Er,rrapvrfl .23
'q
M. I{oHueea,,,Xy4ox<ecrBer{oro Hac/TeA-
crBo Ha rpaNzrlcxl4Te 3eMLI", Karo aHa-
d'rll3lipa crnJra Ha cTeHoIIt4cHTe, IIOCOqBa
cxoAHII I{OMeHTLI B CTeHOnLiCHaTa yKpa-
I
ca Ha KaraKoN{6r or PI4x{, Koero u gasa
ocHoBaHI4e Aa orHece Cu"rzcrpeHcKara
rpo6uuua K:bM KoucrasrLiHoBara eIIo-
xa.'-
B a,r6ylra,,ApxuterrypHoe Hac/TeACTBo
Eo,'Ilapu14", ct'craBeH noA peAaKr\uflTa
Ha apx. C. Cranroe, noA ive 15 e npeA-
craBeHa K:bcHoaHTHqHara rpo6uuqa npu
Cznucrpa.'u B tpyoa ua A" Oeuapoe
M. Bax,ruHoBa,,,PaHHotsI4saHrI4rZcxn na-
- noBa 3aA6.ri6oqeHo rpernpa npo6neilrlare
rrerHrJrrr4 or Eurapnn IV-VI I B." ,
Cu,rucrpeFrcKara rpo6nzqa 3aeN{a IIo-
4o6anau1o r,rrcro c KparKa, Ho ctAt,p-
)Kare"THa xapaKTepI4cTI{Ka kr c NrHolo
u"rrrocrpaur4v.'u B ,,Vlcropvn Ha Etnra-
prfl.", T. I, ctulo e iloAqepraHo u3K,TIo-
qIITe/'THOTO XyAO)KeCTBeHO-I4CTOpZqeCKO
3HaqeHue Ha ralrerHI4 xa. 2? B ABe
crarvu c o6sopeu xapaKrep Bbpxy cra-
poxpucruqHcKure rpo6uzuu or Bt,"rra-
- Il,.ira cTapoxpucTrrff
pr4n Oeuapoe, ,,AprureNrypa
AeKOpaqHfl HcKUre rpo-
6suqn B Ha[rrlTe 3eMn"28 v ua J. Ve-
1eva, ,,Sur certaines particularit6s des
hypoge6s pal6ochr6tiens des terres thra-
ces et leurs analogues en Asie
Mineure"2e aBTopI4Te 3acflrar B:r,-
npoca 3a - KoHqenrluf
AeKoparr.iBHaTa
Ha x{uBoIlr{cra I4 nefiuara cen{aHTI4Ka.
Vtr IsaMara aBTopri rpr4ex4ar, ue rpoS-
Hur{ara e esr4qecKa. B r-relZuara AeKopa-
paunq ca ce sarra3r4Jrr4 MoTHBrr oT apxx-
TeKTypH14 fl CT14 JI IIa eTITHHCTIT-qecKaTa
eiloxa II e B:bIIi{breHa LiAeqra ga ge6ec-
HL1fl paft H 3eNIHoro )KII,'IHUIe. IO.
B'sneea iloAA'bpx<a AarlipaHero ua rpo6-
HI4qaTa OT nT,pBaTa IOTTIOBI'IHa Ha 4.
BeK, ocHoBarrlre 3a Koero it gaea HoBo-
orKpnrara rpo6uuqa Ha Eecroprari B
Conyu v cpaBHI4Te,THLiflT Mareplla,rl or
raraNol,r6ure Ha Tpasou r Ha f,Iertp iz
Mapue"rItH e Plant.
Ha rpo6uzrrara e IIocBereH Hetoi'IeMI4 flT
a,rdyu ua CreQxa AHre"'Ioea,,Cz,rHctpeu-
10
cKara rpo6ur4qa", n3AaAeH or Oi4M-
Cu,rucrpa npe3 1976 r.30 fpo6Huqara
e BKd'IloqeHa v B HayqHoilony,'IffpHI4q
oqepK Ha Chr. Danov v T. ivanov,
,,Antike Grabmdler in Bu1garien".31
Bre eprsKa c v31aBaHero Ha Kopnyc
HA NAMCTHI]I].HTC HA AHTI]I]HATA }KIlBO-
nHC e Btnrapun or tr4ncriaryra ro
r43KycrBo3HaHIre npu EAH BaHtI no-
oKo,'ro )KLIBorr14 cI{ara yKpaca Ha Cv-
J'rucrpeHcKara rpo6uaI1a AeKoparI4B-
-
Ha cncreNra Ir KoMnogIrIIHfl, nxonorpaQ-
cNIr ocodeHocrlz, crr4Jr Lr xpouo,roruR. s
AnropNara cBbp3Ba AeKopar{nrrra Ha
rpo6Hrzqara c6c crLrra Ha Koscrasru-
FIOBaTa eilOXa, c KoeTo ce npuc:be(VHtr-
Ba K6N{ rrpLlBT'px<eHZLIZTe Ha nO-paHHa-
Ta Aarr4poBKa Ha rpo6unqara, Karo
AOnycKa 14 B'b3MoMHocTTa IIaN{eTHI{KbT
La npnHaA,'re>Krr Ha TpeTaTa qeTBbpr Ha
14
4. BeK. B r43d're3,'rr.rfl HacKopo rpyA Ha
L. Schneider, ,,Die Domdne als \I/elt-
bi1d. Wirkungstrukturen der spdtan-
tiken Bildersprache", ce vrrrenperupa
IIO HOBOX{y Cl'{UC:t,,T:bT Ha AeKOpaTIIBHaTa
CXCNIA I]A CTEHOTIHCIZTC B Ii'IABHHfl
Qp"s.tt Kuulara, ilocBereHa Ha orHo-
iueHUero N{e}KAy u3KycrBoro H o6uqe-
crBoro npe3 Ktcsara aHTI4 qHocr, ce
c'bcToII OT ABe LIaCTH H Hf KO/TKO l,TaBIl,
B KOIITO Ce allad'In3upaT OTAe,'IHII ilaN{eT-
Hlrrru u xyAo>KecrBeFIIa KoMIIiIeKcz. Cne-
\traJrHa l,'IaBa ,,locno4apu u c"IyfII B
uepeMoHr4fl Ha npr4cd'Iy)KBaHe: fpo6r'ru-
uara B CIr,rracrpa" e or4e,TeHa Ba cr4Jrr4-
crpeHcKure creHorII4cz. Aerop:br rt,/'IKV-
Ba KaTO I43K/TIOTIIITeIHO IIepeNlOHlia,'IeH
r4"'il4 puTya,TeH
xapaKTepa Ha npoi{ecHfl-
Ta OT npIlCd'IylKHUUIl, OTIIpaBeHI4 K'bh{
rocnoAapcxara 4noIiKa B ueHTtpa. Ees
Aa KO\'{eHTIIpa XpOFIOJ'IOllIflTa Ha naNIeT-
IlHKa, aBTOpT,T IIpueN{a I\aTaTA Ila A, fI.
!,rzivrurpoe nocdTeAHara qerBbpr ua 4.e.
-
 7'l

'.J ..,
2. Ilsmctqnama cmeHa c
exo1a ua zpo6uutlama
14 saie) ome'6 n

3. 3auqumnama cepala
8'2, pxa epo6nu4ama
 AypocropyM aHrl4qHara
Cvtnwcrpa
OmrpuBal{e v ycrpoftcreo Ha
rpo6nI4u,a'fa
flypocropyrr BepoqrHo e 6nn rpaxuri-
CKO Ce"'II4lIIe, 3aB,'IaAflHO OT pI4N{rrIqHLITe
B uaqa,'roro Ha 1. BeK. Tori 6rpso ce
H3Ar]tllaJT KaTO BalKeH BOeHeH nyHKT
Ha do,rHo4yuaBcKr4fl p14 A,rcKI4 ,rIIrN{ec,
oco6euo cJreA Karo B Haqar'roro Ha 2"
BeK, B:bB Bp:b3Ka c 4aKuricxure eorirrri
Ha TpaaH, TyK 6unuacraueu XI K,'rae-
AueB ,'reruoH; {ypocropy\,r ocraBa He-
IOB IIOCTOflHeIL'ialep npe3 ql,rara AH-
rurrHocr" flprz rarepa Ha J'rernoHa cb-
uIecTByBa"TIIJ ABe LlI4B14 /rIHI] Ce/'InIIla
xaua6u H BriKVc. I(aua6ure 6rpso ce
pa3pacHa/'rr4 14 npr.r Aurour.rH flur? ee-
qe Hocer14 rroqerHoTo np03Br.iue Aeliae,
a B Kpafl sa2. unu Harl. Ha 3. eeN 6unu
BT,3Ar4rHaTri B rpaA C paHf Ha A{yHHUr4-
nuyr{, xotiro ganoqHa,'I Aa ce Hapaqa
Myn v uH nnvrir Ay p e,'r hyn{ f ypocrop yN{. 31
!,opycropynr uMa,{ uafi-6naronpzqrHH
yc,ToBlifl Ia ce pa3Br4e Karo eALIH OT
Hatl-aHaqlire,'rHI4Te rpaAcKH rreHTpoBe r.r
cTpaTefl4qecKli nyHKToBe Ha AO,TTHOAV-
HaBCKIiq /TIIX{eC,
Or Cu,rucrpa rr uefiuara oKoiTr{ocr npo-
r3JIUSaT IIHOIO naN{eTHUIIU, KOI4TO XBt,p-
nqr o6u,'Iua cBer"'rlzHa Bbpxy Ky,'ITypara
14 H3KyCTBOTO Ha aHTnLIHLlf. fpaA, B'bp-
xy HeroBoro ricropuqecKo pa3Br.rTne r4
aAN,rriHHcrparnBHo ycrporicreo.s5 MHo-
ro6poriHare HaArpo6uu u o6pouHu pe-
neQu, craryrz, capNo$asu noxasear 6o-
rarara u pasHoo6pa3Ha npoAyKrIr4r Ha
MecrHHTe cKyr'InrypH14 arerTLlera. 3a
TT,pfoBcKr4Te Bpb3KH Ha fpaAa rr pa3-
BnTIieTO Ha 3aHaflTIlTe tOBOpflT KO"'IeK-
uuI4Te or r,'ruHeHH JIar,rrI{, 6pousoeu
cbAoBe 14 ailJIUIKAUrltI, OpbAUfl Ha Tpy-
Aa u op:b>Kr.iq. llo fynan u Llepuo N{ope,
KaKTo u ro cyxo3eMHrl n:brrlilra Ay-
pocTopyl,r e noAA'bp]Ka,'r IocToflHHI4 KoH-
TaKTu, OT eAHa CTpaIla, Cibc SanaAHIlTe
o6nacrn ua Zuneprflra, a or Apyfa, c
ZsroqrrocpeAr43eMHoNropcKI4fl 6acerlu. B
fpaAa e 3aCBXAeTer'ICTBaHO nOqI4TaHeTO
KAKTO HA NICCTH}1 KVJITOBC, HA NbPBO
N'{qcro, Ha Tpar<ziicxHn KoHHITK Tr Ha
oQuuua,ruu pI4McKH Ky/'IToBe, TaKa 14
Ha u3ToqHure KVJrroBe KINI Heno6e4tt-
nun Murpa u K:br{ IOnurep !,o,rHxeH,
rloqlrraHU rJTaBHo or eofiFIIauHTe Ha JIe-
ruoHa. C,'re4 aAMIrHUcrp arItBHara pe$op-
Nia Ha Arzox,rerIzaH !,opycropyu cra-
Ba eAr4H oT rr'raBHvre fpaAoBe Ha npo-
BrzHr{r4q fl,o,rHa uJrkr Bropa Mueaq B
.qnou,e3a TpaNzn.36 flpes 3. n oco6eHo
npes 4. BeK rpaAbr u parioHbr oKo,'Io
Hero 6unu. cepli03Ho 3acrpaueHI4 or
Haxv'ryBaulrzre or ceBep loTcKI4 Ir Apyfli
BapBapcKli nd'IeMeHa. B 364-366 r.
BecTroTcKuTe oTpeAIi, KoIiTo NIIZHaJII4
f,yuana, 6unv pas6utu, nreHeHIl 11
rrpoAaAerrld Karo po6n e xpaii4yuae-
cKare rpaAoBe. B noc,re4BaJrara I for-
cKa eofiFIa (366-369) uuneParoP
Ba,reHr npeKapBa 4 ro4uult e CNzruq
t4 npe6Heaea e Lypocropyl{, TouH,
Zcrpoc Ie Ap. B 376 r. 3anoqBa eAuH or
naii-rexxzre flepnoAI4 3a 3ex{I'ITe Ha
rcr or !.yrrae. Becrrorure noucKad'IIl
y6exuule 14 xIuHa,'IZ peKara 6nuso
Ao f,ypocropyrt. flo4"roxeuu o6aqe
Ha rex{Ka eKCn"rIoaTauufl oT aAN{14 HI'I-
cTpaTI4BHl4Te B,'Iacru, Te, 3aeAHo c Mecr-
HOTO eKCIL'IOaTI4 paHO HaCe,'IeHI'ie, BLV-
rar BbcraHIIe, otrycrotrraBar o6urHpHH
13
 fr=ffi0

olJlacru u iraHacflT c6KpyurureJ'IeH yAap {uoxneruarr h fa,repuu. Me>N4y rflx

IIA AIiTl4T]IIATA I]O",TI]TULIECKA H I]KOHONII]-uali-useecrFru ca eoriHuuure or XI K.,rae-
rrecKa cLrcreIra Ha 6a,lxascxnre ilpo- Ar.ieB ,rreruoH cB. fazufi, qnr4To
Bnrruuil" Ct6urnna or 376--378 r. ca lrorqu 6nnv [peHeceHu npes 6. BeK B
ro;1po6no onflcaHu or Ar'rnas .,\iapue- KareApa.rrara Ha Auxoua, u cB. K)nufi"
.rrlrFr, xoriro c:ooduraea sa rpa6exlire lI llo eperrero Ha r.iN{neparop IO,rnaH Cr-
3a fo"qe\II4Te oilycroueH14fl , cIIo.rlere,'Il1 crbIIHI4K, Noriro ce OIIHTa,'I Aa B63cra-
o6nacrra. Crr"nac or re3r4 c's6urun HoBrr e3rrqecrBoro, npe3 362 r. 6nn
ca c"rieAure or paspymeHufl u onox{apf- )KUB li3lopeH ll:L,r{eHI4Nlr Eltu,ruaH. {y-
BAHr4fl) KOT4TO Ce OTKpUBaT rp]j apxeo- pocropvl'r ce c"[aBI4 H KaTO pOATIO MqC-
"noruqecKlire npoyqB arJrltr ua xpar?rpa4- To Ha Aeqnfi, cnacHTe"IIfl
Ha 3ana4-
cKure BilIru ua 6orarzre rpaxnaHlr Ha HaTa pLi\'rcKa 11\tilep14fl or xyHI4Te.
.4ypocropyrr. lauuHre or Ill4c\'reHnre cBeAeHLifl H c,rIV-
flpes 5. eex rpaA:br nocrpaAa,T or xy- qafiuo orKpIITI4Te apxeo,'IotI4qecKIl na-
rrnre. Oro"ro cpeAara na 6. BeK, npu NrerHrJuu 3a ncTopzqecKoTo II KylTyp-
rrhrneparop FOcrunuau yKpen.[eHuffTa Ho pa3Burue Ha {ypocrpopyu 6qxa
rr.v 6u,ru BT,BCTaHoBeIrI4, a npe3 586 r. CbU{€CTBeHO AOll'b,rIHeHIl OT pe3yd'ITaTI4Te
5u.r npee3er or aBapure. fipes Kscna- Ha apxeo"rroluqecKl{Te pa3KonKI4, 32-
Ta aHTurrHocr .{ypocropyxl urpae,T Ba>K- roqna,'Iu e Cu"rHcrpa npe3 noc"IIeAHI{Te
lra po"[a B HcTopHflTa FIa paHHoTo xpn- ABe xeceruJrernfi " tr4HreHgzeuure re-
crilflHCTBO B CeBepoLISTOr{Hara Llacr Ha peHHn npoYrlBaH[tr Ha TepliropuqTa Ha
Ea.nxaHcxuq ilo"TyocrpoB. Or 4, BeK flrpocropvrr npeA.rrarar LleHHu AaHIIH
rofi e c-eAa"rruure I{a enI4cKoII. C rpa,1a sa ronorpaQLrtira, SopruQuNauuflra n
ce cBbp3BaT ll\IeHara v Ha HflKoJKo xpH- apxrrreKrypara Ha aHrIIqHufl tpaA,3t
cTufr{cKu xl:b!eFIIlul4 oT RpexreTo Ha Ioxa.unsnpau 6e BoeHHIrflr "'Iarep n 6e

14
4. llLtan na zpo6nutlamtt 6143moquomo ,1U4e HA 7. Ceeepnomo tuqe Ha B Pase'6uama cxeila Hu
5. 3ana)nomn nu4e Ha epo6nu4ama zpo6nuqama cmeHHama Aexopa4ut
epo6n.u4ama

i::.
rr: " " ..._ :.:
!;:i

:i
i::.i ii
i.:
i.'.':" "- - ::.i
J.,.,....,.,.. ..,.........,,,...,.....-..........:.: :
 9. Hanpe,Lett p03qe3 Hct

ep06rLu4ama. Hse.teA om
u3mjqHamu cmp1Ha

10. Ha)arxeH Pa3Pn Ha

epoduutqama. Ilsercd om
toJ{Hama cmpaHa

m"

ll.14se,re} oil cEoAa

!ilpe){,oma om KACCtT[u
pa3KpaTa qacr or uaH-paHHa'ra riy ap-
xIlreKrVpa. iipolt.lsl1H 6qxa orAe"nHIl
ceKropr4 }ra fpaAcKara Kperrocrrra cTe-
Ha lr ro"[er{u apxr{TeKTypHH Ko\lrrr'reKC}r,
KOHTO BepOflTHO npUHaA,'Ie>KaT Ha tryHil-
qnnuvx{a. ouepraHu ca u npH6,rr43n-
rei'rHuTe fpaHHqu Ha HeKpono"rrure. Kbc-
HoaHTrrqHrire nofpe6eHufl ca 6u.nH pas-
ro/'IoN{eHu B to}KHara u Iotoll3ToqHaTa
qacT Ha AHeulHLifl tpaA, I43BT,H Kpeno-
crHure creHLI na Lypocroplrxl. Orxpu-
TII Ca HflKO"TKO HOBI.I 3aCBOAeHL fpo6-
Hrrqn n 6orarn norpe6eHufl B capKo-
Qasu oT K'bcHoaHTuqHur{ HeKpo[o"rr, c
KoriTo uo)Ke Aa ce cB:bp>Ke n Cutuc-
TpeHcKara rp06Hurla.
lpo6uuqara e 6una orKpnra c,ryuafi-
Ho npes eceHTa ua 1942 r. B rorousro.r-
Hr.ITe noxpariHHuH Ha Cu,urtcrpa, H3
eAUn no/rerar cK,rioH, ua 7l) clr 1116o-
LluIIa B 3eNIflTa, HeAa"rIeLI OT Ka3aprIIITe,
B ,rro3ero ua llerrp AHre;roe r{epxeeon.
OrNpueare,'rr4Te npo6u,ru orBop npeg
cBOAa n rro To3u Haqr4H i]o eAHa rqacT-
JruBa c"lyq2;nocr npu npoHxKBaHero e
3acelHa,Ta cpaBIlure"rlHo NIar'IKa rIacT ca-
Nro oT cBoAoBa.Ta )Kr4.BoIIHc. Br,rpe, oc-
BCH OTJ'IUIIHO 3ANASEHI,]TC CTCHOIII4CI],
He e 6H,ro Har'repeHo Hirulo Ap)rro. fio-
KbCHO Ca HanpaBeHU IJ NIaJIKId COHAa)KU
o,r xrecrHoro lcropzNo-reorpaQcNo
tr
ApylKecTBo noA pr,KoBoAcTBoTo Ha yqil-
rer'rure Xrzexo Pycee u Hoeax flerpon,
Koraro e 6nn orBopeH u ca\{I4flT BXoA
Ha H3TorIHara creHa. flrpeouauaf'rr-ro HaA
rpo6uuqara e nocrpoeH HaBec, a ro-
KbcHo 3a 3ana3BaHe Ha cTeHoItLIcuTe oT
B,Tarara u arlrocQepHure BJrlrfrrrr1tl e
ilocTpoeHa cneqrlarHa 3auluTHa cfpa-
Aa v e rr3BT,pueHa qacTuqHa KolrcepBa-
ulig Ha cTeHorlllctlre or cneqLraJrr4cTu Ha
HT]IIK.
flo ceoqra apxr{reKTypa Cu,'uicrpeHcKa-
Ta rpo6urrua e or o6nNHoseuuq rHn
puNrcKrr elHoKarrepHn rpo6Huuri c npa-
BObtt,.leu Il -IaH, 3acBoAeHIt c no"'iyuli-
,'ruHAprrqer{ cBoA. Tq ulta pas;lrepu 3,30
ua 2,60 rr, cbc 3eHr4THa Br4coqr4na 2,30
lr. Cresrire ;e6e.rlt 0,60 r,r, ca fpaAeHll
or,To]IeHII IialtT)FIII, croeHLi c rlepBeH
xopocarr. Ha l ru BHcotIuHa 3aIIOr{Ba
3acBolqBaFleTO C.4Ba peAa ryx"nu, c pa3.
r\repu 0,43 x 0,35 \r, cnoeHu c 4e6enu
Ao 5 6,5 clr rrr'racroBe xopocarr. fpo6- \l
rrur{aTa e opfieHrHpaFra tr3ToK-3anaI. d
Ha u3ToqHara creHa ce Ha\rnpa BXo-
Abr Ha 0,42 w rraA noAa, c pa3N{epx .N
0,86 \r BucorluHa 14 0,72 tr rurzprrHa, -
o6paliueH or rpu Kat{euHll n,Toqu, Ae-
6e,ru 0,60 li, nocraBeHu BT,pxy KaN{e-
HeH npar. fl,ro.rure Ha B'bHrrHara creHa *
ca npoQu.rupauu,3a Aa ce o6pasyea
j]ef.rIOTO Ha l.naAKaTa KaNIeHHa IIr'lOqa, C
KoflTo e 6u.l 3arBopeH BXoAbr. Mex-
AuHnre ca 6urut n3r\{a3aHn c xopocaH. lr
florlrr e HacrJ'raH c ryx"rrrr c pa3Mepr4
42x36X5 crr. BmperuHocrra Ha rpo6-
Hriqara c\{afiBa c 6orarcreoro vr pa3-
uoo6pasuero Ha )KI4BolHcHara AeKopa-
ilufl, c KoflTo ca noKpHTLi Il3rIf,'rQ cTe-
HI{Te U CBOAa Ha [aN{eTHUKa.
Iloepegrare Ha creHonucrire ca cpaBHn-
Ha
Te.''tHO r{e3Haqr4Te,r'rHI'I. 3anaAHara
CTeIIa B ,rIlOHeTa UI'Ia nlar'IKO 143Kt,pTBa-
He, Jrr4rleTo r{a }KeilaTa oT c'bnpyN{ec-
Kara ABoriKa e IroBpeAeHo, or orBopa
Ha cBoAa ca 3acerHarrl rp14 Qnrypu.
Crge,rHH u3K:bprBaFIr4tr Lr.Nra u IIo 3eHr.r-
Ta HA CBOAa K:bXr 3anaAHara cTeHa.
r{yecreHre,rua e noBpeAara, np}iquHe-
Ha oT cTuqaull{re ce Ab)KAOBHI{ CTpyr4,
Ha nTI4IIIITe B U3TOIIHltfl JtlOHeT. C,rel
qacTfiqHa KoHcepBarlrrfl Ha cTeHoIIllcrl-
Te npe3 1964 r. ca orKpurll Il Aon:bi'IHH-
Te,'lHrl noBpeAll Bt,pxy eAHoTo oKo rr
6ysara Ha npucn)')KHuKa c
Ha BHcy"rrKa rra ropKBara;"ILIcroBLrA-
cpeAHara
r{acT Ha pT,KaTa Ha npilc"rlV>KHIiKa c
IraHTaJoHa; HqKon or paN{KlITe v oK-
p:b)KHocTIlTe Ha cBoAa, KaKTo u lo,'Iflx,I
6poti ,1pe6Hu )/Bpe)KAaHIrfl or Qona u
Aerau"rlt oT neKopaTI1BHLITe XIOTUBI4 Ha
cBoAa.
CreHnre ua rpo6uuqara ca 6nnn u3l'{a-
3aHII orBT'Tpe c oco6eu BapoB pa3TBop,
npu\receH c rullc: Bbpxy Kotiro ca ro-
f'raraHlI 6a rpHre. Vnorpe6eHa e rex-
rrulKara al fresco c peryur a secco. tr4s-
t"rle>KAa LIe Ha x{oKpo ca rocraBeH]'i oc-
HoBHLIflT cfleo-6gr uBqr Iia creHltre I4
lro;xe 6u Keperll4AeHoqepBeHure pa[{KIc
Ha r(BaAparllre. ONptNHocrure Ha cBo-
L7
Aa ca 6z,rru ouepraH?i c nepfer'r Ha MoKpo, B'bpBn or rto-TbMH?iq KbM no-cBeTr?ifl
3arrloTo B rleHTbpa Ha BcflKa or Tflx I4Ma TOH.
cd{eAa or ocrpl4-fl Npaft Ha treprera, OreecHlire creHr4 n cBoA'br ca taxa 6o-
rrorr,Ha,'r 4t,r6oNo B ou{e cypoBI4 fl rpyHA. taTo LI3IIIICaHLI , r{e He e OCTaHad'IO HHTO
fonr,nnure/THr4Te 6arpv Ha KoHTypure, eAHO nor'Ie, He3aCetHaTO OT qeTKaTa Ha
CBETJ'II4HHTE 14 CCHKLITE CA TO''IAIAFIT4 A xyAo)KHLiKa.
secco Ha t6cTI4 c,IIoeBe, KaTo qecTo ce
12. I4emouuama cmega c
Ltacm om ceo}a. IIs-
etted ome'ampe. Om dee-
me cmpaHu ua axoda
-
uso6pautenun na rcaH)e-
na6pu cac aana,xeHu
ceeulu

13 . 11 puc,tgsrcHuqd. u
1aana ctllJzu. IOctnama
cmeHa
 $

I
lg
 1
\, 1 1 ll so 6 ptnrcenue HLt
[.taeama oftL np(nrcn10
tL1t-t,O Hu rclLH0nrq Lm?Ho.
O5.ttqcn a Kbca 5t.ttt ql{.
i=
tn.tlHLtKu B ,tstuma cu
pzE0 aduea cLLcoK0
x.tu stuAo, 3urionLLer-L(-r (:

$u6um

,.",!*{

15. C.tytuma otn mptmo-

rno natLo Hd rcltHLlma
cmena. !,emait. Cau;trca
Itq JI,. il ftt.rrttmooq

I 6. "I L/xr,tauqna,!u6gn.
!,emait ct nL ust'Spttttcc-
t-LUCmO LIO mp('mutL c.ILJea
0t7L rcMHLlnTA CtlLerLq/
t
/. ' ,':

iI
i
i,
i
l7 l-.utr:tt .ltniai,t oni (tllt't1L) ,/tltlL'tnr L t ttl t]] ttI'.1()tltt l l,il Ll ntt tL l8 . f .taott ,'Jr:ntuu.t ont e(rma om cp(c)tlotno noHo mo c 3aKpze,leHo, K.O-
1130 OpA.)iLt H LIL' UlO t1 t:t 1ilp(' ollu.tLtLt otit'pI1(il1LLl -7i,,t 1t,IO tlttr)rttLuut ttttt)tttn u3O6pax{eHueLn) H0 c,ul- H.0 toJ{H(Lnrct ( nlcHCr u4('- cume cQ KhcLt
17
ftt.trJ! (.rU?0 l{) qrtllrrtu ?tLtllt' pll( Li tit)( I.l 'i(t^l)l.l itbl)xU Du,ilt Lt.t,/t]t

: !i!ta'
 I9. Ilso6pacnenue Ha
c.t.Aeama om cpeduomo
naHo Ha rcJ[HArnU cmeH7.
Oditeqen B K.6ca npena-
caHa m!/ HuKa u )zteu
nLtHml.'roHu. ll pes tnco-
mo pailo e npeil.emHu.'L
naHma)roHu, a c dnc-
HAnQ p.6KA HOCU 3A
6plsKume quQm o6tleKu

20. Hao1pa:trcenue Hd
c,'t!zama om cpc0nomo
naHo Ha rcJ{HAmq, cmeHa.
fiemati,r. Cnunrca Ha
t, il. ,n,unumpoe

I
't

21. If onmarcnu u au(tm

o6garcu. lemart.t om
uso6pawenuemo Ha c),t!-
zemd, a cpednomo naHo
l7a fiTtHAmA cmeHa
is

22. [.Isodpau:tnut t1rl

np uc.xui)]{.Huqatna on n hp -

aoftLo n.0tLo Ha nJr:t-L0m.Q

cmcH.t Ilaauqrtama de- x

BoiKo € 0fi.1pr1p1161 (J

tt(apoPtlo i)att.uctntut;tt E
dq.cnam.a .u phrl i)npwu
K/./mLi tt, 30 tlo p(hn u
u .

2,3. Kr.1m.un an nap(tntrtt.

lemoitt om u:to6pcrhr.(
H.UCn1.O HA npuc,ltllttHtl-
qQma Lt.a rcMHunla cnlrHa.
Ktlntunm.a p oKotnr-ro nar
lllpt.i Stpu)l(:titl
 21 f .toaa !,emafi:t om
uso6pattcuuemo Ha npu-
c,Ia ilcLLu4ama fLa tot[ Hama
cmcLLa lrl uLlemo e H?Jtctlo,
c dctuxamnu qepmu,
o6patuctL0 c Kpacueo
npLtrrccrco, mun,,t.t.tleJI"

25 flemart,r om uta-
6pacreuuemo Ha npucilAJ![-
HU4AmA fLa rctcHama
CmeHa. ,n,ncnama pzKa,
6 Konmo 0npttcu sepLtctf,-
t\ume tLa K!/muflma 3a
nap$n,uu

I{
,, ;l

26. Jlemait om ueo6pa"

Ha npucrlaJ{Hu.
ilceHuemo
4AmA H0 to1![ttama cmeHa.
Cnu.trrttt ua !. II . [u-
.ilu.mpo0
I

27. lpedoped, neucdg 4epseHu KanKu. cmpa-

cmeHLIme u ceoda Ha Hume u,M ca o6aepenu
epo6nuLlama. [,emad,t. B ilebl\mo, CUH'O U OXqA,
l7 pedcmaeeuume nepc- a dotuume n,/rocKocmlr
caomeemHo e xarrtneo,
-
neKmueHo epe1u unam
6eau "teaa, AKpaceHu c qepHo u KepeiluAeHo-
no,laKp6? om m'6il,Ho- qepBeHo
,leriop arI,IBHa cl4creMa
Jer,oparnBHara cv creMa BK/'IroqBa IIa-
Ha Bbp_\y cTeHare, KorrTo AocTl4rar Ao
Ilerara Ha cBoAa, fpeAopeA, orAerTrrul
cTeHilre or cBoAa u KacervpaH CBOA.
fl ana
Blp.rr- creHrrre, uag 6nn t1oK:bJI c Br4-
coqrrHa 17-19 cu c,re4ea Qpns or eAH-
Ha-leceT npaBobf b,THi.I ro,'IeTa, B14 coKIl
l-1,13 u H c rxzpriHa 0,80-1,00 u,
BK.'rroqeHr4 B KepeMLIAeHOqepBeHa paM-
Ka, unpoKa 6-7 cu. Te ca pa3npeAer're-
HH IIO TpI4 Ha BCqKa CTeHa C I43KJ'IIOqO-
HHe Ha H3TOqllaTa, K6AeTO MqCTOTO Ha
cpeAHoro rro,'re e 3aero or BXoAa. B:se
BCflKO IIO,Ie e Bnt4CaH nO eALIH nO-N{a/'It,K
IIpaBOblb,'IHI4 K, OLIepTaH C TT,MHO3e,'Ie-
Ha r.rBr.rqa, tuzpoKa 2-3 cu. Bucoquua-
ra r4M Bapr4pa Me>KAy 89-92 cM, a irru-
pliHara e Aocra pa3r'rur{Ha. Mex4y 4ne-
Te paMKI4 B bt,'ILITe Ca pa3nO"[O]KeHLi
nUpaMI4Aa,'IHO nO lIJeCT 3e.,'IeHLI TOqKIi,
Konro r.rMt4Tupar rBo3AeLi. Tesu rpa-
BOT,lb,'IHI'iUU BK,tfOqBaT OTAer'Il-I14 U3O'
6paxeHIzn38: or ABere crpaHl4 FIa BXo-
Aa ABa CBeTVJTHI4Ka C fOpflUII4 CBeilII4,
u 2 cv:.erpr4r{Hrz peALiqI4 or npHc/'Iy}K-
Hr4r\11 14 npnc,ly)KHr4qKn, KOI4TO C pa3-
,'II4qH14 ApeXH 14 Apyflr TOa,TeTHII IIpkI -
HaAr're)KHOCTI4 B pt'qe ce oTnpaBflT K.bN{
cbnpysnre f ocfroAapll Ha rpo6HH-
r\ara, uso6pasenu B rreHTpa,'rHufl rlpa-
BOt,lT,,'IHUK Ha 3anaAIlaTa KbCa CTeLIa'
t pedoped
Ha4 uepneHara JrrrHr4tr, orpaHxrlaBatr1a
rrpaB06rT',rHrzrIIrTe C QUrypanun LI3o-
6paxeuua, c,'reABa norc, txupoK 20 cnr.
Torl e oqepraH or ABe rlepBeHn ilvHr1rr,
orpaAeHrr c qepHo, B Kofiro e npeAcra-
BeH nepcIIeKTIrBHO apXIiTeKTypeH Mo-
Tr4B Cri,THO U3nABau\V Ce HallpeqlrH
- f pe4opeAbr, onacBaul rlrJ'rara
rpeAI.r.
rpo6Hzqa, BctrqHocr orroBapfl Ha Iro3-
HarLrfl K,'racllqecKu gr6qecr opHaN,IeHT B
apxrireKTypara v c,'ry>Kr4 ryK Karo fpa-
HHrIa N{e}KAy AeKOpaqhfTa Ha oTBecHa-
Ta CTeHa, OT eAHa CTpaHa, I'I dTIOHeTHaTa
14 cBoAoBa )KuBorrric, or Apyra. tlpes
LifpaTa Ha CBeT/'II4HI4 11 CeHKI4 xyAo)K-
Hr4K6T e rrocrlrrHan eQeNr Ha o6errsocr"
Lle,rara Ha f peAI4Te ca 6eJtn, c no,'IyKpbf
or rbMHoqepBeHrz KanKr.r. Crpauuuuara
rrJrocKocr e o6arpeua c rpr4 peAyBalrln ce
IIBfTa >KT,/'IT, CI4H 14 OXpa, a AO,'IHaTa
crpaHa- cborBerHo c KaQqB, r{epeH n Ke-
KeMr.rAeHoqepBeH. t{e"roro Ha BcqKa rpe-
Ia u\qa pa3Mepr.i 13x9 cu u npra6rrnsrr-
Te"'rHa ITJr>r<uHa Ha rpeAZTe B nepcneK-
rvBa oKo/'ro 13-15 cu. Vlnrcgusra 3a
4r,r6ouzHa ce gacnilBa. ou1e rloBeqe' a
nopaAa KoHrpacra x{e)KAy o6paeyeaHrz-
Te ropHH qepHz kt 1lJrHu 6e,ru rputrr,r-
H14r{r4. fpe4ope4t,T vtgBrrrBa h HflKot4
14 HTepecHr.l oIITHqecKI4 npoMeHLI nrn Qop-
Mara u npocrpaFrcrBoro ua rpo6unr{ara.
TaNa HanplzMep paMKara Ha 3anaAI-IHq
"TroHer noql]Ba B'bpxy ropHHq
pT,6
Ha
qe/toTo Ila fpeAI4Te, c,'IeAoBaTe"'IHo "rIIo:
HeT'bT U fpeAIZTe ,'IelKaT B eAHa 14 cbilIa
nr'IocKocr, Koqro B c,'Iyqaq e Aeiicreu-
Ter'IHara rJIocKocr. Tn e npe4HLIflT Irr'IaFI .
Hepeeuara paMKa IJa npaBoT,rt,'IHIllII4-
Te ce oflupa o6aqe B A'bHoro Ha rpeAHTe;
Te3IJ npaBO'btblrHkrrry I43tr'Ie)KAa KaTO
qe naAaT B Ilr'IOCKOCTTa Ha 14a"TKUTe
33
6e,ru rpnrrbJ'rHurrr4 Me>KAy rpeAr4Te, KOrz-
To ca QoHtr, orKbAero crr,pqar rpe-
AHre. Te o6pasyBar rrpuBr.rAHo Bropr4fl
rrJraH, xoriro e n/'rro3opeu. rlo ro3u Ha-
r{IzH ce cb3AaBa orlTl4qecKa I43MaNra, qe
cTeHaTa 3aA fpeAopeAa e I3MecTeHa rro
rrocoKa Ha 4r,r6ouuuara Ha rpeAr.rre.
Z noue>xe rop H I4Te NIa!'I K u rp I4'b r:bJ'i H HIIH
MexAy fpeAHTe ca qepHfi, re c'b3AaBar
uJlro3r4flra 3a noA Ha eAHo epKepHo pa3-
rr_114peHI4e, noqliBailIo Br,pxy r.r3AaAeHH-
Te rpeAri. f,o6uua ce Bner{ar.rreHr4e 3a
pa3lxHpeHue Ha npocrpaHcrBoro qoA fpe-
Ar.rre. B roBa orHotrreHHe rpeAopeA:br
na CunucrpeHcKara rpo6Huqa na3r.r rpa-
LHuHflla ga npocraHcrBeHnre eQexru or
e/'ILiHhcrrzqecKara >Kr.iBorlHC. B fpeAo-
peAa e crra3eFr u cTpeMelKbT 3a cr4Me-
TpuqHocr. floqru or rreHTpar'rHara oc Ha
3anaAHaTa cTeHa f peAr4 re ce pa3Ae-
"tflT u KaTo B3eMaT npOTII BOnO,'IO>KHa
nocoKa, oIIacBaT IIq"']OTo IIoMeuleH14e,
sa Ia ce cr6epar B cpeAara Ha r43roq-
Hara creHa HaA BXoAa. Canrusr BXoA e
H3BbH Cr4CTeMaTa Ha CriMeTprzqHaTa KOM-
rrogI4rrHfl, rtfi Naro e I43MecreH Ma,'IKo
K:bM ceBepr'rara creHa. flopa4u roBa rr
ABaTa npaBOblT,JI HUKA CIC CB€TI{ JIHLIIil4-
Te He ca eAHaKBH Ha nnpuHa. Xy4o>r-
HI4K'br o6aqe ce e nocrapa/'r c xepa"T-
ALIqecKOTO pa3nOr'IO)KeHHe FIa CBeTUd'I-
HHrIi4Te C fopqquTe cBeilIU Aa Aorrb,'rHr.r
OIITHqeCKI4 OHOBa, KOeTO He e IIOCTHT-
HATO MATCN{ATIZIICCKI].
Jlronemtt
Ha4 rpe4opeAa, Bbpxy ABere Kr,cr4 crpa-
HI4 Ca pa3[O/'IO)KeHIZ r'IIOHeTLITe. MaXap
H KOMrrO3r4UHOHHHflT npIIHrInn Ha yKpa-
caTa uM Aa e eAHH Li cr'u cuN{erpzq-
-
HO pa3no,'rolKeHu nrurlH cnpqN{o eAuH
r{eFrTbp, B yKpacaTa LlN,l I.lMa rr HflKOLI
pas,rtauua, B 14 3ToLlHIrfl ,'IroHer creHo-
rrHcT,r HaI' BXOAa e AOCTa nOBpeAeH.
Torl npe4craBfl rro,rre, r{3IlbcrpeHo c rrBe-
Tfl, Bbpxy ocHoBa. Cp"a rqx,
>KbJ'rTa
o6rpuarz eAHa cpeuy Apyra, ca. npeAcra-
BeHr.r ABe nruqu (r'sn's6n?). Cne4 xoH-
cepBaqrzflTa ce ycraFroBIr, qe no qoBKH-
Te Hl{ BHCflTnaHAe/'IKU, KaKBI4TO Ce Cpe-
UIaT npli MOTI'IBa MeAad'IbOH C naHAe/'IKa
34
cr,u1o B yKpacara Ha /'rioHerz. B 3anaA-
HLIfl ,TrOHeT, CpeA CbUIO TaKaBa qBeTHa
tpalurla ce BrilKAar ABa nayrra oT ABeTe
crpaHr.i Ha 6pousoe KaHTapoc. Te,rara
Ha nayHrrTe ca cr.lBo-cuHu cbc cliBo-qepHH
KoHTyp14, rrepara Ha rtp6a ca cuBo-
qepHrr li oxpoBu, orraluKr4re NaQaen c
qepHu H 3e/'IeHI4 JrrrHrLH, oqnre ue6ec-
Hocr.rHH c 6enu roqKiz. I(aurapocr,T l]t,ra
r4sAyro cQepuuuo rfl/'ro c Br.rcoKa KoHy-
coBr4AFra nocTaBKa n lI]npoKo ycTHe.
Aptxxure, H3Br4TH S-oeu4uo, ce Ir3-
AaBar HaB:bH. Oogrr Ha r'IloHerure e
oxpoBo>K6,'rr, a He a6crpaNrno 6nJt,
KaKro npz oprocrarr.rre. I{nernra znrar
c'bpueBr.iAHa QopN{a c Tr,r\,rHoqepBeH H
po3oB IIBflT I4 3e,'IeHV K/'IoHKI4. Kontno-
3HrIr4 flTa Ha ,TrOHeTHaTa yKpaca e ro-
cTpoeHa HaII6,'IHO CLit{eTpAr{HO, KaTO IleH-
Tpar'IHara n oc cr,BnaAa c orBecHara
npaBa, rr3AurHaTa oT cpeAaTa Ha ,1Io-
HETA,
Urcpaca H0 cloda
Ee,ruqr Qou Ha cBoAa e noKpxr c Nrpe-
)Ka or 63 xea4para (or xouro rprr ca
Hsry6euu), HapHcyBaHIi c qeptseHn d'rr.i-
sltu. br,rl4Te nM ca orpH3aHI{ KoHKaB-
HO oT OKp:b)KHOCTII , lI3IrIlCaHU CI,U{O C
qepBeHr4 rrnHrtrr. B o6pasyeaHure tro
TO314 HaTIIIH OCMO:brbr'IHIITIH C qeTUpII
npaBr4 u rreTr4pli KOHKaBHH cre-
HI4 CA BIIUCAHI,I TO-NIAJIKI4 OCMO6IT,,T-
HlIrlH, OqepTaHIz Cbc 3ed'IeHa ntHntr. B
oKp:blKHocTHTe cbulo ca BnIlcaH14 Iro-
Ma"TKLI CI4HII OKp:b>KHOCTI{, KOLITO UMar
B IIeHTT,pa CH Ma,TbK 3e,TeH Xpt,r, O6U-
c tuecr 3e/'IeHH TOLIKIT. 3e.reuure
Ko,rIeLI
OCMOb|:b,tHI'Iqli Ca 3aIIbJ'IHeHH C HaIi-
pa3Hoo6pa3Hr4 MorI4BI4, B3erII or pacra-
TC"'IHHq H }KIZBOTHHCKAq CBflT: TIA"TMOBO
46pBO) Uso6paseHo Ha AeBer N{ecra,
Hap Fra rrer r\{ecra, rpo3A B Aecer
- -
OCMOT,IT,,'IHI4Ka, eAHO AeKOpaTUBHO IIB0-
Te Ha [recr Mecra. qerupu rrr,Tr.r ce
- rayHbT, Tprz n:bTli \aTur\aTa
cpeqa
l6 nrrn-nrr4rrlz or Apyrlr -BI4AoBe. flp.a-
14
CTaBeHII Ca H rIeTIipli J'IOBHH CII,eHI'I, npU
KOLITO /TOBerI'bT r1 AUBeqbr ca pa3rlo-
,'IO>KOHI'I B ABa CT'COAHI4 OCMOT,IT,/'IHI4I<a.
B elHa cIIeHa,'IOBeubT, O6,reqeg B >Kb,'ITa
Kbca npenacaHa ryHI4Ka, 6oc, e Kr'reKHaJI
c KOIM B OqaKBaHe Ha U3CKOIqUJtr4fl
Hacpeu1a ri'r14raH. B Apyra crreHa ,'ro-
BeII B c:sxloro o6.rlex,ro u ctofixa e Ha-
COqI'id'I KOIIIIeTO CI4 Cpeqy BpbXd'II4TaXl
,'reonapA. B rperara crleHa ,{oBerlbr,
O6rf eqeU CbUIO C )KT,r'ITa TyH14Ka, HO
o6yr e naHTaJ'roHr4 u o6yBK'A, e rpaB,
C ,'IbK I'I Beqe e nyCHarT CTpe,'IaTa CI{ B
rbp6a Ha 6aBHo ABz)Keulara ce MeqKa.
HaIi-nocne B14 >KAaMe qerBT,pr14 r'IoBer-(
npaB, caM c ABe Konlrfl klJrLr npbrr4
JrflBATa Cr4 pbKa Lr pa3nepeHa AflcHa
p:bKa, LI3BbpHa"rl nor,'IeAa cI{ BcTpaHH,
Karo qe nv sa6nrc.[aBa crreHara c tJlr4-
raHa, KoflTo ce pa3BLrBa noA Hero. Bct'ut-
Hocr paMKr4Te He r.iso,rrr4par Qrzrypure.
fonqMa qacr or nrIrIII4Te 3acl4r{ar paM-
Kr.rre c ora[rKr.{Te cv. ,lloeqHre cbilIo
Tar<a LrgJrasar I43BIH paMKr4re. OceeH
TOBa OKO/'rO BCflKa Qnrypa Ha qOBeK,
)KLIBOTHO L1Jr14 nrllqa Ca pa3XBbp,TflHr.r
3e,'reHH r.i IIBeTHLi eefiKz. c roea HeyrpaJr-
HOTO IIOJIe Ce HapyilaBa 14 KarO r{e ,'I[
3aBr'raAsBa or Qrarypa,rlHIzre MorI4B14 Ha
p acTlc'red'I H krfl, rt >KuBoTI{ H CKLI s ce qr. H a -
,'rata ce BneqaTJIeHI.{eTo 3a tpaAr4 Ha-napK,
OX{LIBeHa OT CBOVTe XBT,pKaTI4 o6nta-
Te,IrI4, CpeA KOI{TO r{OBeKbT HaMHpa CBOe-
TO MflCTO, 3aeT C eAHO npIlflTHO 3aHhMa-
HI4e Ha roraBa[rHoro 3HarHo o6u{ecreo
,'roB Ha AI4Beq. ceoAOeara )KLIBOrrr4c
-4eficrea Ha oKoro Naro 6oraro II3-
ntcrpeH KuilrtM. Xy4oxttzK:br ce e crpe-
Mr4Jr Ia He noBTapq uso6paxeHkrflTa.
BcqNo rrai'rMoBo ApbBqe e npeAaAeHo
IIo pa3d'Ir]qeH HaqtIH, BceKH fpO3A e
pa3rnvFro o6xprxeH or Jrlicrara, c r6M-
HIl IIJ|U CBeT,'rr4 3bpHa, B KOIITO npO3I4-
par ceMKr.rre. flrzqnre, cpeA Kor.rro ce
cpeuar rcnr6u, epa6uera, nayHr.r u
Apyfr4 rrTrrrlr4, cT,xlo ca npeAcTaBeH14 B
pasHoo6pasHz 4ericreun u rr03H. Te
fleqT, K6r'IBaT Ki'lOHK14, CKaqaT, d'leTgT,
HaBelKAaT Ce, UnCrAr Kpr4.JrATa CH C Kpa-
B ue. fericrBr4re,'rHo pflAKo Motar Aa ce Br4-
Arr ro,rrKoBa Muoto r.r raKa pasuoo6pasulr
MOTI4BI4 Bt,pxy eArla TOJ'IKOBa MaJIKa IIO-
Br,pxHocr. Xy4oxrrzNrr e pa6orz,r c
to,rrqNr 3aMaxrr cr.lfypHa pbKa.
C HqNo,'INo ,'IeKI4 KoHTypa, c HqKorKo
neTHa u HAnTacTqBaHVfl, B IIo cBeTb,'I
ToH rorl nocrhta Qopuara Ha cBoHTe
o6exrz. Xy4oxHuKbr ce e onr.rrad'r Aa
BK,TTOqZ rO3H TaKa pa3HOpOAeH CBflT B
paMKr.rTe Ha eAHa TIflJTOCTHa C[MeTpI.irIHa
KOMrrO3r4u,Afl, KarO 3a rIeHTpaJrHa oc e
B3e/'I UeHTpaJIHaTa HaAd'I6)KHa OC Ha
caMara rpo6HHqa. Oxo"no Hef rorl pa3-
no,'rara AeKoparlr4flTa Ha cBoAa. flpe4u
BCHqKO OCMO:btbr'IHLlqllTe Ca HapeAeHu
B CeAeM peAa, ycnopeAHo Ha Ta3r.r oc.
3eHHrHzqr peA e floAr{epraH c ltepneH-
AzKy/'rrpHoro pasnoJrolKeHr.re ua Qnry-
pnTe cnpqMo rIeHTpaJrHaTa OC, AOKaTO B
ApyfliTe peAoBe MoTr4Br.rTe ca pa3noJro-
X{eH14 KbM CeBepHaTa I4JIH CT,OTBeTHO
Kt,M IO)KHaTa CTeHa C OCHOBLITO CIt, Ka-
To ca o6rpuaru ry Ha ,TqBo,Ty Ha AflcHo.
28. Cznpgcrecxama 1eoil- uso6pacreuunma npe0-
KA U npUC/lACttHUqKUme cmaBeH nepcneKmuBHo
om leeme u.M cmpaHu, epedo pe0
3anadnama cmeHa. Ha0
35
*$7
?'
! :, .:,r, r :
l
t

29. hso6pacrcenue na nudttutnu cmeHu. @ueu- caHd na HLtKd c ulupoKu 6tedocuu 4earn (na o6- 30. l{ana lemailt om HU4AmA B.lflCO Om ?01- ameHa Kanama uta Lt:)- mfl,(:H{L tuu fl u eucatio
npucna H Hu4a mQ. B.'LnBo pama e crnpoina, o5.tc- pbKulu. B pz4eme cu .40ilc Kama )
rpuet1 purna Ha npuc ?.!Jt- nodapxama, iJanadnamu d t1 no crltc p uu r1o Ln fl.lo, [:no,711e

om eocnctdaprcama,3a- qeHa I d'6teu npena- t-Locu KaHa u numepu I

 ,J I [',tusu ,']crnttit rtrn nto :JLulLtd H0
eo( tlode pK0 tnbrtlu otlLt hotUrni., t,ar)pr'nu nadufft Htl ,u ,::i2 ll puc.rr1,tt. HLrqlmo -Jont.rdnorttrt ( n(H0 4tu tt tl patLOp4LtLt
t1i)o.t,u(tt t1 L1F0. t719 HOLIL ?O,Ln,ntt

It rtttpu \"Hltt'ln 4t1 tlltut nlu t.nurlu .ilLtLqr:tno c i op(tllot't Htt tt(.u)ila ar)nt rto otn trn ttriltt 1tl a tl pa n Lu t' ('t|| l( ) tt L1 (t ( Oi t.r,rtrtu a r)t.ttu rn.l 0:t.tu Kbpn(1
.il1 il1 t1u4u lnu a.Ir.a(J t)ll1 :)dKpb?.1('lu, t lt),la,\tL| t-'u r)l'.t,:t] 0 .t11ho lu

' 4-'
: ii:r '

'.i r :,.

a{ J'i {t
33. flemad,,t orn uso6pu-
)t{(Hu(mo Hu npuc.lrl)tt-
Huqamd. 3anaAuama
cmeHa. Maadescxomo,
30Kp't)elleH0 ,,tuqe e O6pu,tt-
qeHO Om npaBU )tC'()lXmO-
rcaQneu rocu

31 . lMea. fiemaii,t om
uaodpawenuemo Ha npuc-
,'Lrl.Jfl: Huqama. 3ana) uumtt

cneua. Cuu.ttxa no fl. 17.

luuumpoa

35. ll puctgwnuqama
odncno om eocno)apn
3ana\narna cmeua ne-
mati,t om )ncnama pora,
c Konmo d'optttu Kpan Hd
eo,tfl,\,La 6n,ta rz pnu
 ,ll; Cnnpt1 trL:r,tri0fttLt t)d0it
K0 d L\(,H.rnp0.ltU) titr tlLlH(
t10 :tttilttr)uttrrt0 atni,ttti
I pt'() ( nlutlt t I Lr Llt
t
1to n nt u.t tt0
t ,lt,KO Otib[)rL]/]1Ll t'()t1o
lih ti ()pll<a(i ,t.tttou
\lt:v.bttt. r;i) t,',rr'H it r)t',t
,'(1 tnl/Lliti;a !t .\t0H I1 l:a
:) t 1t ut tt ti p t) t\i ltt' t l.! attLt
ntr)K ( ilttt,tntt:t r)otrtrtoSt
tlilntt trtrt rt t)n.1211 1,.,,
il itKtl u r)tI I ttttnt!.nttt ;
!.LO )tl Il l(! .ItltJ(ll11(i ! Ll PTtL;(i
tthp\rl p0.vonto v|. il t
rlnt rlttrtttt t)i D,)r. tt !ltjt)til

sr^1...1.

a,

"4 , i..:

l7 ()tttltLl ht ti( kQtlut t')&)t't

t iiu .li,iltiti t (.nutxLt
ttt.t ,l [! .ltt.trLurrtrtoc

'3

,...!\z
. ,'-r ? ;.,*

il .
't
 ,'tB .!l,r:rnoi.r 0m .tLtLl(nto
Hu eoL'no)apKunra I[ennt-
pa.tHotn(-) n(tHo rLa 3LLtl0d-
trtrn(l L:mtH0. l7u z.tLL-
|ttnul L'u 110cil d80i Ho
sa6padK0, suttb p:tQ t-Lu
LtLl mu t0. "'[ LtLlt rno po-
:JC)AO f(nCnAmCt tlO 1O-
nuna noapaitrLct

":;,
.

l,'

,?9. ltntuii.t am .tuLlcntl

rttt zocnor)o pxa mt.t. C n u.t-
xo au,'1. fl lJtt.utLrnpoe

:l fi'
.{ ,i"t'

>.: !

r. .'ril

10 Lto ca , Xc nta tlL .r 0 n

uso6pcntttnutmo tLu ?oa
ruiapn lJannt)narno
t mt na.,,\'I a N:tc me,c H.o m a)

)u4e ., . zplt6u
qtpmLL LL m(lcxu tLpotrop-
Lquu Koto ocnl pLteanani
Kjcu cL' ('11Llct;Lt nur)
Ho li p t)tt K(IHo nlo tt! ra
 S: * .::
,:t. rr;!i:li;:":, -1 ii:::ii:'tlj
-l!r

41, II:todparcenue Hd
dnanuqna, n pucmanedulu
K'b.il KAHnApOC ,ann1m
HA atanadrLama cneHu.
Orco,to nmuqume, srpxll
oxpoBuft QoH - pd3npac-
HOmU pO3]BU. U llepqeHU
4Be mn ca c 3e,tle H u
K )'L A HKLI
 HnoHorpadtzn Ha crer{onr4cr4Te
Queypattuu uao6paweHun
B AeKoparHBHara cHcrex{a Ha Cn"ru-
crpeHcKara rpo6HHrla x{orar Aa 6rgar
pa3fpaHHqeHu ABe fpyn14 eJ'ren'IeHTH.
fl:speara o6xnarqa opraHuqHlrre u3o-
6paxeHHr. a Bropara teol,rerpr{qHa-
Te h apxI4TeKToHHqHu- e,'Iel,teHT14. Op-
taHLIqFtzTe MOTLIB14 Ca pa3nOJOlKeHfi tdTaB-
Ho B rraHara or Qpusa, npeAcraBeH
Btpxy creHr4re Ha rpo6uuqara u B xace-
THTe Bbpxy cBoAa. B ueHrpar'IHoro na-
Ho Ha 3arraAHara creHa ua rpo6Hnqara
N,r:b)Kr,T a N<eHara ca npeAcraBeHr Qpou-
TaJqHo, c /'IeKo o6tpHarH eAHa K:bM Apy-
la l/'laBLi, C qyBCTBIITe,'IHO CKbCeHh Te-
.tla 14 HeecTecTBeHO eApH t"rraBlz B cpaB-
neHae c nponopuzlire Ha rer'IaTa. Mt-
X(bT e f Or'IOlr'IaB, C HLiCKO OCTplilaHa KO-
cd,6es 6paga, c xrt,)KecrBeHo /'Iuqe
I(ocara nua KecreHflB uBflT, r'Inuero e Bara Koca, pq3Ko oqepTaBaula p03o-
oxpoBo-qepBeHo c NaQnen 3aceHqBaHuq
lt 6n,ro-po3oBo o(BernBaue. BexAure u
K"lenaqr.ire ca or6e"rg3aHll c K.bca qep-
TLILIKn. O6ne.Ien e B A:b,'Ita rvHuKa c
lfb"rrrH phKaBH, Koflro e vKpaceHa Ha
par\4eHere r.I Ha xraHUerI{Te" rlo AonHuq
i xpaii MuHaBa opHaMeHT Br,B BriA Ha
r<p:or (op6rixona). Btpxy ryHUKara e
Hal,rerHaTa MaHTlig, KOgTo ce. cnycKa
noA ,'IffBaTa p'bKa Ha ruizpoKn t.bHKIi.
TVuuxara e 6sna c ra$neH op6rzNo,ru,
a \{arrTfiHTa oxpoBa c MHO>KeCrBO
1lrcaHCil npU lt,HKLITe, KOLITO AOCTI4taT
,{o rbMHoNa{rnno. I(na4parure ca ,{ep-
nn c xaQsBo-oxpoBlirteprlz rro .btJ'rfiTe,
KOITTO rH npeBp:b[taT B npeLr)rneH KpX]cT.
Mrxrr Hocr{ o'rBopeH14 o6yexu, ro-
qo6uli Ha cat1alrrl. npeBtpsanlr oKod'ro
c ABa lllllpnra, KaKTo npr.i Apy.
r'.rre3eHa
rrire uso6pax<eHnff Ha Mb)Ke. B-prqere
cu, np.a t:L,p(I4Te, rori A:bpx{r4 6qno
py",ro (volumen), Koero e npr4cretHaro
B cpeAara c npbcreH H,'rr.i Bpr,B. Cnope4
A. Opoea py,'roro cBllAerei,ICTBa 3a
xHTe/'IeKTyaJr+ara 4etiuocr Ha x,{6)Ka a/,In
no-cKopo 3a HeroBr4fl aBTOpHTer._ Cno_
peA Apyfr.i aBroprJ cBr.rrbKbr npeAcra_
B!'r-flBa 6paueH AoroBop. ssgKeHar^a, qtfl._
ro QHrypa e noJrycKpura saA Mab>Ka, e
flocTaBu,'Ia ilfBATA CA pbKa Ha paMOTO
My. B 4ncuara cn p6Ka A6plKr{ rlBere--
BepoqrHo po3a. FIa r/'raBara cH Tl.
Hocu oco6eua, 3aBbp3aHa HarnJra sa_
6pagNa, rtLIflTo topHa qacr e 6gna ct c
cI4BO-CnHIl CeHKI4, a IoJIHaTa, pa3AerTe_
Ha no cpeAara Ha ABe, e ceerno6exo-
ea. fq cKpuBa lroqra Ll3r1qr,Io KecreHq_
Boro JTHr{e c 6enu I{3cBer,'If B aHnfl i xa-
Qnan ceuKr.i. Brpxy A.bJTropr,KaBHara
ryHr.lKa c yKpaceHn NraHuerrr e o6ne_
qeHa 6sna Aad'IN{arHKa c x{acr,IIlHel{o-
3e.rreHn ceHKI4. Oxpoeu vBLrr\rr-RnraBu,
6oraro yKpaceHz cbc cBerJTocunu 6po-
nIlpaHu cnr4pa,'iL{, ce cnycKaT no A:bJr}KH-
Hara Ha Apexara il o6uxannr oKoJro
ruupoKuq ii pt,Nae. Ha uttflTa ilwrk:
,,Ilaratoyl{", T.e, Ko/TIle r4Jrr4 trKa, yKpa-
ceHo c 6e"regHnxaBIz a gerTeHItKaBIi rler-
Ha, KOHTO uN{uTIipaT nep,l}1 I4 CKbnoII,eH_
HIt KaM:bHr4. Toea roAlrepraBa 6orar-
CTBOTO Ha ApexaTa Ha )KeHaTa, KOeTO
flCHO q OTAed'ifl OT OCTaHaJ'ILiTe XeHCKH
SHrypu. Brpxy yxoro ce Br.rNrAa Ma,,r-
ra o6eqa. C6yra e B recHu, 3arBopeHri
o6yexr/. KaKTo Apyntre )KeHu.
49
 @rt11'pule Ha ABoilKara npellhilaBar c L(ll"'lIlHlipLlLIllll Ti/oll, 3all:bpuBaulll oT-
KpaKaTa cLI AO,IIHaTa ,,1l1HlIfl Ha 3e,i]e- rope c KoHyc ri r\ra,rr{a c$epa, a cr;1o.T\'-
HaTa paNlKa, a NIT,>K'br 3aKpLIBa c JlqBa- c rpllrrbBCKU KpaKzr. fipuc",ry;xrJU-
Ta crpalla IIa TtlJloTo cll Beprl'lKa.IIHaTa Llara LrN{a uo ABe rplrBurl Ha BarrKa pbKa,
3C,IiEHA JILIHI|fl, KOqTO E 6U.TA T'L,PBOIIA- 6rrcepnu oSeuu Ha -vilr{re u xlnof o
qa"rIIio oLlepraFia l'l Kotlro cela.IIIJLtH rpnlKxr.IBo HarpaBeHa rrplrLrecKzl . Fas-
c.rra60 noA Apexara \l\/. ilpaert Brletla- AeJeHa Ha ilpaB n'b'l HaA qe,IIOTO, 'ffl Ce
T"qeHIIe, qe U.eHTpa,lHOTO nailC C'-bC C'bnpy- cnlcKa Hax ,vtrjHTe, KaTo r:6pagvea rT,rr-
MecKaTa rlBoi'lKa e Ilo-]la.IIKo o1' naFIaTa IIa parfKa ol(o"qo IieMHHtI oBa"ri Ha ,,rIu-
Ha A'L,"llilTe CTellil' ll3nT,"ilHelln Ca\{O C uero. Bnrrruarrilrr ua reNrero rrarbK
eAt{a qrufvpa IIIIJpOIiO e 54 Cnr, 4O- KOK e cTerHa'f B Teilll)1, vKpaceHa c ilep-
Karo Apyrnre tlllar lrlrIpLlHa 70 crr. Bss- .rll,r. E4nnunr KpaK crbnBa FTa lo.lHa-
t\rolKho e Li ueH'lpa.[HoTo llailo Aa e 5H;ro Ha pa[rKa, a r]p,vfHflT e nocTaBell iloA
onpele.rreHo 3a eAIIa QHrypa, IIo Bllo- Fres. JIex,r il3A'bi'r)KeHHTe nponopi{uLI
c,reAcTerte ca6rrJr11 HapHcyBaHIl ABe. 3a npr.rAaBar crpor:iHocr n lI3flulecrBo Ha
IA C3 BNIeCTflT B TtlCIIaTa nOB:F,pXIIOCT, riturypara. flpe4c'raBeHa noll'ru en face
H3O6paxleHllero Ila >KeFIaTa e 3aKplJTo rfl He 6rpsa K:blr ctrrpvlKecKara IBof{-
rrario"'roBUHa O'r roBa tla x{'b)Ka. vznn- Ka B i{'eHT:bpa, a caI{o e orIlpaBIl,'Ia
3aFiel'o Ha c:bllo)/lKecKara ABoliKa H3B't,H [ot,rleAa ct{ KT,]\I uea. 3a,1 rasu Qurypa
3e,rreFrara pal'1Ka c'b3AaBa u"l lo3l'i q 3a ilpucl"bilBa e 5r,pso ABIlx(eHIre K:b\I ro-
,x,Ba ilralla. clnpysure ce Ha\4upar CnOAapHTe Cr'lVla, O6ureqeU B KbCa CLI-
npe A pa]\'rKaTa, B il'bpBnq Ilr'Iall, a IIpu- Hf rrpenacaHa TyLIIJKa c A'bJrll p]]-
c,n) MIItilll4Te, BIlI]CaHll B palIKIlTe, ca KaBlr 11 3arBopeHa IIpH uaflra. c6vr e
Ha BTOpI''l II'IaH. B A'l)JII'H 6e.nu, cLr,rIHo npu,'reIIFIa"[n i]au-
Pe4m Ha npilc"rlylKllliuure or "IIflBo Ha Ta"[J]rrr r4 callla"Iru Karc lociloAapfl cu.
IOCIIOAAPI4TC 3ANOLIBA C CAHA }KCHCKA K'sr:ure Kaq)qBn Kocu naAar xaro 6pe-
Qur ypa, o6t,pttara Kt,\l ABollKara ' C6- ToH
HaA rle,rroro. Cxo,tlo Ijlttrra li\ta NIe-
,IeqeHa B AT)JI.a BUCOKO npeilacaHa Ty- Tar'rerr Kpr,f-TopKBa. Toit e ilpeNIeTHaJl
rruKa B oxpoB rlBffT H C -VKpaca or LIep- [pe3 TTflBOTO CI] par{o [aHTa"rIoHI] c Ha-
r
t IIo-KaOflBu Kr'iaBIl . Faxaellre ca ruLIpoKH BbpBeH KOr'laFI? C \1eTa'[HqeCKa TOKa -

l u AocTlllaT AO ,'IaKTHTe. KOcure ca if'b"Il- B gncnara cr4 pl,Ka A'bp)KlJ 3a Bp'b,sKlire

t[1 ll ,']eKo HaKbApeHu naAaT IIa pa\{e- un$r o6ynKil or c'r,ilr,Hfr rnn, c Kouro ca
Here, a IIaA qe.qoTo ca npaBo oTpfl3aHIJ. o61,1s NrblKere, il3o6pa3etlu e rpo6Hulla -
i
Ha 4ncnara cu pr'Ka npuc.[)/x{Hul-(ara ra. C eAHHllfl KpaK, npeAaAetl IIecp'E,rI-
t
, IIOCLT ABe I-p14BFIll , a Ha vLLIIlre, xaKTo IIO B nepcneKTI{Ba, IIpecuLIa Ao"rIIlaTa
Apyfl.Ire r{eFICKu Qriryprr o6euu c pariKa, a ApyfHfir eIIOCTaBeH,vcnopel1-
.1
ta

6ucepuu Blzcy"rKu. C6yra e B 3arBope- ,HO Ha 3e"'IeHaTa "ltlllllf , NIaJKO IIaA Hefl.
it'

B noc"r'IeAHIiff IIpaBobtr''"rlHuK H a IO)x-

,.:i

HLr o6ynxn, KaKro resu Ha rocnoAap-

it,
Kara r.,i" Tq Hocla KaHa c narepa e 6.[e- HaTa cTeHa e ilpeAcTaBeII npuc.rlV)KHUK,
AOCI'lH I(Bfl'|, qIlflTO Apt'2KKa 3aB-bplUBa c KolrTo ce nplJK"IItollBa peAHuaTa npH
c6c 3oo\,ropolla yKpaca Be'pof r- BXOAa. llpe;1li 4a ce ornpaBIl KI'II ro-
rro flpororre Ila >KllBOrllO. cllefi rtH cno,xaplrre cu, toit BAl4la BIlcoKo x,qa-
ro uBera, ll ABara rl3c6pa3eHn c.t.- \,luAa B r'IflBaTa clj p'bKa, 3a Aa fl onpaBu.
Ad ca 6nmt or cpe6po B AetlcrBll- Tq e oxpoBa, c nypn)/pHl4 celNleHrll u
re.rilocr. cneAeauara )KeHcl{a Qnry- .n y KoB rirl H a Q Il 6 1';r a . fI p u c.n -rt xH Ll K'br I o -
I

pa, nbpBa Ila rolKHara creHa, e 06- cH K:L,ca 6n,ra ryHnxa, YKPaceHa c Ka-
,'IeqeTla B qepBeHa Aa"II\{arUKa c 'rep'- cpnen op6ut<o..rri Ha pa\tellere lt Ao,n)i
Hti N,rIaen. B AACllara cu, tlporel- rd 16]{Hn 6po4rapaHu HapaN'rHIluu. Pt-
1laTa Ilacrpalin or rfl.IIOTO, p'bKa KaBIrre ca A'b,rlflJ, npaJlenHaJrl Il ca
re r{ocl.I oKaqeHa Fla 3 BepH)KKI'l K)/TI1fl o6ltxo,reHu trp1] KLIrKara c ABe nl{poKll
3a napQlrx{u" Tq e c'bcratseHa or 3 Kacpfltlu,'IeHTlt. flaHra.tollhre n o6Ve-
50
Krire ca KaKTo np14 Apyf r4Te x{b>KKti
Qlrrypn. Zua 4t,rra pyca Koca,, Koqro
nal.a Ha paMeHeTe H e oTpq3aHa rrpaBo
B uHJI 6perou Ha qe/'Ioro. X,rauu4ara,
KOflTO AT,p)KIZ B p:brleTe CIZ, IIO IIBflT n
VKpaca e HIeHTHqHa C X,'raMr4AaTa Ha
focnoAapq.
Pe4lr ua npucryx(Hr4rlr4Te or AqcHara
cTpaHa Ha focnoAapfl SanoqBa c )KeHcKa
Qrarypa, KoflTo orzBa K:bM Heto. O6"tre-
qeHa e B Ab,'rra craeo-6qraryHLrKa, yKpa-
CeHa C:L'C 3er'IeHI4KaBO-qepHI4 USIa\n. Ha
trllIgra e c N{t,,TT o6ptu Karo Kor'II4e, a
Ha yur4Te c nep,'reHr4 o6eqH. Kocure ca
npaBrz, ]KB,'ITO-Kasner, OTpfsaHLI Ka-
ro 6peroH ua qe,'roro r.r naAauIH Ha pa-
lreHere. Kpaxara, o6yru B rrepBeHr4
o6ynxrz, ca HaA Ao/THara .paMKa, npeA-
craBeHn B nepcneKTHBHO ABrZ)KeHrie.
flponopuunre ca yAbJr>KeHr.i, eurypara
e crporiua. Tg HocIz to,'IgMa 6ana xtp- fypH.
il&, naAau{a or r'rqBoro ir pauo }I ro- Ha fl3ToqHara creHa, B ABe no-Ma/,IKr4
KpHBauIa H3rlqro Jrs.Bara ii, urexo cBlrra B IIaI{a, oT ABeTe CTpaHI4 Ha BXOAa, Ca
.rraKera, p6Ka. B 4acHara cv, cBI4Ta B r,rso6paseu 14 KaH1eJra6pu cr,c 3arraJrelrn
.rraKeTa, p:bKa Ttl npr.rAbp>Ka ApyfaTa
crpaHa Ha T'bKaHTa, yKpaceHa rro Kpau-
urara c 2 xopu3oHTa,'rHr4 KaQffBU JrH-
Huu" Marepriqra BepoflTHo e noKpr.rBKa
3a I\{aCa IIJ'I.I4 TOar'IeTHa K6pIIa. Cne4na-
u{ara npxc,'ryx{Hr4 qa oT nbpBoTO npa-
BOT,|'E,J'IHO naHO Ha CeBepHaTa cTeFIa, e
o6,reqeHa B A6r'Ita Aar'IMarLiKa c tttl4po-
KH pbKaBr4 B OXpOBO-qepBeH rIBqT C
r{eper,ruAeHoqepBeH14 r4Bur\u. Tq Hocr4
B AecHurrara cH. ro,'IflMo 6pousono otd'Ie-
.la,Io c'bc cIzHKaB UBqT, a JrtrBaTa pbKa
c .rreKo pa3nepeHu npbcrr4 e cBura npeA
f6pAr4Te. furnre pycri Kocu, c[ycHa-
rri Ha KT,ApU HaA paN{eHeTe, ca pa3BeTr]
or ABHlKeHaero. Ts aua ABe rpuBHrz Ha
fqcHara cn pbKa, o6zxHoeeHu6enu o6e-
urr Ha yrrruTe n e o6yra c posoBo-qepBe-
Hn o6yexz. Kpaxara ca HaA paMKara,
pa3rBopeHn e 6rpso ABr4)KeHr4e HanpeA
Ilo locoKa K:bN,r IIeHTpar'IHaTa f pyna.
Ornpanun ce B cbrqara IIocoKa, Ho Bce
oue c o6t,pHaro "TI4IIe KbM IIocd'IeIHutr
npHcr'Iy)KHIlK, e Cd'IeABaUIZflT Cd'Iyfa"
O6.reqeH e c Kbca 3r'rarucrooxpoBa Ty-
HrrKa c ropKBa ua npdra, Ha KoflTo ltt{a
.rrrcroo6pasua BhcyJrKa. B p:brrere clr
HocI4 ctbHar ri,'raul- yKpaceH c xaQa_
nu op6zNo,'ru, Nor?ro Moxe 6a e cmHa-
Hara ryHhKa. Cnyrara e c Kibco rro_
crpriraHa Koca Karo rocnoAapfl cz, o6yr
e B rraHrailoHr4 u o6ynNH. flocne4nuar
npHc/'ry)KHUK npx BXoAa e o6neqeH no
cbrIIHfl HarrHH, caMo qe TyHI4KaTa My e
B qepBeH r{BflT c xaQnez KoHrypu, a
raHTai'roHr.rre oxpoBrz. Ha ropNBaTa Ha
Bpara My e oKaqeHa Bucy/.rxa eln Qop_
Ma Ha no,'Iyl,Ieceq. Ha ABere ctl noi'Iy-
npoTetHaTl4 pr,qe roli Hocll to,,rflM II3_
BLIT KO,IraH, CTetHaT oT qeTup14 TecHI{
N{erar'rFrr4 fpHBHr] H 3aB:bprxBaxl B ABa_
ra cn Kpafl c MeraJrHI4 ToKrr.. Odpasr,r
Ha TO3II IIpICC,'Iy)KHItK Ce pa3,rtvqaBa oT
ocraHa/'IlITe IIo QuHeca Ha ,'Iullero u
npliqecKara. flponopqur.ire Ha Qarypa-
Ta CbUIO Ca ilO-Z3AT,r'I>K0HLI U nO-CrpOti-
Hr.r B cpaBHeHrle c Apyture lmxxu
Qu_
cBeuIH. I(aH4e,ra6plrre r.iMar Br4coKa rro-
cTaBKa c )KI4BOTI4HCKI4 JrailI4, B6pxy
KOqTO Ca HaHr43aHLI HffKOTTKO KyXIZ Me-
TailusecKr4 rorrKr4. Hari-orrope, no cpe-
IaTa Ha ,'ryHoBI4AHO pa3rxHpeHa qacT,
Bbpxy Merad'rHqecKa npbqKa e ga6ura
cBeulra, oKoJrO KOflTO Ca ilpeAcTaBeHr.l
p ear'I LicTH rI Ho f p o3AoB IZAHLITe HaJ'Ie II 14 OT
pa3TorreHza BocbK. flocraeeHr.t B c6-
rrII4Te 3e/'IeHI.1 paMK14, KaKTo aso6paxe_
HHfTa Ha tocnoAapxre v Ha npI4c/Ty>K_
HI4rlIITe, NaU4e,ra6pnre, HTO n/'IaMb-
q14
qn ce HaKJTAHfl,T KT,x{ Cbnpy)KecKaTa
4noliNa, IIo ro3u HaqLIH ce cB:bp3-
Bar c vzo6pa)KeHu ara or ocraFIa,[LITe
creHu Ha rpo6Hrzrrara.
Ha cno4a ce cpeurar zso6paxeuza Ha
xopa,_Ha nTr]rlr4 r.i )KzBoTH14 14 Ha pacTe_
Huq. B 3arra3eHrlTe 59 no,reta T utotuea
ce noBTapsr crepeorr4[Ho, a Apyrri 2
MOTI4Ba ,'IOBbT H IITI4 TIUTe
BapHpaT"
-
Zso6paxeHuflTa -
Ha rlBerfl, n,ToAoBe u
IITHIIU I.IMaT CBOeTO CIIMBOJIHTIHO 3Ha-
qeHlre 14 Ce CB:bp3BaT C HAeqTa 3a paF' ,
K0qro cnopeA crapa rpaAHur4q e fpaAH-
Ha, 6olara c il^tr4rJu H r{Berq. Morzetr
Ha nayHa u runt6Hre noAlrepraBa nAeg-
5t
'T'zr 3a He6ecHa'ra rpaArlFlzi. lla"q,\,rara,
rpo3llbr n Hap,l-'r Llxrar C:bu_lo cBofl clli\l-
BO,rlHqeH CN'tLtC:b"rI B e3nrlecKoTo LI3Ky-
CTBO
- [a"[X{ara, KaTo cLi\IBo,rI Ha IIo-
6ep,a:,a, f po3A'br-ua He6ecgo 6,raxeH-
crBo 11 Hap'br -- Ha 6escnrcprue. Bcaq-
t(t:t Tel3Il 14OTIIBIl Ce BTl3IIpHeNIaT tIIIJpOKO
ll ts )/Kpacara Ha xpucrlrf IlcKhTe na-
xteTHflqll , KbAero nTfiuHTe ctl\lBoJll-
.llrpa'l' AyruhTe B paf, a nayH'bT Beq-
Irocr'u 6escntrprtte. - ro Ha rpnlrv$xpaulnfl LiMreparop. Ka-
IJnxorl or pacrllre"Illure t\loruBt't B yKpa-
cara Ha cBoAa uNlar a6crpaxreu xa-
Ilar{Tep }1 cJ'ry)KaT rr'IaBHo 3a AeKOpauuq.
'laKr,e e rvrorlJB'br or qerrpl{ uBRTa, pa3-
no.[oxieHH Kp'bcroBIlIHo, 11 lo,rl fln{oro
[BeTe C r'I'btlll .
.loxalo npu noBeqero rpo6Hnqn B yK-
pacara Ha creHLlTe vI cBoAa ,{lJrlcBa
qoBeulKara QHrypa, KaKTo Hanpul{ep
rpo6HHr{ure nph Aneruypuynt, I'1sunx,
6pecroeuN Lr xpl4crilflHCKHq HeKpotto"I
or CepAH xa (c u3K,rroqeHne Ha rpo6-
HLrua Nl 9), n Cr.rlucrpeHcKara rpo6-
r]UUA LIOBCITKATA QNTYPA AOI{HHHPA HC
carto B yKpacaTa Ha CTeHUTe, FIO e
3ae,'Ia Mgcro u Ha cBoAa" Tyx cHx{Bo.rlnq-
Hlire nso6paxeHufl ce cpeqar SaeAHo
c p€a.rHr4 $urypH B cIIeHu or 3eMHlIfl )KIl-
tsor. flpencraeeuu ca qerlrpH Qtrypu
ta .loBllrz; TpHTe "rlOBt{H CUeHL{ Ca
p03I1Oa'IO)KeHli B ABe OTAO/'IHI'l IlOJIeTa --
B e,qHOTO e npeACTaBeH /'IOBeUbT, B
jIJlvroTo AI4Beq6T: JIeOnapA, MeqKa, l"'IPi-
T'aH. r{ernrpruflT JIoBeu e caNr, c ABa
.r1'bJru np:bra B p'bl-(e" ILIuali4ep Ao-
tlVCKa,.'ie Ca np:bqKU 3a ,'IOBeHe Ha IITH-
u11 11 T:bpc11 IlrLIrI.aTa Mex(I)/ IIBerflTa
B CbCeAIloro IIo,1e.40 ,/losHnre clleHll
uNar TflCHa BpT,3Ka c nplipoAHHq Ae-
xop, r.{SnrrcaH Ila CBOAa, C XoiirO ce
rlBrItsaT ABe LracTII Or eAHa o6ua cueHa
B -vKpacara Ha cBona ,roBHara reNla e BIlTlle, KOeTO BOAI4 I{arIa,'IOTO CU OUle OT
Nro)xe 6u. nar)i-eaxunnr l.roruB. Cnope4
LUHaulep rori uMa nptiKo orHo[IeHlte
Kbhr tocnoAapn Ha rpo6uttuaTa II, IJ3o-
6,oazneafit<u eAHo or 3aFItlN{altuflTa rla
BnnHr.iTe IIpelcTaRfiTe.irH Ha MecT]laTa
u6pxyrxKa, rorl JlonpI.iHacq sa counail-
r r.rfl npecru>K Ha norpe6aHI.ln co6crse-
Hi]K.
. at
JZ
L4zo6pasnBaHero lJa ,'roBllH eueHu e "rtru-
6ltr,ia reNla B plll\'tcKoTo n3KycrBo. cra-
Hadra oco6eFro nony/'IflpHa rpee 3. eeK.
LLIupor<o 3acr:bneHa B yKpacara Ha cap-
xoQasn, MosairKLi u Apyru naxrerHl4t{u,
Tfl Ce fl.BP,BA CHMBO/T Ha pIIMCKIIR UAea,'I
3a N{'b>KecrBeHocr r.i xpa6pocr.al B pHnr"
cKara r.iMneparopcKa uxonorpaQun re-
X'IaTa 3a lepOUqHrIf ,[OBeU e C]IMBo,'II'J-
qeH o6pa3 ua 4o6po4ere.[Ta I BeJ'lI4qI]e-
TO KOHHITK-,'IOBerl e I.i3o6pa3eH u rpa-
t<uftcxusr Xepoc, BT,pxy quIITo o6pou-
rla [d'roqKr{ qecro ce cpeular n Qpusone
c 6op6n Ha )KI4BorHr.i. B paeuoxpilclurH-
cKoro r.I3KycrBo BbBexAaHero Ha e3u-
qecKu TeNtIl H KoMIIo3HIII{H craBa o6LI-
qatigo fl8,'IeHlIe.az B Mosarir<H, mpallop-
HII Od'trapHLt Macu, pe,TI.iKBapl.{14 tt AP.
r'iOBHI{Te CUeHH npOAT,,'I}KaBaT IJ\A Ca
npeAnoqrlTaH ClO}KeT, KaTO Beqe ltn4 ce
npLiAaBa HoBo cLtMBO,'IlIr{HO 3HaqeHtie.
Cera,roeeu6T cr4MBo,'III3tlpa Mot'b[lecr-
Boro Ha 6oxecreeHllfl Bi'IaAere"'I Ha cBe-
Ta H no6eAara My HaA ,'IoIxHTe cvrrl1,.
,rloeHlrre crreHH or cH,'IIJcrpeHcKHTe cre-
HOnUcll CT,IIIO He NlOlaT Aa H\{aT Ca\rO
AeKol)arilBHa croliuocr. Moxe 6u re
tiso6pasaear cl{eilll, BAt,xHoBeHil or pea-
,leH,'lOB, B KOIITO OCBeH COIIHa,'IeH' e
Bd'IOX(eH H no-At,r6ox ntIlTo,[oluqecKH
cMLlcbd'I . kIzo6paxeHllflTa Ha ,'IoBul'ITe,
OT CLIa'IllCTpeHCKllTe CTeHOnHCIi Ca CXe-
N4arr.trlHr.r, Tperr.rpaHero Ha Qnrypnre u
ApexLrTe e cyN{apHo, Ho He3aBItcHX{o or
TOBa I4 BblpeKl't CHMBOT'IhqHaTa CT,UIHOCT
Ha.itoBHUTe CIIeHll , Te CbA6pX(aT LIH-
repecHa uHQopuauun u or 6uroe xa-
paKrep.
fexoparuBHara Kol{no3auus Ha cBOAa
e cr,craBeHa or pa3Hoo6pa3HLl l\to'rl{Bll,
Kollro ca pe3y,'ITaT Ha eAHO Abr'IfO pa3-
e,'IllHhcrl.jltecKaTa enoxa. ocuosHara
rlAerr e B ropHara 3oHa Ha rpo6Huqara,
r.e. Ha cBoAa ir Aa ce l43o6pa3n ue-6ec-
HrIs'r pair, KoIiTo La ce orAe,lH OT
Il,nlo3opHoTo 3eMHO g2ngttl€, [peAcra-
BeHo Bt,pxy creHure Ha rPo6Huqata.
Bp'r'oxara A4ex(Ay ABere qacrlt ce oc:bil1e-
eTRflBa qpe3 .4rcHerHTe. c USO6pa3eHI'I-
Te npupoAHL{ MorIlBI4 rlrliul4 14 uBeTfl, HABA OT C314IICCKATA B XPIICTIIgHCKATA
-
Te ce cB6p3Bar C MOTLIBATe OT CBOAa, a, rpo6unuua )KIrBoIIac, K'bAero 3ana3Ba
oT Apyfa cTpaHa, oco6eHusr cuMBo- cLIN{Bo"Tr4rIHoro clz 3HaqeHue. Taxa B ABe
,tuqeH xapaKTep Ha N'roTI4BIZTe foBopu rpo6nr.rqu or crapoxpucrllflHcKIlfl He-
3a Bpb3Ka c Ao"'IHara 3oHa. Kponorr Ha Cep4uxa, e rpo6nnua Ne 1

B nrcgera Ha t/'IaBHara creHa e npeAcra- cpeul,aNre nayHH oKo,'Io Kp:bcT B'bR Be-
BeH Xepa,'IAuqeH MoTLiB IIayHa, r-reu r4 e rpo6HIzqa Ns 9 Basa c ABa
- ce K'bNI lo-
cr.iMerpriqHo tpu6nulKaBaxlv '.Ba
-
rcnr'6a.tb floeeqero aBropll cB'bp3Bar
,'IqM KaHTapoc, oKor'Io xoliro ca pa3- N{orIiBa ,,ravHu oKo"'Io KaHTapoc" ot
np'bcHarn ceo6o4no K,'IoHKI4 c lrBerfl-po- Cn,rucrpeucKara rpo6nrz4a c IrAeflTa 3a
sa. B Apyruq d'IFoHer JII'tIIcBa zso6paxe- 6escnrcprue u BeqHo 6,raN<eucrno. E4tiu-
Hue Ha Ba3a. flpe4craeeuz ca caMo crBeH llluari4ep o5prula BHHMaHue, LIe
Aea rb,'rr6a Mex{Ay po3li. Morne'br xaH- nayHr4Te ca 6nnu ou1e B ApeBFILi Bpe-
Tapoc, Q,ranNIapaH or ABa nayHa, e MeHa cl,n,rBor ua 6orarcrBo tt Ha pa3-
4o6pe IIo3rIar KaKro B HsKycrBoro Ha Ko[r, a Karo nrrzlru ua lOuoua u Beuepa
OpveHra H Ha tpbKo-pzN{cKI4ff Ky,'IrypeH croflT B TflcHa Bpb3Ka ctc cear6eHnq
KpT,l, TaKa kI B XpIICTI'IffHCKOTO u3- o6pe4 v 6pat<a, 3a Koero cBuAere,rlcr-
KycTBO. Ba r4 yKp acara Ha cear6eHoro caHAbqe
B ,rrcuerure Ha ro,'IqM 6pori rpo6Hi4lrll ua flpofieKTa.aG ZuesHo B 3HaqeHl4ero
ce cpeqa xepar'IAliqHuflr A{oTuB ABa crl Ha 6orarcreo H Be,'IHKo,'Ierue uzo6-
nayHa, Q,rauxupaulll KaHTapoc, KoIxHH- tqo il,rri cB:bp3allo c 6paxa, nayHIITe,
qa, xpu3Ma vJrLr Kpt,cr. Bntecro nayHlz cnopeA [luari4ep, ca orpasL],'IIr Ba>KHa
HJrU 3aeAHO C TflX Ce [peAcTaBflT 14 t'b- CTpaHa OT lOCnOAapCKaTa C:L,UJHOCT FIa
n's6vt. B ocHoeara Ha ro3lt t{orllB ,{e- norpe6auara cr'npy>KecKa 4eoriNa. Ka-
Nlr uso6pa)KeHLlero Ha Ba3a c ABe rITII- KbB e 6nn uaucrl.rHa cN{lIc'b,'I'ET Ha Mo-
qII , KOeTO BOAil HaqaJIOTo cH oT ed'IllHu- TuBa, npeAcraBeH B /'IIoHerHTe Ha Cri-
crnqecKara enoxa. B esuqecNnfl HeKpo- ,'rucrpeHcKara rpo6uuua? Aanu e lr3pa-
ro,'r or AnemypuyM B /'IIoHerLITe Ha rpo6- 3flBa,'I HAeflTa sa 6egclr'bprne il"'IV e 6vn
Hr4rlu A IV12 rz B IItr ca npeAcraBeHlt CLIMBO/'IilqeH 6eler 3a BucoKoTo coul4a'I-
nayHn. flpuuepHre or 4. BeK ca no- Fro no/'rox{eHrre Ha rocnoAapHTe Ha rpo6'
uuoro6poriHu. B rpo6uuqara or tr4zurtr< HLIIIaTa u Ha npIZTe>KaBaHHTe oT Tfl x
ca yKpaCeHI4 C rrnt 6u oT
JIIOHeTI4Te 6orarcrea? Mox<e 6n B cIiMBo,'IuKara
ABere crpanfi Ha xpII3Ma. Ha eAHara Ha o6pasa ca 6unn cbrleraHl4 Ir ABere
Kbca cTeHa ca HapI4cyBaHLt ABa nayHa 3HaqeHI4ff.
oKo,To ro"TflM KaHTapoc, no4o6eu Ha Vxpacara Ha r'IloHerlzre e xou6uHupana
cl4"'IlrcrpeHcKLrfr. Ctu1ure Mort4 BIz ca 3a- uc opHaMeHru. Brpxy cBer,ra-
rrBerH14
cBUAeTeJIcTBaHLI U BHflKO/'IKOKbc- Ta ocHoBa Ha llod'ierara Izl{ ca pa3xB'bp-
HoaHrI4qHz rpo6uzqn or Co"ryH. B sa- ilnHn uBerfl c:L'c c'bplleBuAHa Qopl'ta, c
naLHHrI ;rloHer Ha rpo6utltrara B VnH- TbMHOqepBeFIa fopHa u cBeT.rIopo3oBa
Bepc14 TercKHfl KBapTa/'I e npeAcTaBeH AOd'IHa IIO,'IOBIIHa I1 CIIBO-3e"'IeHA OCTpO-
ro"TflM KaHTapoc, $,raHNupaH c ABa nay- B'bpxli Jrucra, K,'IOHKIr Lr II'bnKI{. flo-
Ha, AOKaro n rpo6Hliuara ua ,,fo6pun 4o6uu qepBelrr4 rrBerff c KTToHKI4 ce cpe-
nacrr.rp" a e rpo6uuqara Ha Eecroprnii ular Lr B yKpacara Ha rpo6HLiuara n
nrr.iurlre ca r"snr6u.a3 TaNusa ll3o- flroe4ue Lr rpo6urauu Ne 4 u N! 8 or
6pa>NeuIza ua rl.nt6u ce H3IIoJI3Bar H CepgnNnficNun HeKponoJI. Po4Huara
B creHHaTa yKpaca Ha ABe rpo6unqn Ha To3H MOTHB ce T'I,'pCu e cuputlCNo-
or flnoeAvB, LarvpaHl4 or 4. nex, rom- eII4IIeTCKI'1fl Kpt,f Ha e"IHHHCTIiqeCKI'1 fi
6ttnnpauu c IrBerHI4 MorlIBI{.aa llayutr r.r3roK. I(om6riHupaH c Apyrlr Mort4B14,
nO CBOeTO CeN{aHTI4qHO CT,AI'pX{aHI'ie' rori ce pa3npocrp aHtrBa n qn,roro Cpe-
KaTO CITMBO,'I Ha 6escN{tprl4eTo H Karo AH3eMHoMopI4e or 2. sex HacaM. Ll-lrrpo-
eQeKTeH opHaMeHTa,'IeH o6pae, npeMu- Ko pa3npocrpaHeH e npe3 4. BeK ts

lril
fpo6Hnr{r.{re h KaraKox{6l4re.,[onlptun-
paHero Ha ro3r4 MorrzB n rpo6nu ra-
MerHHur4 e c'bBCeM ecrecrBeHo. Or el-
Ha crpaHa, rori ce flBflBa xyAo>KecrBeH
o6pas Ha ue6ecnnn pair, a, or Apyra, Mo-
)Ke Aa ce cB.r,p>Ke c o6zqan rpo6oeere
Aa ce yKpacflBar c po3r1. Karo po3n ce
T:bJ'rKyBar v qepBeHr.ITe qBerfl or
r'rncrpeHcKara rpo6HHqa.
f eo.ue mp uq.Hu o p Ha.Me Hmu
K:sn,r eneueHTuTe or BTopara rpyna, Koli-
ro o6xeaular reoN{erpurrHH u apxureK-
TOHIIqHLI MOTHBH, npHHaA/'Ie>KaT npa-
Bo:bt'b"IFIIzre Iror'Iera (oprocrarH) er,pxy
cTeFIHTe, Mpe>KaTa oT oct,lo:btTllTIHIZ_
rIH 14. OKpT,X{HOCTH Ha cBoAa V fpeAo_
peA'br. f pe4ope4t,T cr,c cBoflTa r4Jrro-
3ufl 3a rI/'IacTIlqHOCT nOApaN{aBa Ha oHe_
3n HanperrHH fpeAn B apxr.rreKTypara,
KOHTO IIOqHBaT Bbpxy cTeHlrTe, 3a Aa
KpenrrT T aB aHa u n oKp HBa uJlr4 Ia rroAA.bp -
)KaT epKepHoro pa3nupflBaHe Ha fop_
Hr.rs eralr{. B rpe4opeAa Ha Clr,rncrpeH.
cKara rpo6nzqa e rpeAcraBeu apxnreKTy-
peH e,'reMeHT, KoIiTo l.rNra ga qe,r I\a
3aila3v flcHo cIIOMeHa 3a qoBe[rKoTo
>Kl4l'rzule. Tosu e,TeMeHT qecro ce cpeu1a
B AeKoparr4BHara clcreMa Ha rpo6Hurlu
or e/'ILlHucrl4r{ecKara elloxa. y Hac B
yKpacara Fra I(asau,rr,ruNara rpo6uz-
ua cbulo e r43norT3BaH st6qecr MorLlB,
3ana3uiT uanibrTHo xapaKTepa sa ftouufi_
cKHff s:b6qecr opHaMeHT.{? Tagu apxH-
TeKTOHI4TIH a n4efl Ha Kd'IaCUqeCKaTa u
oco6eHo Ha e,'IHHllcrr.IqecKara creHHa Ae-
KOpaqLIfl Ce 3aIIa3Ba B.bB Bl,TperxHaTa
AeKopauufl H Ha peAurla rpoduH rraMer-
HI4TIL{ OT pHMCKaTa H KibcHoaHTI4qHaTa
enoxa. 3aceu4ere/IcrBaHa e B HflKo/t-
xo rpo6uuuu or 2. BeK B lOxua Py-
cna (rlaHruNanerl),a8 CpeqaNre rr B eA-
Ha or craure Ha KaraKou6ara npu Ma-
garat al-Djedideh e flannanpa or cpe-
4ara ua 3. BeK4e, KaKTo rz n rpo6uz-
qa A VI, or Broplifl [epvoA Ha HeKpo-
IIoJra Ha Anelrypzynr, xoriro ce Aarrzpa
Me)KAy 200 u 300 r,50 V Hac, B yKpaca-
Ta Ha Xncapcxara rpo6uzqa, ca orKpn-
Tr4 CJreIr4 oT fpeAopeA, cBT,p3aH C AO-
rrT,JrHuTeJ'rHa npenpaBKa B AeKopaqnq-
54
Ta Ha rauetgHKa.sl
Hai-6nusr,K xpoHor'rotnqecKr4 r{ rro Ha-
:rrH Fra oQopnlaHe Ao rpeAopeAa or
Cn,rucrpeHcKara rpo6urzqa e apxnrex-
rypHuqr MorHB e rpo6uuuzre lpu Zs-
Hr.rK (Typqnn)r'2. H Epecroenx (Cue-
AepeBcKo, IOrocnaezn)53 or 4. eeN. KaN-
Cra_ TO npn Ha[II4 fl [aMeTHIJK, qe,IIaTa Ha
rpeAnre ca 6enu, yKpaceHz c KanKr4:
Tpu KanKu, 3afpaAeHx c no/'ryKpbfr'ra
JrrlHr4fl, e tr4sHnN u trer Ka[Ku e Epe-
croBuK. {oxaro e Cu,rHcrpa crpaHrzq-
HaTa rr/'rocKocT Ha fpeAr4Te e o6afpeHa
B TpI4 peAyBaIqH Ce UBflTa: )Kb,tT, cHLr 14
oxpa, a 4o,rlHara crpaHa e xa$Re, rlepeH
a KepeN{r4AoBoqepBeH, np14 f peAopeAa
B nocoqeHl4Te rpo6uuqn ca Iz3Iro,'I3-
BaHr{ rro ABa qBaTa 3a cTpaHr4qHHTe
I.i 3a AOJ'IHlITe II/tOCKOCTI{: >Kbr'IT LI pO-
3OB OTCTpaHII H C:bOTBeTHO 3e,'reH fi ',lep-
Beu orAo/ry e ZsHnN; qepBeH H 3eneH
li x{:b/'rr H crlrf e BpecroBr4K. Aeere
rpo6uriua rroKa3Bar - o6u1rz qeprr4 c Ae-
KOpar{nflra Ha cznzcrpeHcKara rpc6-
HLIqa LI B H3rIOr'I3BaHeTO Ha OCHOBHI.T
e"TeMeHTH OT CTpyKTypHllfl cTH,'t, KOe-
TO HaM14 pa X3pa3 B pa3qJ'IeHqBaHeTo
Ha cTeHrrTe Ha npaBoT,tbrtHlr naHa-opTo-
crarn. E4HaNte en AeKoparr.rBHnflr
npI'IHUIIn,3a,'IelHa/'I B yKpaCaTa Ha CBOAa.
Bropunr apxrlTeKToHHrreH reoN{erpr{qeH
er'IeMeHT HaMHpaMe Ha cBoAa. Toea e
r{pe}KaTa oT KoHUeFrTpHqHr4 Kp.btoBe,
KBaAparH u ocMobt'bjTH14rlr4 c qeTap14
KoHKaBHz creHr4. B ro3lz Haqr{H Ha
AeKopupaHe ua cBoAa ule rpa6ea Aa
BHAr.rM eAHa npex{HBenrzqa Ha Kacer-
HaTa cucTeMa Ha noKpr4BaHe B fpt,Ko-
pr.rMCKara apxureKrypa" Tosn N{lruB
ct,uo e IIo3HaT olqe npes e/'IHHI4cTI4r{e-
cKara e[oxa. flo-xlcno to orKpfiBaNre
B r'rHoro rraN{erHuuu e PuN{ u na L4sroN.
B r.nap. ,,Bflra rpo6uuqa" or via La-
tina e PHx,r (159-195) cBoAr,r e
noKpHT c N{pe)Ka, no4o6Ha Ha Ha[rara
rpo6urzua, o6ave e r.I3IlbiTHeH n/'racruq-
Ho c rIIyK, a II'b,'IHe)KT,T e c pe,reQun
QurypH.ut flp, cBoAa Ha eAHa rpo6-
Huqa or via Appia rraK B Prlnrr (oNono
200 r.) xpr,ronere u ocMo'bt:b/'IHLrU,Idre
ca H3IIb,'IHeHU CaMO C paCTXTe,THI4 MO-
rnBrr.s; I4lra oue e.qHa pa3.nrlKa xrer{A_v
cBoAoBara yKpaca Ha reslr ABe rpo6-
FuIqLl li Clr,'lr.rcrpeHCKsra-: r,p'br-oBere ca
TOJKOBA'I-O,IIEN,IU, L]C J{BAAPATTITC CC
i),6qr NrelKr,\r rsx. i'4rroio no-Snnsxa
AO teo'\,ierpurilJ trf 3"r1e\ieHT B cBoAOBaTrl
AeKOpalliifl rra Cpi.uuctpetrcn tra rpo6uuria
e )/Kpacara Ila cBoi{zr iia apKoec.ruti tr I tr
e eepericr<ara Karar(onr6a ila snta Top-
.norirJrr e Fur,r or 3.
-4. BeK, Kr,,4ero
Il'b,rlHe)K'tr'r o5a.ie e oct,to.rIbrlilH 3ee31u. 5'j
Crurara ;eKoparuerra cxerra e lr3norg-
Balla II 3a )/KpitcaTa IIa xaraxortSara
.,Cs. Ile't'T.p u 1'"taDrj.eiLI1l" n Pit:t, K'bAe-
TO yKpacaTa Ila cEoga Ha aoi(oco.rlliti 28
B 3oHara na Nicerus uNrurupa Kacr^TLr-
paH 'raBaH.;i Bmpe liHocrra. Ha ocrro-
'bl-'br'llIlllltlTe 11 KpblCBeTe e l13il6.lHeHa
c posern. IlalrerunK'L,r ce Aarlrpa or
cpeAa'ra ua 4. nex. Ceo;1{ltse'te Ha rpo6-
Htrqu're oT cEoNreFraTLrs Beqe HeKpoIlo"ri
npu Anevvpu),x,r e Typqun ca rperup.a-
HH nO C'bUlIifl Ilaril,IH, KaTO ]rpe}I{a oT
ocNro:bi'rr.rillur{lr u KBa,!pa.TrJ (ipc6Hr.r-
uu Atrl{5,A iil"6,nAVIr) rrnu or npe-
cr4lrauiu ce oKp:t,)i{ llocrl.r (rpc6Huqa
A VI,,). Hono6en hrorrJB ce cpeuia rr Lrar or NraJKr.r oK'roroHri" Cnopeil LIJi,-
y Hac B e,{Ha arpapcxliucruflHcKa rpc6- liaxep u:c6paseuure qoBeLUKll cpnrl'-
Hr.rrta or CoSun (Npanr na 4.- 5. eex), pu ilpeAcraBfr rreceuure cr KaneHAapa,
K'L,Aero yKDacara rra cBoAa e oSor-areua
c N{eAa,rrboH B clieAaTa Lr c LieTupL aH-
Ie.r]cK11 o6pasa B 'bf,,tlrre ;8 B rpo6rru-
Llara or Wznnw )KlrBonrJCTa iJa cBo,1a
npeACTaBfl \rpexia or KBaADarh, ofpa-
HIILIeHil OT TeCHLI qepReilU "rllIIIUi.i Il H3-
rrb,rlFreHu c po3errr c pa3.tu.rna cFopnra.
B rpodunuara or Fpecroeur, KaKro npu
rpo6nuqara c'r Cu,qucrpa, ToLiKr.rre rra
ilpecurlaHero Ha KBaAparr.lTe ca ro-
KpnTIl C KpblOBe, HO )'KpaCaTa B KBa-
,{parllle e e4uoo6pa3Ha, cbcroLr ce caNic
or elrra Lrerlrpli,Trrcrrra posera. B c'b-
ulara lpo6Huua rr,ucKoBere ca pa3pa-
6oreurr Karo KoHrteHTpriLIHu Kp:btoBe B
LlepBeHLr, cHIIH r.r LlepHti 6arpu, AoKaTo
npaBHTe iurillIH IIa KBa_4parlrre ca r]pe-
AaAerrrr a cno6o;1eH 6Hcepen r{ir3. Cr-
rIilflT N{OTLIB \{pe>Ka CT KtsaIpaTLl
oKp't,xitIocTli, -oTKpl.lBaNIe u B \103a UL] -
r.1
HaTa vKpacz Ha qacT oT np'bcTeHoBl,rA-
H1.rfi cBoA (cecg III n Xi) ua NraB3orefl
Ha Koucrzluqa e PHri (cpelara Ha 4 "
eex).5e Ao ueq )ioli";e Aa ce Hapern Ir
NIO3AULIHII'IT CBOA ts'bPXV IO}I{HATA I]UIUA
B porolrAara ,,CB. I-eoplu" e Co,t y'H
(400 r.).ouiZ r.u'N oKllbx(Hocrtire orcrr-
qaT :bfJUTe IJa KBaIDaTUTe n no TO3rt
Haur.lH ce oSpasl'aal ocI'toblbnllllurt c
rleTI,IpIl npaBh tr qeTrlpn xcHKaBFILI CTe-
rlil , Lri,rr4ro rioHTVpH Ca rlpSAaAeHu c
Br.rrreHorlepBeHL{ iIltH.ttu. B rsx ca BIlu-
CaHI,l C ilO-CileT"rIC Ll no-T'irLIiloCilllbO OC-
\robibJHlIII,ll c qeTujlll KoHKaBHI,I CreHLl
B cmcronrrre ca lleo6paseHLl pe3rTuLl-
Hil nTlt uu, il.[i]lloDe, Ba3l.l , uBeTfl IIa
3.rrareLr $cu.
,D,exopa'r'uBHara cIJCTetta IIa raBaHIlTe
rrpellrrHaBa H B vKpacara tta lto3alixute
oT noAoBaTa HacTIl,rIKa Ha IIan{eTHLlUIl
or 4. n 5. sex. [Io,xoenre uosatixu or
SaHq e Anerrypntrnr (Nsrr 5. eex) tt ot'
Axeureq (eperrero ua KosclauruH Be-
lrrNu) ca eAIIIT ol uafi-eade"rexure'rrtn-
re npnrrepu IIa rosu Bun yxpaca. B
Axsrrrer 06aqe br.IIltre Ha qeruplt'bIE,II-
Hr,rLlLrTe, B rjpeAaTa Ha KollTo ca pa3no-
,rro>Ker[l T]a3"rilrlrHu Srirvprt, ce IIpecil-
a He ca or,{,e.rrHn $uryplr o'f e;Iua npo-
r-1ecuf 3a IIoAHaCuHe Ha 1,apoee.0'
Muoro 6.[rtgrx ilai]aneII Ha cxe]tara
Ha Cn,nitcrperICKIrfl cBo,[, ttDa]ACTaBfl 11
vKpacaTa Ha ,.lopH uil" Nto:laHqeH noA
e cocf uficxara qtpKBa ,,C8. CoQnn".
Torli ce Aarupa or Kpat{ Fra 4. H,itll HarL
ua 5. eex c r\'roHerlr Ha Apxa,1ufi.63 OQcp-
tleFl e oT qeTllpH'L,lb,rllluu.ll , qullTo'bl-
"[il ca npeceqellH or l,ta-riKli ol{DE,x{l{o-
c'lLi tr{our',rprnle lrNr ca ollepraHLI ct,c
CUHKaBO CllBtl Kal{bqeTa, a BbTpe Ca
BntlcaHU 5e.nu ocl,{o't,r'b,nHLruH. B ueH-
Tspa Ha OKl.lbli.,HoeTLITe IINIa I{a4)trBC-
LleptseHU Kp:blqeTa, a B ocllo'bl'b-rlHtlurlre
ca ltsoSpaseun pa3,rruqttu \TorlIBlI Ha
qepBerr H r<a$ne Qou. ilopagu ue6pex-
Hara H3paSorxa nso6paxeHuflra ca He-
flcHH 11 lle \loraT Aa Ce OnpeAe,lflT TOLII{O.
HanpaeeuuflT nperr'reA noKa3Ba, qe Ka-
cerilpaHara \/Kpaca Ha cBoAa Ha cH-qn-
crDeHcKara rpo6uurla e BAbxHoBetIa or
trtr
crapa xyAolKecTBeHa TpaAlruHn, qne-
TO pa3BnTHe N,lOlKe Aa Ce npocr'IeArl B
TeqeHLie Ha HflKoJtKo cro,'rerufl. A{troro
tuHpoKo npllJTox<eHue, KaKTO Ce Bil)KLa,
Ta3r4 AeKoparuBHa cr4cretra go6uea npes
4" eex, rsti xaro He ca[,ro e ortoBapr-
na Ha 3acr4Jrv,nr4fl ce npe3 To3u neplroA
BKyc K:bNr lbpceHe Ha neKoparuBHLr eQex-
TII LI teHepar'Iu3upaHe Ha NlOTIlBIlTe, HO
e 6nna z noAxoAflula pa\rKa sa uso6pa-
3flBaFre Ha uAeflTa 3a oTB.bAI{r1fl CBtrT
u B Ila\leTHltrlll oT pUIlCKaTa u KbcHo-
aHruqHara eroxa, oco6euo e rpo6uH-
ulrre c x{rlBonrrcHa yKpaca oT apxUreK-
rypHo-opHatrerrra,rrHrr \rorlrBtl" B rrr_\
raHara ca oQoplreuu r.1 rperupaHli no
pa3"[r.Jqerr FraqnH" lloeeqero ca orpar]]t-
LreHU C plICyBarrrl UBeTHU nHHHLT illIr
rup"rlflFIAn (Auerrypnyrr). E4uu or rflx
ca II3trbr'IHeHu c pa3Hor_lBerHr.r 6arprz,
Hx,irlrrlpaun nbcrpa upanropHa o6llr-
IroBKa (uacruara K:brrla or y"rr. CoNpar I

KaKTO B e3I4r{eCKI4Te, TaKa Il B XpHCTrl- e Co",r1,u, HflKolr Kepuerrcxn u Cepllr-

rHcKItre nat{ernlttlli. -]'xpacara ue e 6lr- xr.rricxu rpo6Hlrqu, X rrcapcrcara rpo6-
Ia pa3npeAe"qeHa B cTpof apxureKr)/- Hr.lUa u Ip ). llpu ,1pyrr rrpaNropHara
peH peA. CnaseHa e cahro cltcrerrara or HHKpVCTaLIUff e lr\luTHpaHa IIO-1igy1g3-
OKpT,)KHOCTU Il IIpaRobtb.rnjH no,rreTa c Ho qpe3 flatra c no-npocTa feolleTpuq-
BILICaHIJ OKTOTOIILT, KaTO BnltcaHtiTe B.bB Ha H,n,y pacTllTeiTHa ),rKpaca, ct,cTotjuIa
B:bTpelUHocTTa rit,I MoTI,tBLI Ca pa3no- ce or polr6ose c BnllcaHu Kp:btoBe tr
rTolKeHIz 6es ot/'reA Ha HflKaKBI,I npun- elr6.trelru, TLrpcoBe, nrrJuu u Ap. (B pe-
uHnH 3a peAyBaHe. cronriK, I4surrx)" Or xpncruRrrcKara eno-
tr4 raxa, B uHrepilopa ria rpo6uuuara xa ca no3HaTu I,t HOfo IIpur,lepH oT KaTa-
lroraT Ia ce pa3f paHnqar ABe 3OHr.l, Nolr6u e Pfilr, or tra.'rNraqufl, flauoHua rr
cnopeA xapaKrepa Ha IeKopaTuBrrure xpucruqHcKlifl HeKpono,'r n CepAnxa.
NIOTABLT B TflX: toprra 3oHa cbc cBoAa ri B rrsNou rpo6rrlrr(n or 4" BeK yKpacara
J'IIOHeTIlTe, yKpaceHII t.laBHo ct,c crc- Ha IlaHaTa BK.rrK)r]Ba ocBeFr teoxleTpLIq-
)Kerr4 or rrpupoAHufi cBflT (pacreunn, Hrl u pacrllre,rrHlr oprJanlelrru lr rfnrypan-
nrHI-lH Li >KHBorHu) r.t ,qo"'Iua, BK.nloriBa- rtH uso6palKeHIIfl Ha eIIIHIIT{H14 qoBeuKtr
ua creHLlre c uso6pa>xeHr.rgra rIa to- Qurypri (rpo6HHrrnra ua LukosGa H Ee-
cloAapcKara 4notilra, npLIc,'I\/tara u crclprlrir or Co.,r1,u) rr.nu uenu Koxrilo-
npeAlrerure, nspa6oreun or rloBeuKa 3utluu (rpo6uuqara or I1.uoe4rra65 u
pbKa. Toea pa3AeJ'rflHe Ha ABe xopn- rpo6uuua'ra or Cu.;rricrpa), Koero ttl
3oHTa/THU qaCTI{, noALIepTaHo U C JTHHHT{- Ao6r'IU>KaBa ilO Aer(OparLlBHoTo rl3Kycr-
Ta Ha f peAopeAa, c:bBnaAa He carro c Bo lra pHlIcKure xararolt6lt lt r'lJ or-
rraBHLIre apxnreKTypHrJ Lracru ua rpo5- .rlllrtaBa or r.rHKpycTauLJoHIr11fl CTII.[, npH-
HI4rIaTa, Ho oTpa3flBa u HAeflTa 3a He- "[o]KeH ts KepqeHCKHre li cepAlrKrificNrr
6ecHnq cBqr B yKpacara Ha cBoAa 14 rpo6unuu.
3A 3EMFIOTO }KH"TINUIC B YKPZ]CATA IIA B Cn,rucrpeHcKara rpo6unqa B to"rrerrlr-
-
creHnre. Pasnpe4e;reHrlero Ha yr(pa- Te naHa, pa3fpaHuqeH14 c qepBer-rrr paNr-
caTa B Ao"'IHaTa 3OHa B IIaHa Ce nBflBa Klr, ca Bnr.lcaHri IlpaBo'bt'b/'IHI.1ull C'bC
npe)KllBer'IUqa Ha e,rlHHIlCTnrreCKaTa Ie- 3e"[eHr,r KOrrTypn r.r Bt,Tpe B TflX Ca
KopaTLIBHa CHCTe[,ra, KoETo B )KUBOIIAC pa3no"nolheun Qlilypa.rrHure Hso6paxe-
oTpa3flBa crpyKrypaTa Ha creHara u 1llifl. llo roslr HaLrun re u3t"rlex{Aar
ro-cneqilaJ'IIlo Ha uetlHuq uoK.b.rl . Ta- KaTO KapTUHII C IIapI1C)/Bar{H 3edTeHll
3LI AeKOpaTtlBHa Cxe\ra, I,t3BecTHa KaTO paNlKll . npuKaLreHU K'bl1 cTeHLITe C ftsO3-
,,lilrKpycraqtloHeH" rlirLr,,crpyrctlrpeH" AeH, llNrr,lT}lpaHll C TOr{K?L
cTHJr, Hax,rIJpa IIpIirTO)KeHIle Ilpe3 e,rlti -
HIICTHqCCKATA CNOXA KAKTO B CTCI]HATA Peanuu
yKpaca Ha xuJruilrara ([e"troc, llorrneri l4eoSpaxeHrtrra Ha tocrroAaplrre r.r rex-
u IP.), raNa u Ha rpo6Hrilirrre" THnrt,]eH HtlTe npfic"r\r)KHHuu oT cn,lHCTpeHCKlrTe
o6paseu n TpaNHn e KasaH,tybtlKara crerronnoi AaBar 6orara lrHQoplrarlua
rpo6Huua. Muoro aHa,.rorr.lu HaN{upat,re 3a rJcropuara Ila KocrK)Nra n pes K:bc-

56
 HoaHTLrqHara enoxa. Tyr< ca qpKo Haro- Ha yKpacaTa ,,mutatio vestis" e
cTpLrpaHH BcrzrrKr4 ocHoBHr.r BHAOBe Ape_ 6nusrx Ao Hatulrfl" KapaH4zulr orHa-
XV, HOCeHI4 KaKTO OT npeAcTaBuTe,,IIrTe cq nrosar?KuTe KbM TpeTaTa qeTBbpT Ha
Ha BLtCI]JaTa Kilaca, TaKa LI OT XOpaTa 4. eex. 7o
c rro-Frurcrr coqliad'reH npor{3xoA. fo_ Or urrxere c Abr'Ira ryHnKa e o6,reqeu
cnoAapflr e o6neqeu no puMcr{H o6pa- eAHHcrBeHo rocrroAapqr. Herupuuara
3eu c ryHnKa n xilauLl/.a. Xnarrrngara IIpLfCJ'IyIKHI4IIII HOCRT Kl,Cfl, AOCTHtau{n
e Abr'Ita, [rHpoKa, 3aKoIIr{aHa Ha Aflc_ AO KO,TICHETE, IPCNACAHLI TYHI4 KH, C L'LJI-
HOTO paMO CT,C 3/'IaTHa Kp6CTOBLIAHa lLI, TflCHO IIpH/'IenHar'IIZ p'bKaBr4. Tpn-
Qu6y,ra. Cruo raKaBa xJraMrII\a, 3a- Ma oT npuc,'ryx{Hr.rqrrTe ca c no-cKpOMHr4
KOnqaHa cbc cbrrlufl Tnn Qu6yna, L.sp_ ryHr4KLr, 6es yKpaca. Cauo npr4c,'ry)K-
{u B pT,Ka eAHH OT npricJry>KHr.rqnTe. HLTKTT, xofiro Abp)Kr.r B pr,Ka xJraMkr1\a-
Karo fopHa ,4pexa xJraMkr1\ara npuAo- Ta Ha focnoAapfl, HocH TyHrzKa, 6oraro
6uea oco6eHo 3HaqeHr.re npe3 Terpap- yKpaceHa c ta,rroHrl npr4 MaHuleruTe rr
xr4nra r{ HaBr'rrz3a uupor{o s ynorpe6a c op6rar<or'rlr Aoi'ry H rope. OrHoeo N{o-
He caMo Bt,B BOeHHnTe V ,'IOBHI{ CIIeHLI, sarixnre or llzaqa ApnaeprzHa Hh rro-
Ho I4 B'r,B BceKLIAHeBHI4fl )KHBor. Hocz Ka3Bar uuoro6poriun napane,Tr.r Ha pa3-
ce or IIUBLIT'IHLI t{ goeHHH JtHIJ,a c BLIcoKo uoo6pasuH lo
Qopua, pa3Mepr{ rr yKpa-
rroJrolKeHrie. llpes ro3rz fiepnoA Tq rpe- ca ryHr.rKu. Vnorpe6ara Ha op6nNonu-
T'bpnqBa ocHoBHr.r npoMeHr4 ntn eopua_ re B yKpacaTa Ha TyHr.rKaTa, KOflTO Ce
Ta cH, KOLTTO qcHo ca oTpa3eHn B MO_ Bb3npl.reMa B Kpafl Ha 3. BeK or etnrrer-
sar?xr.me or fluaua Apuepnna.66 Tyx cKaTa Apexa, HaMHpa mnpoKo npuJro-
HapeA c xrTaMriAr.r oT no-cTap]]1.n Tr4 rr _ )KeHrIe B rlqr'rara r.rMnepr4fl npe3 4. BeK.
IXXpOKI{ n 3aKpbfr'IeHIZ AO,TIy, Ce qBq- Or cpaaueHuero Ha pag/'Il4rlHlI IIaNIeTH14 -
Bar u rro-Ab,'rrt4, c npaBrz pr6oee. Vxpa- qu ce ycraHoBqBa, r{e yrrorpe6ara Ha ro-
cara i ce cbcrou or opHaMeHTx c npa- 3r.r MoTt4B B yKpacaTa Ha ApexaTa e Tr.r-
Bo:srr,,'rHa Qopnra (tabulae rrJtLt rdptrov) nhr{Ho 3a MoAaTa OT BTOpaTa H TpeTaTa
vrJtn Kpbrr'rr{ AHcKoBe orbiculi, qerB'bpr sa 4. gex. flo.{rrz KbM c:brqoro
Kot4TO HocflT o6qo Ha3BaHHe seg- BpeMe ce IaTupaT n cetMeHTuTe B:bB
menta. Taxaea e x"rraMr4Aara or crleHara Qopua Ha cBacrr4 Ka, c KaKBHTO ca yKpa-
fo,reuHnr /'IoB, yKpaceHa c ra6,rHou tt ceHa xJ'raMHAlire or Cu,rncrpeHcKara
op6uxo,rz. @opnrara Ha xr'IaMLIAara Ha rpo6Huqa, a cbrqo I{ Ko,TaHr4Te Bbpxy
rocnoAapq or Cu"rzcrpa rroKa3Ba qeprn, TyHHKT{Te.
xapaKTepHr{ 3aBTOpaTa nor'IoBHHa Ha I(rcu ryHuKrr c aHa,'rotliuHa Sopua i.t
4. eex. Tn e no-4b,rrta, c ilpaBlr pr6one yKpaca or op6uxo,ru HaMr.rpaMe B xr4-
4o,{}, yKpaceHa c ra6nuosrr B.bB Qoprua norefl Ha Trebius Gustus (or cpelara
Ha cBacrI4Ka. E,tn3ru flapa/'Ieau Hkr sa 4. nex).71 B rpo6uurrara Ha Encrop-
rufi n Co"rryH (KoucrauruHoBa enoxa)
Kbcu Te, npenacaHLl C KOr'IaH, CBeT/'ILl
ryHLlKt4 Ha AerIaTa Ca yKpaceHrz c op-
6uwonu LI i'Iop, a MaHIrIerLITe Ha p6Katsu-
r,ara, rocnoAapffT or CunucrpeHcKara Te- c ABa trrnpoKlr raJroHa. O6,rexnoro
rpo6Hnqa Hocrz ryHHKa, eAHa or Hali- Ha Eecropruri e Karo Ha tocnoAapfl or
pa3npocTpaHeHHre ApexH 3a BCr{qKH CHnucrpa ryHnKa c op6uxonz LI
paHroBe npe3 repuorta B.-G. nex. Ty_ xr'raMLIAa, 6oraro yKpaceHa c ra6nuouu.
HuKaTa e AbJrfa [oqTH AO td'IeSeHLITe, Ktcrz npe[acaHr.r ryHr4KLr, yKpaceHr.{ c
yKpaceHa c op6uxo,rv Lr c receH p6KaB, op6uxonz ca 3acBrzAere.rrcrBaH n ruvpoxo
c 4nor?uu tarToHr.r npv MaHuerure. llo- Lt npeg BTopara no./roBrzHa ua 4. BeK,
Ao6un ca ryrJr4KHTe or JrroHera ua Qpz- Harrpr.IMep, B KaraKonr6ara Ha ,,Ce. I(a-
fnAapriyMa B KoMnJreKCa Ha TepMr4Te oT Jn4cr", npr.r KpH[Tara Ha Pecorelle (400
fhzaqa ApnaepHHa, KbAero u clox<erbr r.). Tzflpes ro3n nepaoA opHaMeHrr.ire

57
't
.;
ee npaBflT BCe no-6orarl4.
flo4 ryuuKHre M:bx(ere ol Cu,rzcrpeH-
cKara rpo6uzqa ca 6nnu o6yrn B aHaK-
CUpUAII, BllA CI4,'IFIO npll"IeilHa,'IU Kt'NI
KpaKara rraHTa.[oHr] (4t,rru faulu), 06-
xBaurauril u crbnaJrara.Ts CteuorucnTe
or Cu,rucrpa ca eAHIr or uarl-eax{nltre
r.r3Bopu, r4,'rrocrpl4paulu Sopnrara L1 Ha-
quHa Ha HoceHero I4M. Te ca ce npn-
KpenBa,'I14 K'bNI Tfl,'IOTO C KOI'IaH, KaK-
TO ,'rlrrlr4 0T aHaKCUpHAnTe Ha rOCrrOAapfl,
KOT4TO eALrH npIZCd'IylKHliK A:bpx{u B p'b-
uere cv. AoNaro e lo,'reN{I4fl J'roB or
liuaqa ApuepHua ru Br.IMAaNre HoceHLI
nO BpeNIe Ha ,'lOB, a B'bpXY apKaTa IIa
tt
'a fa,repuil Ir3nor'I3Bauu B'bB BoeHHII
yc,'roBufl, e Cunucrpa u rocnoAapflT, u
..1
/"
'a
.'t npzc,'ry)KHurlnre HocflT aHaKcI4pI4AI4 B'bB
BceKliAHeBnlrfl )KriBor. AuaxczpliAnre ca
6unu qy>KAH Ha pul{cKara NroAa. flp"a-
[o,'rata ce, qe ca 6vtn AoHeceHrr e Fzx'r
OT Ke"lTHTe' C,'IeA KOeTO 3anOrIBaT na
;. ce ynorpe6neat B no-cryAeHr4Te . o6na-
I cTu Ha l4N{nepvflTa.
I 1ufr., N{o)KeNr Aa IIocoqnNI Lr or xlo3ali-
Xeunre HocflT A'b,'rrri ryHuKI4 c rxl4poKu
p'bKaBr], KozTo npn eAHa oT npuc/'IylK-
FrhqKure cruraT Ao Kr.irKIzTe Ha p:bKaTa,
a npu Apyrnre ,'raKera. Tyuzxu-
Te ca npenacaHr4 - cAoKo,'raH noA f:bpAHTe
r.r yKpaceHn c K/'raBr4. fopuara Apexa Ha
tocnoAapKara uaroAo6qea Aa,'rl,IaTuKa
c rxr4poKrr p'bKaBr4. Lne or nplic,ry)KHuq-
KHTe CbUIO Ca O6neqeHu B !,&a'trNIaTUKa,
CTelHaTa C i{OrTaH 14 p-r.KaBu, nppl KOIZTO
e TpyAHo Aa ce pa3/rlitlI4 l\aJrr'L p'bKaBU-
re ca or lur]purlara Ha Ap3xara r4ilr4ca
npri6aseun. Te ca crpaHHo l43Ayrli or
ABere crpaHri npu xaH[ra. da,rl'rarHKa-
Ta, npeACTaBeHa e Cnnncrpa e or rlltr,
xofiro ue e 6u;r unpoKo pa3npocrpaHeFl.
Haft-6nrsr,K napa/'reJ'r HaN'{upante e llua-
ua Apx,{epuHa. flpuc,'Iy>KHliqara or rpa-
nerroBnAHr4s eecru6lo"n ua 6ascK[q KoN{-
r,'reKc, KoflTo Hoclz Kyrlin sa napQrcnrn
uo4o6uo Ha npr4c"rylKHuuara or Cunn-
CTpa, e O6"'IeqeHa B )KT,"lTa Aa.IIMATHKa,
yKpaceHa c qepHu n qepBeHZ KJraBr4.74
AanuarnNr4Te, npeACTaBeHH B:L,pxy cre-
Holrucr.{Te or Cu,rucrpa, ca eAHa orJ'II4rl-
Ha u N{Froro pflAKa u,'ilocTpalllJfl Ha ry-
HUKa, KOflTO C:E,C CI4I,VpHOCT MOX{e Aa
5B
6t4e onpeAe"rerra Karo Aa"rrMarvr<a"
Aattuure sa o6,'Iex,'Ioro ce AoIIbr'IBar H
c uso6paseFrure e rpo6Huuara o6yeKu.
Beponruo re ca 6unn KolKeHu, npH )Ke-
Hr4Te Br4COKn 14 SaTBOpeHU, a npu
\'lT,>KeTe OTBOpeHU CaH,4,a"tIU, 3aBbp-
-
3aHI4 C KaIIlUKLI npn l,'Ie3eFIIlTe.
lc,rqnro pasnoo6pasue HLr npeA.llarar
npilrrecKuTe KaKro np14 >KeHIITe, TaKa
u nplr r,{:b}Kere. Tqxuara uxoHorpacpua
NrolKe-Aa AaAe Bar{H14 ollopHu roqf(pl
3a AarnpaHero Ha rpo6uuqara. trlp"
N{:b>Kere npeo6,ua4aear K'bcure Koc14 vI
BucoK 6perou Ha qeuToro, KCLITo IIptl
fOCnOAapf Ca CbrIeTaHlI C IilaCUBHa I'na-
Ba c Ny6u.rHa 6opn,ra v pea.nucrliqHll
qepTr4, xapaKrepH14 3a K'bcHaTa rerpap-
xuq, a npn npucJTylKHI4lIHTe c no-
Ae,'IUKaTHH qepTfi IIa yAT,,"rI>KeHIlTe OBaI-
HII /'IUqa, U3ll:br'IHeHI'1 B K.rIaCI4lIUCTIlq-
Huq A)/x Ha KbcHo KoscraurutloBure li
ro-K:bcHHre noprperL{.
flapane,ru sa o6pasa Ha rocncAapfl oc-
BeH or co!'IyHcKara rpo6Hurla ua Eecrop-
Kure Ha llzaUa Apl,repuHa. B cr,LIIHre
NrosariNz ce cpeular MHoro npulleptl 3a
noprpern r.i or Bropara rpyra. C'secert
pa3"IIuqHa e npuLleCKaTa Ha npilC'Iy)K-
HI]KA C X,'raN{LlAaTa, XapaKTepFIa 3a ilo-
c,'IeAHLrre Aecern,'Ierllf Ha 4. tseK, Ha
KOqTO IIle Ce CnpeN{ IIO-HaTaIbK clleqna"'I-
Ho. Kocara Ha roclloAapKara e cxpura
no4 sa6paAKara nte Qoprra na rrcpbau,
KoflTo,' KaKTo npuqecKara rHII,,Tlop6aH",
e 6una rI4IILrqHa 3a Ire-III4fl 4. eex u [:bp-
Bure I'oAuHIr Ha 5. eex. MHoro 1nuebN
n ap a,10,1 H I4 n peA.n ala eAII a K:F,CFIOa HTU tI -
Ha NrpaNIOpHa l/'IaBa IIa )KeHa B Nly3efl
,,CB.
'Petiuou4" e Ty,rysa, npuqecKu-
Te Ha nepeuAlire or NtosafiNara Ha Apuo-
liuaua AprreprtHa, AarupaFIIr or
I(apau4uurz Bt,B' BTopara LlerB'bpr Ha
4. eex, ABa )KeHcKU noprpera or Aruua
u Ap.75 Or Apyr ran e ilpullecKara Ila
IlpI4Cr'I')/)KH14qKaTa' KOflTO HOCI4 KyTHff C
napQronrr.i. PasAe"'IeHa Ha nbr B cpeAara,
Tfl C!'IL'3a A,la,lKo noA ylxzTe, oT3aA OT-
HOBO Ce BALIIa Halope, Karo 3aB'bplrlBa
Ha B'bpxa Ha lJlaBaTa c x{a,'I'bK KOK.
Toea e eAHa pa3HoBLTAHocr ua Qpusypa-
 Ta TAII ,,lllJTeN{", KOSTO Ce flBflBa IIpe3 3.
BeK, [rHpoKo e pa3nDCCTpaHeHa ts cpe_
AaTa Ha 4. BeK H Ce 3ana3Bz:l
A_O Kpafl rra c:buJilE Ber(.7ij I-IpHl,reou
KoHcrasrurroBara erroxa riu AaBa H3:,6_
palr{eHllero Ha u,'raAara >IieHa or rp06_
Hrzuara ua Eecrcprz-ft (Co,ryn), opauru_
re or xaraxonl6ara Tpaeone u All. C.s_
qara rrpalrecKa ce cpeqa u e Mrsar?xu_
re ua fIHaqa Apuepaua (cpe4ara Ha
4. eex)
- )r{eHaranorFIeoeIJAure
cKafl Ko\,rr,'IeKC
ee:rn6rola na 6au_
e Mtsaii_
Kara Fra Apnoue, npr.r Ko14ro rran,{rrpaA,,re
ABara Bvtla -- _Tun ,,Tiop6aH,, H TUII
7?
,,,,IIr'Iel\4" sae4uo.
Aee MHoto xapaKTepH 14 arrailotr: n
npflLlecKa rI4rI
,,u_tJTent,, 4atapar or
lll ,
IIpaBU H"rIU;T€KO KtIpaBH KOCI4, rIa-
Aaulr4 ceo6o4uo Ha palreHere H Ha r.:L,p_
6a, c npaB 6perou Ha qe,,ioro. I-lpzue_
Hacfl KT,N{ KoucrauruHoBara eroxa, Ho
I(apau4uHrJ, BT,3 ocHoBa Ha rruoro6poii_
HII flapaJ']e"'II4 OT BTOpaTa IIO/'IOBI4Ha Ha
4. eeN, AOKa3Ba, rle ca u3nT,,'IHeH14 OKOflO
366 r.:_ T"e. B rperara rrerB.bpr ua 4.
BeK.80 flpuuecNlrre He N,rorar
4a ce cBbp_
)Kar rflcHo c oQrzrlua.rlHara MoAa, a no_
cKopo c eAllH HapoAeH crr4lr, xofiro u,Trc_
cTpnpa oTAa/'reqaBaHe oT K/TaCIZqecKa.ta
rpaAzqrzq. Te noKa3Bar crz,ToBa 6nu_
3ocr c ntosatixara ,,Toa,'Ier:br Ha Beuepa,,
B My3efl e fxeii,rz,rR, nrosariNara Ha
fiuaHa n ANreou ts \{v3efl e Tzura4 u 4p.
Ha nptn not,'reA [puqecKara Ha np]zcr,ry_
)KHLIKa, HOCeLU XJ'IaNILIAa B ptUe, A3tr'te>KAa
N,rHoto no4o6Ha Ha pa3trTeAaHllre rIo_
rope npuqecKu. Ts o5aqe ce xapaKTe_
pusLrpa c eAHO no-pa3iT[r{Ho ' BqecBaHe.
llcrlrre npH,'IeilHa,[li Koclr ca BqecaHrz
or HanpeA u 3aB:bpiijBaT Ha r{er,IoTO C rTeKO
rr34)/r 6peron. CrcrpaHrl Te naAar Bbp_
xy yrxnre u ua r.np6a Karo rna4ria
rraca cT npaBlr xocu, [eK(] noA_
BUTn HaB6Tpe, Cr rosu Bn.{ ca flpnlre_
cKr4Te rpenu\,{HO rra N,i.rjaAe\{HTe OT fBap_
Il ilaxoBeTe, IIpe{cTaBetJLI B:bpxy
!\unTa
Itat4eTFruuu oT TpeTaTa 11 IlOCIIeAHaTa
qerBbpr na 4. aeK.Bl
q)r,fl'\/pHTe rra c:rlnpyxrecr(ara
4noftxa
ce or/'raLraBar c 6 trarara ca yKpaca
Ha
H .r'I)rKC? Ua oS,rexntro. ,,lIararHyMb t,,
oKo,'Io BDara Ha }KeHara e dun c:bcraBeH
lto_
oT nep,'Iu fi Apyfu cKt,nf,rIeHHU KaNIbHn,
I43pa3errH LIpe3 x,{a,TKLl 6eneguuKaau u
3erTeH14 KaBu lrBerH14 rlerHa. Manru qra
fra toclloAapq e 3aKo[rraHa c.bc 3,rraTrja
QH6y,ra or r.Hap. ,'ryKoBnr{eFr r4lrn Kp:b-
croBr4Aerr rurr. C.r,rqo raKaBa
@ri6yna
JrHLru l,rHoto qcHo H B.bpxy focnoAap_
CKaTa XltaHTi]fl, KOffTO nOCrfe,{HlIflT npH_
c,'Iy>KHIIK e BAUtHa/'I BHCOKO B pT,KaTa
cH. flpe4craeeHnre $u6ynu npnHaA,,re-
)Kar Ha e4zu 4o6pe Il3BecreH THrr, LrrA_
rr4HoBara enoxa, Karo ynorpe6ara x,ry
ce 3ana3Ba ttpeg IIe,'II4f 4. eeN (e lruco_
pnyxra ua Teo4ocHrl I euclurrar rrr4HoB-
nuK uocrr raKaBa Qu6yna), H rrpoA:b.n>Ka_
Ba !\a ce u3lror'i3Ba rrpeg b. u 6. BeK
(uosariNzre or Paeeua). 3a c:bx<aJTeHae
B cn,Tl4crpeHcKorc ltso6paxeHue He r,rll_
qar flcHo no4po6nocrn, Kor4ro 6uxa uo_
r,'ril Aa Aarupar no-ToqHo Qn6y,rara.
tr4zpa6orsaHu or 6poHs, Qa6y,rure ue-
cro ca 6unu nocpe6paeaHr4 HIru no3,,ra-
Tfl.BaHLr, LirTu l1e,rlI4Te ca 6nnn or 3rTaro.
Cxrnure 3r'rarHa Qu6ynri c fpaBr4paHr4
r'IaT14HCKLt H?!.nucu I7III7 MeAar'IboHI4 C
uN{rreparopcK14 o6paev, Iarr4pau\rr or
4. sex, o6uxuoseHo ca 6nnu noAapflBa-
HH OT r4N{IIepaTopaTe FIa 3ac/'ry>Krir,ru
Ar'I't,)K HOCTUH "InUa.
83
Borarcreoro H'BIICoKoro IIo"rro)KeHLre Ha
59
rociloAapl4re e noAqepTaHo H r{pe3 06-
JIeKJIOTO n HaKLrrr4Te, KOI.ITO HOCflT rIpU-
cJry)KHlII{I4Te I{M. Xeunre HocflT orbp-
r'ruqu 14 o6euu or IIepJII4, fpI4BHI'i or
CK1,II MeTa/'I Ha p'bIIeTe CU. TpZUa OT
npI.{cJIy)KHLiqLITe HMar oKorrlo uiuI'ire cH
cpe6tpHt't Kp:broBe-ropKBH. flpH ABa
or rflx ca HaHH3aHI.r BucyaKn nln Qop-
Nla Ha ilHCT 11, BepoflTHo u3-
IIOd{3BaHI'I KaTO"IyHyd'Ia,
auy,rerU '
8a
Kaxro or6e,rqsaxx,{e oue B Haqad'Ioro,
creHonIzcIITe e CH"'IucrpeHcKara rpo6-
HHua uso6pasrnar npoqecur or cIIMe-
rprir{Ho HapeAeHn B ABe peAull}i npu-
cJrylKHriIIU, KOI4TO C pa3,THr{HIi rlpI4HaA-
d'relKHocrll ce oTnpaBflT KbM eAIiH IIeH-
Tbp focfloAapflT I.{ focnoAapKara
ftrocne4ulzre ca npeAcrBeHli Karo ct,-
npylKecKa 4nolixa qpe3 nocraBflHero I'IM
3aeAHO B eAHO ilaHo,KaKTO fi qpe3 arpK-
6yrnre, KoLITo A6p)Kar B pt,Irere cu.
Mtxtr AT,p)KLI py"'Io, c 6pauHun Ao-
roBop B ABere cl'l pblre, )KeHara e o6-
xBaHa,la c JIflBaTa cI.I pbKa paMeHeTe My,
ac AqcHara Abp)KIr po3a. focno4ap-
cKara 4eoiixa He caMo e IIpeAcraBeHa
uaua6Ho IIo-ro/'IflMa orKo,TKoro npH-
c,'Iy)KH14Ul]Te, Ho U qpe3 nepcneKTI'rBHo-
ro i usHacqHe Ha npeAeH nJIaH e noA-
qepraHo sefiHoro BLIcoKo coqilaJlHo no-
,rIolKeHHe. Or 4eere crpaHll Ha tocno-
AapI4 Te Ca pa3noJlo)KeHv oceM np14-
C,'IyX{HI'llln' OT KOI'ITO qeTl'f pU }KeHI7 H
r{err.rpnMa Mbx(e. fieuure, o6cnyxnaulH
rocnoAapK ara, ca no-6,rllso Ao cbnpy)Ke-
cKara 4nofixa, a 3aA Tflx B Anara KPar
Ha npoqecufTa, cJ'IeABaT npI.rcJIy)KHH-
rrflre Ha rocnoAapn. Xesure HocflT
IIpeAMerr.I, KOLITO Ca CBbp3aHIl C xeH-
CKI4[ TOar'IeT UJIU Cr'IylKaT 3a MIZeHe:
KaHa Ir pa3,'Iar ct4, no4o6eH Ha llarepa,
I.i K'bpna sa us6tpcBaHe HocflT nbpBHTe
ABe npfiCr'lylKHI'lUkI' Olr'IeAa"rlO n KyTLltI
3a napQrour.i cJIeABaIlure. 3a npeAHa-
3HaqeHueTo Ha - KyTLIfTa cbuIecTByBaT
pa3Jrr4qHI{ o6qcHeHuq. cnope4 opoea
TOBa He MO)Ke Aa 6bAe Kyrl'{fl 3a cKb-
noqeHHocrl.r uJtLr napQIoMH QT eJII'IHt4-
crlzr{ecKfi TLIn nopa,.n pa3ill4ql'Iero BbB
Qopuara H B Har{HHa Ha nocesero i"85
Ero sarrlo rall fl onpeAed'Ifl Karo KaAI'I,q'
60
o6aqe MHeHHeTo,
HkrIr.a. Ilpeo6na4ana
qe e uso6paseua Kyratr 3a naPQrcuu.
flo ctu1nq Har{I.IH oKaqeHa Ha rpI'i Be-
-
pnlU, Ce HOCI{ KyrI'IfTa BT'pXy MOeall-
Kara or 6ancwus, KoMIIJIeKc Ha fluaqa
ApuepraHa H B'bpxy cear6eHoro caH-
AT,rre Ha flpotiexra or Ecxen.nHHcKoro
c6KpoBl{tqe. B c'sxpoBnqero e HaMepe-
Ha Lr KyTHfl cbc ct'ulaTa Qopnta KaTo
nso6paseHara, oKaqeHa Ha rpu Bepflx{-
Kh, KoflTo ce e oKa3alra Kail:',Q sa ner
tuuueHqa nap$rollu, 86 Hql{a cbMHeHue'
qe u e Cn,'IncrpeHcKara rPo6uHqa e
uso6pasena Kyrufl 3a naPQrouH. Tq
o6aqe He e c qerB'bprl4Ta QoPua v c
IIpH3MaTI4rIeH KarlaK, KaKTO fOpeoil]i-
"
caHHTe, a ce c'bcTol'I oT Tpll qu,'II{HApI{q-
uu ry6n, 3aBbplxBaql4 orrope c KoHyc
n MaJIKa cQepa. BeponrHo Bt'B Bcel{u
e"'IeMeHT e 6Ir,ro nocraBeHo rlo eAHo
rrrr4[e" B resz uso6paxeHufl e Ba'3Kpe-
CeHa eAHa CTapa TpaAI'iUlIfl' 3aCBHAeTed'I-
CTBAHA B CTCHONUCI4TE I-I BA3OBATA >KII-
BOIIIIC Ha e/'IlIHHCTlIqeCKaTa enoxa '
VuyAnauo 6nusKu c Qopuara Ha Kyrlzure
or caHAbqero Ha flpofieNra u or flua-
qa Apuepraua ca uso6paxeHvlflTa IIa
Kyrnkt sa napQrouu n rpo6Hl'IqHara N{Ir-
Bonllc Ha KasaHJ'I:buKara Ie Ceeulapcxa-
ra rpo6unqli, Aarnpatrln or paHHoeJIIr-
H14crl{qecKara efloxa.87 Kauara 'fiJtv1 oi4'
HOXOeTO CbXIO e qaCT OT pellepToapa Ha
AapoBeTe, npeAcraBeHH B noc/'IeAHIZTe
uIaT B clIeHI.I C )KepTBOnpI4HOneHkre, a
Morar Aa ce cBbp>Kar u c ,,libatio" e:lp-
xy rpo6oeere. KtPnara cburo ce 113no,'I-
3Ba B e3nqecKlifl pnryaa sa us6tpc-
BaHe Ha p'buere c,'IeA >KeprBonpnHolxe-
Hue. lllHafi4ep e cKd'IOHeH Aa npuer{e,
qe e l.iso6pa3eHara KaprllHa no-cKopo e
HaJ'II4Ue CI'iMBOI'Illr{HOTO IIOKa3BaHe Ha
Te3H IIeHHn rIpeAMeTI4 npeA foc[oAap-
Kara, orKOJIKoro Li3BibpuBaue ua Aeti-
crBllero ,,MHeHe Ha pbqere"-88
flpucnyxHllrnre noAHacqr Mbx<Ko 06-
JIeKdro: [aHTa/'IoHII U O6yVXU U X,'IaMa-
Aa c 0u6y,'ra, or Jrfl.BaTa crpaHa, H crr,-
HaTa Kbpna c op6rzKoJru 11 KpacvB Ko-
JraH
- or ArcHara
pa3r'Iur{aBa
crpaHa. I(o,raHrr ce
no QopltaTa cu oT KoJ'IaHa,
HaHI43aH B rraHTaJIOHr,ITe, KOT4TO Abp)Kr.r
B pbqeTe cu eAuHHqr oT npzc/Ty>KHr4-
IILITe. Tofi e ro-Te)KT,K rr BepoqrHo e
6nn uspa6oreH or Ko>Ka, Bbpxy Koqro
e 6nna lpr.rKpe[eHa yKpaca or x{era.[-
Hrl a\ilurat\vv. Ilo4o6un anilLrKaL\vrr
ca HaMepeHr.r B eAHa rpo6unqa or 4"
BeK or Cu,rHcrpa u rro BcrKa BepoflTHocr
ca npI{HaAJIex{aJILI Ha KO,'IaHa FIa IIO-
rpe6a,rrrrn. flpanu BrreqarJreHze oco6e..
Huqr FraquH, rro xorlro npncJryxHr.I-
rlnTe HocflT ABa oT npeAMeTHTe c on'b-
HarH HanpeA pr,rle. CrtHarara Kbprla c
op6uxo,ru 3aKpIzBa Han:b,rrHo pr,Irere )ta
Hoceilltif q npI4cd'Iy>KHHK, KaTO r{e JII.I
rori noAHacfl ultrr npr4eMa Heulo, Koe-
To He Mo)Ke Aa ce BaAH. Ko.tanr,r ebilIo
e rrocTaBeH B'bpxy pbrleTe, KaTo qe ,'rI4
npnc,'ryrKHLIKtT He 6una 4a fo AoKoc-
He. Opcna or6e,rseea caMo crpaHHrrfi
HaqaH rra HoceHe Ha Kbpnara c op6z-
KoJrr.r (cnope4 Hero crbHara ryunxa),
HarloMHrduI p14 TyaJreH )KecT Ha noAHa-
cqHe rra AapoBe c6c 3aKpuru prqe. 06-
cTotTerTcTBoTo, qe Apyf HTe npHcJryx{-
HrlrIU Ca C OTKpHTLI pbqe, rO Kapa Aa
orxBbpJII.{ CHMBO/TI.IqHIZfl CMHC])d'I Ha )Ke-
cra. lllHarl4ep, o6paruo, npueMa, qe
TO3H >KeCT He e Cd'IyqaeH I-t LiMa 3a rIe/'I
LA noAqepTae qepeMoHr.iailHrr.fl. xapaK-
Tep Ha nso6paxeHrzero. brliexa aHa-
JIOIHfl Ha nOAHaCflHe I'II'IH npl4eMarle Ha
AapoBe cbc 3aKpr.rrr4 Prqe npeAJrara
crleHarzr or oQnquaJrHlzre Qpecxrn B r4M-
neparopcKara Kyd'IToBa gaila e IIyx-
cop or ,BpeMero Ha TerpapxKfl.ra, B Koff-
TO Ha LIMnepaTOpa ce noAHacq Ko/'raH
ebc 3aKpr.irr4 pbrre,se Crc 3aKpHTr4 pbrre,
3a Aa He AOKOCHe npeAMeTa, U BHCI.llI4flT
III'IHOBHI'iK noflyqaBa AI'InTI4 Xa oT pTrKaTa
HA HMIICPATOPA B I,IIABHOTO IIO,'IC HA
Mncopuyua Ha Teo4ocurl I" B uaqasa
Ha HOCeHe Ha fOCnOAapCKr.ITe npeAMeTr.i
r.r B orHorrreHr.iero rrM KbM rqx lllHarl-
Aep BLI>KAa rrpeAaHocTTa 14 eTpaxoilo-
qr.iTaHLIeTo Ha npuc/TyfaTa KbM rocno-
Aapr.rre or CunucrpeHcKara rpo6Hzqa"
Kaxso e 6uno Mffcroro Ha cBeqHr.r{r.tre,
rlso6paseuu Ha risrorrHara creHa Ha rpo6-
Hr.iuaTa oT ABeTe cTpaHu Ha BXOAa,
cpeA rrer'ruq aHcax{6tl'I Ha creHonl{cHara
4exopaqun? Vleonupanu ilLr ca or oc-
TaHaJrr.rre rraHa u LaJIH TfixHoTO eALIHCT-
BeHo npeAHa3HarreHr.re e 6u.no caMo Aa
ocBerqBar rpo6uuqara Ha rocno4apn?
Anu u re ca 6unu qacr or rrflJrara rre-
peMoH14 a,'IHa npoqecua, uso6pa3eHa Bbp-
xy creHr.rre Ha rpo6Huqara. I(aH4ena-
6rprr c eAHa sarra,'reHa cBeu BoAI4 Ha-
qa,'roTo ct4 oT- r4MnepaTopcKLIrr qepeMo-
HLIa,'L Tofi ce LI3no/'I3Ba npu BCI{qKLI
Abp)KaBHrr v qacTHvr TbplKecTBeHr.r npo-
qecllu, cJlyx(u ga ocBerJreHIIe B 6orarure
AoMoBe lr n rpoSulrqr.rre. Or yxpacara
Ha e3rIqecKLITe I]aMeTHHIII,IT KbAeTO rle-
cro ce npeAcTaBfl HoceH or npr.IcJ'ryx<-
Hr.rrlu, MprrzBbr Ha xau4ena6rpa [pe-
MHHaBa k B XpL4CTLTSHCKOTO I.I3KyCTBO,
B xuBorr4cra Ha KaraKon6ure u rpo6-
urzrlute. eo
flocraeeHr.r B cbuILITe ge,leHr.I paMKH,
KaKro uao6paxeHrrqra Ha rocnoAapcKa-
ra gnoftxa u [puc,'Iy>KHLIITHTe, B KaH-
gena6pure or CunucrpeHcKara rpo6-
HHrIa Har.rcrr4Ha Mo>Ke Aa ce nuqlt Qynx-
uI.roHaJIHa Bp63r{a }I eAI{HCTBO C OCTa-
HaJ'raTa qacT Ha AeKopaTI.rBHaTa KOMIIO-
3r.rqlrfl. IIIuaii4ep npu6aex cBeuIH14rIH-
Te KbM o6,rex,roro, KoJIaHa u cpe6tpHl.l-
re cbAoBe, o6pasynaulra KoMn,[eKT B
rrepeMoHr.r aila ilpn
npr4cJ'ry>KBaHero. tr lg-
o6u1o, Karo aHaJrkrgvpa KoMnogliqvrrra Lr
orAerHr.rre MoTr.rBr{, [LIuarilep ee oilrlTBa
Aa hM AaAe HoBa r.rHreprrperarlnn" Cno-
peA Hefo yqacTBarqr4Te B T6p)KecTBe-
Hr4fl prtryalr pIJrI4 IIepeMoHr4aJr lTpuc"ny-
Ht4 rlr.i 14 npeAMeTH c/ry)KaT, 3a La oqep-
ragr 6orarcrBoro, coqllaJ'IHoro IIo,'Io-
>KeHr4e lt BucoKoro o6qecrreHo gnaqe-
Hlre Ha norpe6auure" Zu$opMaur4fr. Ba
TOBa rrpeAJrafa u pa3npeAer'reHl{eTo, ?I
orHoueHr.rqra Me>KAy $lrrypure. OrHo-
ureHlieTo e eAHocTpaHHo cr'IyrLI KbM
focnoAapn, LI3pa3eHo'{pe3 - HaABr.IxeHI4er0
n >KecroBere Ha BceKn cayra" Mex4y
rocnoAapcxara 4nofixa il npr4eJ'ry)KHr.I-
rlfiTe, KaKTO rI Me>KAy OTAenHr{Te npu-
c/Iy)KHIIqU, CnOpeA HerOr HflMa OTHO-
61
IrleHlre. lUuati4ep ce cnupa u Fra qBerrrr4-
re aKrler{Tn B Ko,'ropura Ha Quryplne Qasu, aNry/'reru, HaKUru u Ap.e5 Mso-
or Ao,'rHara soHa. B noBTapffHero nJtrl ro xapaKTepHa e cueHaTa Bbpxy caH-
KpT,CTOCBaHeTO Ha OnpeAer'IeHU OCHOBFIH
IIBeTOBe rIepBeHO, 3e/'IeHO, CBCT"TIOCII:
-
Fibo a oxpoBoN{b,'ITO ua 6e,rzn Qon
npH oTAe,'rHure QzrypH - H npeAMerH e a CexyH4yc, Karo rocnoAapflr or Clz-
BI"lSyanr4supaH, cnopeA Heto, KaKTO pe_
A:bT Ha c,Tytl{Te, TaKa LI COL(14 a/'IHOTO no_
/'IOXeHI4e U OTHOUeHI4q MelKAy yqa_
cTBailluTe B crleHaTa.
Crpyqa HH cc, ue llluari4ep, 3aeAHo c.
HOBLi C6ITIeCTBeHLI MONIeHTII , KoliTo trpH-
6aeq xr,M Tt,dTKyBat{ero Ha. AeKoparrI4 fl-
r2, r.iHrepnperHpa TBbpAe eAHocrpaH_
qI,IBO HflKOII OT XIIQTUB]4TC.
Bcruluocr ocHoBHara reMa Ha rpo6uz-
qaTa e Irpoqecl4fl oT -npI4Cr'ryx(Hnrlu u,1H
AapI4Te,'r14, OptaHz3HpaHa oKO/'IO IIeH_
Tpal'rHara cr{eHa Ha c:bnpy}KecKara ABorl-
Ka. Ta3H uxoHorpa@cKa cxeMa, rrHcrr14-
pupaHa oT rd3ToqHo-fp:brlKa rpalr4r\Htr,
ce oQopua npe3 Kr'racHqecKara erroxa
r4 e rxlipoKQ 3acTT,neHa B perleoHaTa
y,rpaca ua ^rpo6Huqre u. capxo$asrz B
Ma.ra Asuq.sl OmyN r.s ce Bb3npuer{a
B >KHBOrrLlCHara r.i c,Kyd'rnTypHa yKpaca
Ha HaAfpo6ng naMeTHxulr . or rleJ'rr.lfl
eJ'IHHLICTLIqecKH cB.f r Elunet, ez oc-
rpoBHa u KoHTnHeHTaJrHa frpqua, IOx-
ua?Iranun, uepHor,lopcKoro xpar?6pe-
xue. V Hac e npeAcraBeHa B ABa Be,'rI4-
KO,'IenFIU IIaMeTHI4Ka XI4BOIIIICTa Ha
-
I(asau,rrrur<ara 14 ua CeenlapcKara rpo6.
nvJ\rr.e3 I-[eurpa,'rHara crreHa or ro,'Ie-
vrnn Spras e (asannr,nKara rpo6Haqa
Ce T:br'IKyBa nO ABa HaqnHa KaTO nO-
rpe6anuo yrouleHrle viln xaro - 6pauHa
I{epeMoHHfl, np}i Koflro npoqecr4fra oT
npHC,'ry)KHarIr4 ce oTnpaBfl KbM CT,npy-
)KecKara 4norlNa cbc cear6euz noAa-
PrUa a ptqe. ea A,reropauHo-cr4MBoJ'rnLr-
HHTe uso6paxeuua Ha ceat6u Lr Ha
6pauHr] 4eofixn or K/'IacqrIecKara 14 e/'tlr:
HI4CTHT{eCKaTa eIlOXa npeMHHaBaT II B
rzMneparopcKo u3Kycrno. Btp-
p 14McKoro
xy MoHerr4 or 2..-3. BeK nprz 6pauHara
leofiNa qecro e npeACTaBeHa rpera,
cBbp3Baqa Qurypa u r'reteHAa concor-
dia, EpauHH 4eorixz qT,c c[,'rereHn [ec:
Hr4 pbue ce cpeulaT r1 B:bpxy peAnua
62,
K'bcHoaHTurrH14 IIaN{eTHHLIII CapKO-
A'rrqero Ha llpolieKTa.eo H:a Nanaxa lry
e npeAcraneHa 6pauuara 4eorixa. flpo-
rieNra AbplKr4 B pbKa 6pauuun ActoBop,
/'I14crpa, e o6,teqeu B TyHLIKa rr MaH-
Tt1fl, 3aKOIIqaHa c toJ'rsMa Kp.bcTOBI{A-
ua Qu0y,ra. L4so6palKeHr4sra B Aor'rHara
qacT Ha caHAbqeTo Ilo cro>KeT 14 Hape)K-
AaHe IIOKaSBaT tO/'IflX,Ia npAilHKa C.bC
CunucrpeHcKr.rre. B apxHreNrypHa paM-
Ka oT KO,lOnr4 U apKaI.H e [peACTaBeHa
ueHrpa.nHara Qzrypa
- flporiexra
II p Cr'I yX(H I4LII<U a n p u C,lylK
14
zll
H Ilq U, KO IZTO
noAHacffT Ha iocrroAapKaTa ca npeAN{eTr4,
ueo6xo4Izuz 3a roa/'Iera t): orneAa,'Io, Ky'
rrrfl 3a napQrcvu, KaHa, rrarepa, caHAbqe-
Ta z Ap.ABaMa npnc,'ry)KHHrlH HocflT KaHAe-
na6pu cbc 3arrar'reHr4 cBeulz. llony4tn-
rlzTe HM KOCII , naAauIH Ha paMeHeTe,
no4o6uo Ha npzclTy>KHJrKa, Hoceul N{aH-
Tr4fl.Ta, or Cu,rzcrpeHcKara rpo6Hzqa,
rroKa3Bar, qe ca po6rz or forcKn npo-
H3xoA. Cun'terpzuuara Ko\{no3nrrnfi Ha
npvc/Ty)KHIlIII4Te, HaCOqeHa KT,N{ |OCI]O-
AapKara B UeHr:bpa, eAHaKBOCTTa Ha
OTAe/'IHIITe N{OTZBII k HarlIlHbT LIM Ha
o6e4uHanaHe B eAr.rH aucau6rn cBt psBa
AeKopaqurra Ha caHAlqero crc Cnnnr
crpeHcKara rpo6Huua u cBr4Aere,'rcrBa
rz 3a xpoHo/TotuqecKa 6nusocr Ha. ABara
rraA4erHIrKa. floee.Iero aBToprz onpeAe-
,'IflT caHAbqero Karo ceat6euo, a f/'IaB-
Hara cueHa Karo uso6paxeHrre Ha de-
ductio sponsae, r.e. orBex{AaHe Ha to-
AeHr.rqara B AoMa Ha Mr'raAox{eHerla.
Cnope4 Hac Harl-npaBAIrBo e rr,,'rKyBa-
Hero Ha [Uuari4ep, Koriro Bux{Aa e ]zio6-
pax{eH14 qTa Bbpxy Ao/THaTa, OCHOBHa
3oHa Ha caHA'L,qero u sa CunucrpeHcKa-
ra rpo6uzrra He eAHoKpareH, a rrepno-
AHqecKr4 noBrapflul ce qepex{ouuan. Jfvn.
cBaT er'IeMeHTLI, KOIITO Aa CBHAeTe,'ICTBaT
3a eAHoKparuocr6urvt e (csar6a r4JrH rro-
rpe6eHlre). Btpxy KarraKa Ha caHAb-
qeTo e npeAcTaBeHa cueHa oT ,,IlcTop14-
qecKu" cear6eH purvar, xoriro u1e ce
noBTapfl npa 6r4eqoro o6c,ry)KBaHe Ha
rocnoAapKara c:bc c.r;ulure cpe6rpnn
cb[oB€. B lrso5paxceHr.rflTa Ha T:E,KaHilTe
U CKt,ItI4Te N,IeTa,'rHri C:bAOBe e CUnuCrpa
el'{ell H LI fl T FI a 6r'I IOA aTe,'I CbUIO e B Il )K -
C'b B p
AA.TI CBAT6CHIi NOAAPA,qI], HO CAN{O KATO
peKBIl3LITlt, KOHTO HanoMHfT 3a cBaT-
6eu pnrya.n. e7
Cresonucure or l(asannluxara rpcl6un-
ua u or Cu,rucrpa H n3o6paxeHuflra
B'bpxy caHA'bqero [oKa3Bar ro.nqMa 6,'Iu-
3OCT KAKTJ B KOMIiO3I]U]JOHHATA CXC-
Nra 6pauH a IBo,;rKa u npoqecuq or
-
npilc"'ry)KHr4r\11 C AapoBe B pbu,e, Ta-
KA rr B xapaKTepa Ha noAHacf HrrTe
IIoAapbrlr4 caHA'brreTa 3a cK:bnor{eH_
rrocrli L1 ApexH, Kyrr4 fl c napQrcllu,
KaHa u lp. Aeere peAr4r{il Ha npHc,'ryx(-
Hnr{nre rz QpoHral'rurer:br ua Qnrypnre
AOtrphr{acflT 3a TT,px{ecTBeHufl xapaK_
Tep Ha cu,eFIIlTe, KOUTO x{OtaT Aa O3Ha-
rIaBar, KaKTo Mlrcr,'Ili LLIuali4ep, eAHo
B:b3trpor43Bex<AaFre ua 4ericreure,rlHo r{e-
peMoHua/'ino 4ericreue.
KoNrnosuquoHHHqr nprlHrlntr Ha pa3Ae-
J'rqHe na Qnryprzre B ABe peAr4rlu H
qyBcrBoro 3a cuMeTpufl u paBHoBecrle
uaN{npar ulr.ipoK np14 eN{ npe3 4. BeK
B e3r{qecKnre 14 xp14crr4flHcKH rpo6Hr.i
naN{erHuI{r4 Ha PHu Lr npoBuHrlrir4Te.
B ,,!,ann$epute" or rararotr6ure
,,CB. flerlp a Mapqe,rlHH", B Hocaqr.rre
Ha cBeulr{14ilu or pucyBaFrara rpodrrvqa
n faprapeur n TpunoJrLr u Ap. BnlKAaMe
npencraBer{a cbulara HxouorpacptKa cxe-
Ma. e8 Hai4-6nusxa nNoHorpa(r:liu
ro c:bAt,p)KaHne AO Cli,'rncrpeHt:Kara
rpo6nriqa y Hac e eAHa rpo6uuqa oT
ll"rOn;1ue. ee Ha I43T9LIFIaTa AT,/'rta cTe-
Ha, pa3Ae.''r€H? H? ABe qacTu, e npeAcra-
Bena notpe6a,rga rparle3a, oKo/To Kofl-
ro B:bpxy rrerHpr.rre creHu ca pa3npeAe-
"rreHn o6pa3ure: MblKKli n xeucxz Qz-
fypli. E4ua or )KeHHre Hocr4 oftuoxoe,
ABaN{a N{,taAe)KLi HocflT cr,AoBe. flcno
ce r{yBCTBa Bpb3Kara Me}KAy Qzry-
puTe, I43pa3eHa B HacoqeHuTe not,'reAI4
KT,l\,r rleHTpa/'rHaTa cqeHa 14 yLIaCT14eTO
uM B eAHa npoqecHq.
B crolKera u KoMno3LIuI4flTa Ha cuilLl-
cTpeHcKuTe cTeHOnI{CI4 e n3pa3eHo cil/'r-
HOTO B,'IIIflHI4e Ha e,'II4 HUCTHtIeCKaTa Tpa-
n'lll\Hfl, HaMepHr'Ia IXI4pOKO lIOfle 3a U3q-
Ba 14 B [ar,rerHr4rrr]Te Ha Tpaxrza. a6ux-
HOBeHO Ce npveMa, qe e,tIIHV3aIryflTA B
TpaNun e otpaHr4lreHa cax{o e o6nacrzre
no Npari6pe>Kr4ero rz Ha rot or Ea,rxaua,
K:bAero sarl-6necral1 o6paseq ce flBflBa
Kasau,'rr,rxNara rpo6Hr.rqa. HonoorNpn-
rara rpo6Hr4ua nplr Cnenlapn, Pasrpa4-
cKH oKpt,r, HeAaJIerl or Cu,rucrpa, no-
Ka3Ba He caMo rIe qn,ra TpaKr4fl. e 6vna
BK/'rrcqeHa B torflN{oro Nolige Ha eilr4Htr-
cTr4 qecKaTa KyrlTypa 14 3KyCTBO, HO
14
r4l'rrocTpr4pa 14 toJrnMaTa xyAo>KecrBeHa
Ha crorisocr Ha rpaKuricNrzre rraMerHurIH,
c'bsAaAeHr.r npes ro3H neprroA. Mecr-
Hara )KnBorrr4cHa Tpalr4r\ufl ce 3ana3Ba
cBe)Ka Ao r<pafl Ha e.rrr4HlIcTZqecKaTa
eroxa (rpo6Hzqara nplr BHsa100), 3a Aa
pI npelKaBee HoB pa3rIBeT npe3 KbcHOaH_
TI]qHATA EIIOXA "
63
 1i) 17 puc,t4tnt-tLLLl(lm.d onl
12 Ilao6pameuue H(l Hama cmeHa. OSrcqena fi4mA p'l)KCI HOcu ?Arlnilo deuorceuue {o,n zocn.ot)ap.
tLhptlotno noLto Ll0 taiil.p-
n pucnarcHu4am& om e d'onea dattuamuxa c o./,redtu'Lo. Kpaxama ca tKLmu Asoitio n0 a m! H u ,ttc nt tt tL.t
u
6
t-L

nlpBotno neHo Ha ce6ep- wupoKu p'6Kasu B 1nc- pa3msopeHu 6,bpso

uqtmo e itoEp-oc,itt1o,
Jl
c -lMacmu LlcntLLIL u
20.1t,u.u oqLt

44 f.rut:u 1\tntait om
uso5palut'tltttm.o LLu c.ttl-
eanra Ccaeprtlnttt ctttt,na
Kocttrnu ! Kbcl troAcmpu-
?ot10 17 pu npc)oaarLcmo
t-!o .rfl.Blmo 0KO x1t0ow-
t-LL.LKbnL c iotttltutt.'L
epcu.ui0 Ot0.to LLtLtim0
t1o( LL nro p K3a L' ,LUC tn.
oSpa:)rLn BucL/ ,Ka.
15 Ilsodpatrctnut' ncr CmcHa- ()5,tt,tcn ( d B pt'titmt ILL trocLL ca.b-
c.rt./etrmu ont t:ptdn.ctrno Kaca tntlnluio tt o5L1nt u tL0nt tr,ulLll o6.opnu.t a
t10Ho Ha (:('8(pHQftra nurLnra,t0tru tt o54t:xt.t. i.1tL(i(.) t-Ltt:tua)

!
:

{
{

I
v
h^.,
1b 17 puc.tLlttcuutlu tL

daa,ra c.tgeu Ceaep-

Httntt atnt ntr HnA tnn.t
ep[daptd LL tncm on
dct;opu4tLntna na toodtt

17 C.tyettrnu om Lnpcmo-
lflj n0HO Ha cecepLL]ma
cftreHu OdnqcneBnrq-
HLLKa u nunma.tcttt. tt TJ

dBtnu: ctL t'Lo.ltlt7pom(,?-

HLLmU p b Ll? tlOCLL eO,ttr.lL
LL:)BLrm. KO.tlti. 17 ponop
L+uLune Ha tpueqpamct cu
cmpoduu

18 Ko.tan !t'nai.t ctm

rlue4pamo nu rtoc.ttOtLun
c.Iaea Ha ceacpHamLr
LntcrLa" .[(o,tanom t us
4Ltn, cmaeHam on7 4emLL-
pLL rnccHLl lLena.tLLu epLttS-
tlu c -tletnu lLLu rnoKu B

K pauulatna
tu":
1!) f .ruccL Ja ntu i.t 0ttj L p L',tr1o H tLa ql.IO n70 Ll
O 50 f .utau ]t' ma lt.t o trl

u:toSpuxen ucmo na tllc- c rtl-()t teLt, po:)poLutHu tLto6pottccnttarno HLt tLlc

,ttc)rtttn c.1!/za Ccatp'
t1tit710 L:tfltttlo ,luu,cmo
(ttLno, t dt'-tttxunirttt,tt'p
fft.u KocutLtt atatbprrtoLt
K!t4t.lpu nttdo on:tal) n0 .tednun (.rItea, Ceocp-
L' t,pttntu t)rt.t t tttulmt tr(rnia ctncHe Cuu,tLt;tt
fl.o p t;6e c 11 rLoo ud nu
t Ha n, tl lntLuntpoa
lJLlt:I,:,1l;A
5L ulloeua c1eHd. Le-
mait om -UKpacama H(L
ceo)a.,,7oee4'6m e Haco-
4I,it KOnuemo cLL cpeu.tll
?,lLteaHa c czceduua
oc.lLoae'6,tHuK

74
Crnroea xaPaIdrepHCTI4Ha
14 AaTI4pOBHa Ha CTeFIOnLicI4Te

He calro allruKBaplurre AaHHU, crcx{e- ro 4o6pe c r:bcra 6e,reguuNaea 6os ca

T:br 11 uNouorpa$unra nocraBffT Cn- IrapucyBaHn )KeHcKIire HaKI4TIl . Vrte'ro
"rrncrpeHcKara rpo6uuua cpeA Hai4-sa- e npeIaAeH 6.nsctx:nr Ha cpe6:sprrnre
6e,rexure,'IHUTe ItaNlerHuuu Ha K'bcHo- c'bAoBe, HqNou or p:buere c:buro ca
aHTnqHaTa eIIOXa, HO I'l CTI]r'I'bT IIOCOLI- -\IoAe!'rupaHI{ MHolo tpu}K.[rIBo, oco6euo
Ba xapaKTepHu LIepTIl 3a nocr'IeAHaTa pbIIeTe, npCACTaBeHLI OTK't,\I lOpHaTa
rlerBbpr na 4. eeN. f]nacrlrllHara Qopma lrv crpaIIa, AoKaro o6lpnarure orKT,NI
102
ce u3rpa)KAa He oT x{LlBOIlHCIIara Illpa A"'IaIll'iTe pT,,qe Ca 3alaTIlaTll Cyr'tapHO.
Ha CBeT,'IOCfl HKaTa, a OT IUIIpOKLITe T'hx'l- flpn rperupaHero Ha orAe.rlHure Qrar,v-
HILrrIrHr4rr Ha KoHTypa, Not?to orpa>KAa prl, KaKTo u npu cBoAa e pa6oreHo c
Qurypure, t'L'HKIlre Ha Apexara, "rIUuero ro.rrfllr 3aNrax. Xapaxrepett AtaHnep e
u Kocure. InuetiHuqr KoHryp e HaHe- rro,raraFlero eAHa Bbpxy Apyf a \'IHOIO
ceH c A:bJrrH yAapu Ha qerKara. @nrtr- qerKlr, 3a Ia 6+'gat rocrutHarl4 no,Ily-
przTe, r4aKap u npeICTaBeHIr B >KIIBLI Il ceuKIITe. KoHr-vpure yNIe"[o ce c"rlHBar
pea"rlUCTllLlHI'1 II0314, Ca TpeTUpaHI'l Ilr'IO- c:L,c ceuKl,rre lI rfi 3acu,IlBar. Toea, NCe-
cKocrHo u ca c 6esuspasHu ruua. il.ua- To rrpatsu o6aqe cu"IIHo BneLIarreHIle,
CTIII]HOCT, IlCPCIlCKTLIBA 11 [POCTPAH- e c'bcpeAoToLreHoTo BHI4\IaHUe tIa xyAo)K-
cTBeHa TpaKroBKa ce cpeular cal\Io npu HLI!<A B'bpXy TpaI{TOBKaTa IIa "TIHIIeTO"
orAe,{Hrr Qr.irypu,101 KaKTo npu c'bilpy- Tyx ce pa6orn Beqe c NIHoto no-cnoxoit-
)KecKara geoHra. I('sn,r ro3LI onlIT ga HA LICTKA HA U]HPOKI] II.'rIOC4OCTLI , TOqHO
npocrparrcrBerro TbpceHe [{o>Ke\I Aa npu- n o6Nruic.treHo ce u3IIlICBar liolpo6uocrn-
6aeuM u r'reKo H3B:bpHarara Qr.rrvpa Ha Te, Karo IUupoKo ce li3IIoJ3Ba II KOHTV-
npr4c"'ry>KHuxa, xoiiro Hocu Apexara Ha to- pr,T. Or,,nNInpecnoHI43[Ia" Ha creHo-
ciloAaprI. Bce naN o6u1ara uso6paszre,rua nuclrre B pI'rNIcKIlre Nararou6u or 3.
TeHAeHUI{f Ha ra3n enoxa e n"IIocKocrHocT- BCK B JIIILI.ATA HA CU.IIUCTPCHCKI,ITE CTC-
Ta Ha uso6paxeHr1fl,Ta. Taxa rptlre Kpa- Honzcu Hfl\Ia u c.rleAa. 'rtruuara IIa npu-
Ka rra rau4e,ra6pure, KVTIJflTa 3a nap- C"T] VN(FINTIKUTC II NPIlC.[V}KHIjqI,ITC CU
Qrorru u r'IyKoBuutire Ha Qn6y'rure ca npU"rIliLIaT, B'L,npeKU p&3r'IIIK?Ta B "rIU-
uso6paseHrz e eAIIa lt,'rocKocr, B]\{ecro HUflTa Ha yCTaTa, BT,npeKU ABI4X{eHIIeTO
Tperrrflr KpaK Aa ce uso6pasu Ha BroptI Ha ror"qeAa. flo orsoueHue Ha npnqe-
Ir,TaH. Ko,ropurrr e cAbplKaH, npeo6'ra- cKara, Ha KocrroNra u uso6ulo Ha Qnrl'-
AaBaT TOII,ilIrTe TOlloBe )K:b"rlT, qepBeH, para lI crolixara uapil o6aqe lo,lqllo
oxpoe. B 4erail"lltre - ytlepeHo e no- pasuoo6pasne. llp.,l ilot,'IeAa ce pa3-
JrolKeFI cl4Hbo-qepHuflT TolL flo-ntcrpa rbBa ilcrllHCKI{ nperJeA Ha KocrK)\'Iu,
e raNraTa Ha IIBeroBeTe B AeKopauuflTa Ha IrpfirlecKll V Ila ilpeINIeTfi 3a AO-
HA TABAHA N FIA "TI}OHCTTITC, K'bACTO Nrautla -v norpe6a .
Qurypure Ha nrllunre, pacreHuflTa 11 Tona, Koero ce xB'bp"Ilfl o6aqe B oqll ,
i'IOBqI{Te Ca XiHOIO I'I3p?3I1Te,''IHU" MuO- Koraro cpaBHl{rl cput'ypnre Ha npxcny>K-
75
 Hurlure c QHrypHTe Ha C:birpy>KecKa-
Ta ABOriKa, e pa3i'rIIKaTa npeALl BCI1LIKO
B nponopqnr4Te Ha rffroro. foNaro npu
npHcr'rylKnuqnre Sopuare ca cpaBHu-
Te/'IHo crpol?HIz, a cborHotueHllsra MeiK-
Ay OTAe;'IHI4Te qaCTH Ha Ter'IaTa Ca IOq-
TH FIOpN{adtHH, C Ii3KJIIOqeHIIe Ha td'Ia-
Bure, KOI4To ca cpaBHrlTer'rHo Ape6un,
npn Qzryp ara Ha rocnoAapfl npaBn Bne-
qaTJ'reHne IIpeKot{epHoTO CKbCflBaFre Ha
Tflr'Ioro IJ to/'Ifx{ara t/'iaBa, Aelicreaua
c TeN{KI4Te cll xlacuBHr.I Qopl,ru Karo
Ny6uueu 6noN. Crulure re3u crujroBlr
6e"resu rroKa3Bar n SurypHTe Ha ,roBurr-
Te B cBoAoBara >Kr4Borrr4c. Bcrr4uocr
ToBa ca crHi'roBLI 6e,resu Ha u3KycrBo-
TO OT erroxaTa Ha TeTpapxliTe n Ha
KoHcraurzu Be,ruNrz. Hape4 c oHa3r4
,rrc6oe Kbx,{ pagKa3Bare/'Illoro, KbN{ Bce-
KT4AHeBFTOTO, aHeKAOTIITIHOTO, HapeA cbc
3ApaBLifl pea/'rH3bN{, IIpOHrr3BaxIH TOBa
li3KycrBO, Hue BulKAaMe BbB Qoplla,r-
rro oTHOrxeHIIe c.brllHTe oHe3LI OTK/'IOHe_
HUfl OT TpaAnquliTe Ha K,'IaCnqecKoTo
rr3KycTBo K:bA,I Herrpoilopur4 oHarTHr.I Te-
r'ra n tpaAmAHu re>KKu xy6zurru tr'IaBu.
Zso6paseuu ca He v1ealrlglpaHr4 JrH-
i_12, 2 xapaKTepnure rpy6u, cypoBu d'rr{-
rla Ha eAHH 3ApaB, HenoAnpaBeH ce/'r_
cKu H npocrorrapoAeH THn. 103 Oco6e-
HOCTLITe Ha TOBa I43KyCTBO HaMUpaMe
NrHoto flcHo n3pa3eHr4 e pe.neQure Ha
Koucraurr.rHoBara apKa e Pur,r, KoflTo
ce Aarupa x{e}KAy 3l2u 315 r. B Hso6-
pa3eHnre QH.vpta ce Bu)KAa qcFro Bce
oue TTHCTO 3arra3eH14 flT nOpTpeTeH TUn
oT Bpex{eTo Ha reTpapxuTe c HT4CKO OC-
TpuraHara 6paga Ha xy6uuHure ,rruj{a,
HapeA c Kor.rro ce flBrBa n rono6pa4oro
3aKp'br"rreHo d'rliqe, xapaKTepHo 3a nop-
TpeTa Ha paHFroKoHCTaHTLlHOBaTa eno-
xa. Tosa 3arra3BaHe Ha crr4/'ra or tspe-
[{eTo Ha TpeTpapxilTe B eAI]H rraN{eTHI4 K,
cb34aAeH B CTrrra Ha 3KyCTBOTO OT
14
BpeNrero Ha l(oucraHrnu, N,ro)Ke Aa ce
Ha6,rrc4aea H B peAnua Apyrtr rraNrer-
HIZr{n rre caNro oT nT,pBHTe Tpr{ AeceTH-
Irervfl ua 4. eex, Ho r4 rro-K'bcuo. Taxuea
RB,'IeH14q lla KOHCepBaTlI3:b[I HJIU apXA-
H3t,l,I Hlie UIe OTKpl4eNI U B CTli"Ia Ha CTe-
Horruclire or Cu,ru crpeHcKara rpo6ult4a.
76
Cresonlrcrrre or cr.l,-rr.lcrpeHCKara rpo6-
Huua ce orHacflT o6nxnoeeHo KT,t{ 4"
eex. Opoea il3xolKAa npeAUNrHo or yKpa-
cara Ha o6,rex;roro. r0r C'uulenpeuerrHo
o6aqe fi3Ka3auoro or Heto npeArrono-
)KeHr.re, qe rpo6Hrtqara ocraHa.ta He-
Ir3no.n3BaFIa nopaAu Haxr'ryBaHeTo Ha
rornre 376-378 r. LaBa ocHoBaHrze
Aa ce 3aKrlor{t4, .le roti ce crper,rH Aa
yroquu Aarr4paHero c terminus ante
quem 376-378 r. B ceoqra ilo-K'bcr{a
pa6ora Bbpxy creHonltcHTe or Cn,nlr-
crpa 105 Oposa ce l3Ka3a no-onpeAe.rreHo
3a FrarlaJ'roro ua 4. BeK, 6es o6aqe Ia
AaAe HflKaKBrr rro-c:bulecTBeHu apfyNreH-
ru 3a 'roBa. Crulo rz M. EopAaluu Hanoc-
r'IeA'bK B\,Iecrri creHolrilclire or Cunlicrpa
B peArluaTa Ha IlaNreTHr.rqu oT enoxaTa
Ha I(oHcrauruu, Karo ce ocHoBaBa Ha
oco6euocrvre Ha cucrex,rara Ha AeKopa-
rIIrflTa 11 oco6euo Karo c'bnocraBfl Ae-
KoparlB{flTa Ha cBoAa ua rpo6Hr4r_(ara c
Aer{oparuBHaTa crcTeN{a Ha cBoAa Ha
Ceera KoHcraHua e Pnn (326-329).
P" BIaaHNlr-EaHAuHerTr4, Noliro nocor{-
Ba[le c:bBceN{ onpeAe,rleHo 3a !\aTa Ha
creijonricr.rre or Cz,rlrcrpa cpeAara Ha
4. eex, c:bc crirypeu terminus ante quem
376 ---i178 r", B rrocr'reAHrrre cu r43cJ'reA-
BaHl1lfl npr.jex,,ra npnHaA.nelKHocTTa uNr
K'bt,r u3KycTBoro or Bpelrero Ha Teo-
Aocrl ri J.
10 i
Brnpoc:or sa AarnpoBKara Ha Cunn-
crpeHcKara rpo6unqa 3acqra u C. lle-
/'IeKaHlIAlIC, KOtaTO pa3f,'IelKAa >{{uBo-
nlrcra Ha KT,cHoaHTuLrHHTe rpo6uuqrr or
Conyu. Zsxo>x4afixu or 6erresu sa cru-
/ToBa rr rzNouorpaQcNa 6nusocr tra to-
cnoAat)cKara 4norixa or Cnnr4crpa c:bc
cTeHOrrHcure Ha Eecroprlreeara rpo6-
Hr.rqa n c rocnoAapfl or cueHara fo,re-
MIifl /.toB, rIpeACTaBeHa B [{O3aUNUre n
Ilaaqa Apuepuua, ffe,rexauuAr4c npeA-
"Iala 3a Haulnfl naNIeTHUK H&rl?r-IOTO
ua 4. eex.108 A Naro rapa.rre,T Ha Qpusy-
pHre Ha po6nre rorl noco.rna $pnsypli-
re Ha >KeHCKHre Qurypu (Aecerre rro-
rruuera) c:bulo or lluaqa ApuepuHa.
3a llHaqa Apr,repnHa rorl npneNra Aa-
Tara Ha flxeHrunz Haqai'roro ua 4"
BeK. Ilol B"rrnflHHe -Ha nplr,'rr.rKara Ha
focnoAapcKure o6pa3li or cIr"'Iilcrpa lI
or rpo6llfiilara Ha Eecropruti JO. B'r-,-
.rreBa ri B. [lono,:a c'brqo Aart'tpar creHo-
ruclrre Ha Cn"rucrpa or partHoKoucraH-
TlrHoBr) Bpe\Ie.10e B. flonoea o6aqe e
CK.IIOHIIA TA AATI]PA IIANICTHUKA IJ IIO-
K:t,cHo, Ho npeAu loTcKllTe HanaAelIIlf
or 376 378 r'. Kaxro or6e"rqsea EuaH-
xn-EaFIALIHenr.r, B \/BoAa K'bNI TpyAa Ha
KapaH4nHIr o6aqe, ufl.nocrHara I'tcropufl
lIa KbcHoaHTliqHoTo ll3KyCTBO e TO"TIKO-
Ba HecrlrvpHa u ro,rlKoBa c"ta6o flpoy-
qeHa, LIe BCeKU X{O}Ke Ia BfpBa, tle ca
HaNrepeHU aplyNIeHTU OT CTU,TIOR Xa-
paKTep B noAKpeila Ha HeloBara re3a.
Heo6xcALIN,ra e ro-cnrypHa AoKyN{eHTa-
ll.Ilfl, -:'a Aa Ce AOCTUIIIe AO nO-TOqHa
AarupoBKa Ha IlaNIeTHuul4re. B rosa or-
HOUleril4e e ueo6xo;1unto I'l3qepnare,rIHo
I{3nO"r3Balle KaKTo Ha aHTIIKBapl{lJTe naFI-
HH r.r Ha xyAolKec'rBeHo-cTH"rIoBLITe oco-
6eHocrn, rara LI unpoKoro IIpHB"rIliqa-
He Ha lrKoHotpaQcxu u cru,'IoBLI cpaBI'Ie-
rrufi or 4oOpe 71arupaHu Beqe ilat,terHtt-
qu " B c"tt1t'12q Nilloro oT ilaN{eTHI'lULlTe,
rocorteHll 0T lopHllre aBTopl4 Karo Ila-
pa,le,rln, 3a Aa OnpeAerrflT /.aTaTa ua Cn-
,IIHCTPCHCKATA fPO6HUIIA, UMAT CNOPHA
AATHPOBKA V,,I|H )/CTAHOBCIIA HOBA TA-
rr,lpotsKa, KoflTo He e B3era npeABuA.
Tara o6uxrtoeeHo 3a \Io3atlKure ua flua-
qa Apuepuua ce npuella Larara Ha
7]xeurlt.nu, T.e. HarlaJ'Ioro 14 n'bpBara no-
,'roBilHa Ha 4. BeK. I(apaH4nHlt, B:b3
n Aeratl,rUu
OCHOBa Ha Uff.r'IOCTeH aHa,r]U3
ua6"'ttorleHnn aHTIIKBapeH h crl'l-iIoB
or
xapaKTep, rocraBfl tl3ll:b-rlHeHIlero Ila
pa3nuqHuTe CUeHrl Or ltosaut(aTa B IIO-
rxupoKU xpoHo,'lolLIqecKLI paMKn or
320 ,lo 360 rogHrta. Cnettna,IIHo
-
Nl03ali-
Kara cAeceme Nrollfirlera lt cueHara Ha
Mutatio vestis rori qarrtpa or Bropara
ro.rroBr.lHa Ha 4" BeK 14JLI ilo-cKopo or
rperara qerBtpr Ha BeKa. 3a cueuara
lo.nennrqr noe, Kblero B:bB $urypara
Ha rocnoAapfr v Ha npcTeKTopa ce 3a-
6e;rr{ssar qepru or n3KvcrBoro Ha rer-
papxuflTa, I(apau4nun nocoqBa Aarll-
paHr.r napa"rle.rlH or Bpellero Ha KoucraH-
TLrH H Ba.neHTItHHaH. Tofi o6Pr,ura
BHuNIaHHe, qe flocotIeHl]re Surypn ca
H3O;'IUpSllU OT OCTaHaJll'ITe H qe TYK llo-
cKopo LINIaNIe eAHO RB,IIeHHe, )/CTaHOBe-
no il ilpLI Ap-vfu IlarlerHllrlu - 3ana3-
BaFre Ha rerpapxrJqe-cKr.i qepTII B no-KtcHH
naNrerHr4urL or 4. BeK, KaKbBTo e cJly-
rraflT u c rocfioAapuTe or cHllrcrpen-
cKara rpo6rtHqa. Hqxou Aax(e AaTIrpaT
TO3H N,to3at4qeH KOMI,'IeKC OT Kpaf Ha
4" -- rlaq. na 5" eex. flo-xrcHa Aara 3a
nogarixnre or fluaqa Apnepuua npue-
ma u A. f pa6ap,r10 Notiro ilocoqBa Karo
Hafi-6,rusLK napa"'Ie.[ 3a Ntosa]iKnre or
6 a Hcx uq KoN{II"'Ie Kc caHA:brlero u a IIp or?ex-
ra (Nparr na 4" eex), B ttrllpoKli rpaHli-
uil rroqril Ao Kpafl Ha 4. eeN flocraBqr
Ir3n:L,xHeHLlero Ha l,rogafiNnre H Ko,'r-
euu, U{epH, 9y6oea, Puuaut4ll u Ap.ttt
Oceeu 6espesepaHoro npueNlarre Ha paH-
Hara Lara Ha NrosariNllre or fluaua
Apnrepuua, cnopHrr ca lI Aarlire Ha tra-
pa,'Ie"Ture, IIocoqeHu or fle,neNauu4uc
3a )KeHcKara Qpusypa or rpo6uuqara
ua Eecropruri. Taxa HattpHr{ep }KIlBo-
Iucra or raraNolr6ara Ha Aouuqu,ra
(o6pas'sr Fra cB. flerpoHe"ra) IIoKa3Ba
qeprrl, xapaKrepHH 3a H3KycTBoTo Ila
BanesruHnaH (364-375). Apy. Kt,-
ceH napa,rel Ha c'bu{ara Qpnsypa npel-
craBs u Qpuslrpara Ha >KeHara Ha
TeoAocnfi I E.rrua @.nacn;la.
-
B Hauero lr3c.rreABaHe npe3 1947 r",
nsxox4ariKl{ T:bKN,Io or crll"noBllTe oco-
6euocru Ha rroprpera n rpaKToBKara
Ha reJ'lara Ha cbnpy)KecKara Aeor?xa H
/,IoBIrr4Te FIa cBoAa 6qxlte cK"'IoHHH Aa
OTHCCCM CTCHONIlCilTC K'bNT HAqA,'IOTO IIA
4. BeK.l1t
fHec o6aqe c,'IeA eAHo ro-u1are"rlHo aua-
,'IU3UpaHe Ha eJIeN'leFITI4Te Ha )KUBOIIHCTa
Hue c\'rqraNle, rre x{o)Ke na ce 4oii4e 4o
eAHa Apyf a AarupoBKa, [o-TotlHa, oc-
HOBaBarr,a ce Ha Apyfl.l apfyl\'leHru.
B c.ryqafl nne rpn6Ba Aa u3.IIe3eNl or
Snrypure Ha npuc,ry)KHL1[fITe, Koltro
c no-crporiHara nportopuuoHa,'rHocr
Ha Te"rlaTa CU nOKa3aT eAliH HOB CTll"l ,
xouro roBopu IroBer{e 3a 143KycTBoTo
oT BTOpaTa ro/'roBlIHa Ha 4. BeK 11
oco6eHo 3a erroxara Ha TeoAocuri I.113
3a uac oco6eH uHTepec ilpeAcraB"rlrBa
Srirypara rIa rtplIc/'r\/>KHUKa or ceBep-
77
rraTa cTpaIIa Io BpaTaTa c oT[paBeH]Jff
Harope ilorneA Kr,\r BHCOKC BJ,rllHaTztTa
x.rraNrula. 3a pas.nnKa or rp-vrrire npLr-
CJ'IV>KHI,IUi'I , KOUTO IIOCflT K'L,CO OCTPUIA-
HII KOCll , HelOBIlTe Ca A:b"rIfU, CI]lrgs2'1nt
ornper, I{a lbcru pecHlr. Te saxpuear
ITo-to"rlfl,\IaTa gacT cT L]eJIOTO, CTAp'bilBaT
CC I]A3AI,, CKPI]BAT YilUTC LI NAAAT HA
[.[eulr.]re. HanpasHo 6nxrre 16pcuJu
TA3]1. CBOeObpa3Ha Xrbx{Ka rrpuLrecKa B
purrcKlifl [oprper. Hail-6,rusxu .vcilo-
pelnl(ri Har'rupa\,re B IlpuqecKara Fra re-
"roxpaunre.rrHTe Ha c.ulrsfia B rtsapAUfl-
ra Ha n\{neparopa, KaKro ca H3o6pa3e-
Hlr B'bpx,v HsKorJ rra]{err-ruqil, Karo o6e-
JucKa ua Teo4ocHfi I r.r Mucopliyr'ra Ha
c:bulnfl r.rr{tleparop.ttt fIpeACraBerr].{ ca
qeTupIlNra Te"rIoxpaHuTeIIl B [l'b,rlHo B'bo-
p:bxeHLre. Kocara nlr e Ab,rlta, riraAKo
BLIecaHa. Orrrpert rfl noK-pHBa no-to.rifi-
t\,IaTa rlacT cT LI€;]O]'O Ii BCTpaHU yurn-
T€, LI3BUBa Ce .rIeKO Ha3aA u ta4\a - Ha
nJelllrre. Clulara ra3n npnLrecKa nocflT
u re"xoxpaHureJr.lre, uso6paseuLr B:bpxv
IrocrahreHra ua o6e"lircKa B l{apnrpa4.1rb
FIo ro3ri Haqr.iH ca npeACTaBerir.i eori-
Irlrr{HTe u B:bfix)r KOHc\/"rrcKIJf AUnTII-
xoH, rlplrrucBaH rra KoHcranuuft tr I I,
oKolo 4i7 f ., Br,pxv r1nnrlJXoHa rra
HeLr3BeCreFl jll\{neparop or cpeAara
rra 5. reK Il Ha eArra or lrosarlrr.rre B
rlr,pKBera Can Bura,re s Paeeua or
Bpexre'r'o rra ICcrnrrHair.
flpuenra ce, Lre nso6paseun'r'e reroxpa-
HHTCJ]H B:L,PXY TC3I,J IIAI,IETIII,IIIN C OT
rorcKn flpori3xo,I. flpuuecxara Ha npu-
c"nylKrruKa or Haulara rpo6Hr.iqa tto-
Ka3Ba ilOpasIiTeJHa npH.riIrKa Lr C UaC6-
palKeHr4fra Ha BapBapn-fepNraHun cr
xeprruil e B'bB Be.lur6lr.lrzr, Kolro ce Ia-
rnpar or neprrola 367 -381 r lli flo- "
;1o6uo Ha npfiqecKr.rre rra teprrarrcKure
Te"roxpaHlre"rrLr or o6e.qucxa rra Teo-
4ocliti, Te r4Nlar rbcrll KocLI ,KotITo noKpu-
BaT VLUHTe lr, ITOAtsUTII HaB'bTpe, naAaT
B6pxy pa\reHere. tr4so6paseHUflr NrJaA
npHc.ri)/)KHUK c A:b.rrtara p-yca Koca B
creHoruca or Clr,rrrcrpa rre e sorirrllx,
He e Te,toxpaHilTeut, HefoBnfT toc|l(_)-
xap Hsxra BoeueH.ruu. Tor? ecaNro rrprr-
c,[r,r;11s11^, AO]\raueH p06, BepHa (ver-
78
na)" M,txetr .rIH Aa npnetrex{, qe HetoBa-
ra oco6eua trpr4qecKa r]3AaBa rorcKHs
xr!' nprlu3xo.l? zxouorpaQcxu rIor"'reA-
HATO, II].]ICA KATO IIATIPABI,IXMC C:L'IIOCTA-
BtrlrrflTa oco6eHo c Mucopnlrl,ra ua Teo-
Aocufi I, e roea lte Nro)Ke\{ ra ce c:bn{Hfl-
BaNIe, OIIIe nOBer{e KaTO c:bnocTaBIlN,l
re3u AaHHr4 c HflKou ucropuqecxu QaxrH
yt cl,6vtust or ucropr.l flTa Ha puN{cKllre
npoBHHrrlir4 rra Ao"rrHHn f,yuan npe3 ro-
Ba Bpexre.
llpes BTopara nol'roBLrHa Ha 4. BeK
Tpaxun 6nna HaBoAHeHa c po6n or
rorcKrz npou3xoA. 3ara4unre roru, KoH-
To Beqe ce 6unn HacraHu,TLI Ha ,'IeBLtfl
6par FIa AyHan, BrrIe3,'IH B o)KLiBeHIl
Bp'b3K14 c puN{cKr.lTe npoBI4HUr4lr OTCax{
l_vHae Tyn 6unu c:b3AaAeHil MHox{e-
crBo na3apHLqa v T:bplKriUIa, K.bAeTo
rorlre rbpryBai'rn cno6o4Ho Ao BpeMero
Ha BaneHra, KoriTo cJTeA cK/rtoqBaHero
Ha N,rupa e 369 r. uI{ orKpn.l caNro ABe
T'bplKHUIa , 3A LA Aa CreAil Tfl XHOTO
N{O)Ke
rBIJlKeHLre.tls E,1nu or f,'IaBHHTe npeAr4e-
TLI Ha T'bp|OBHflTa, pa3tbpHar'Ia ce Ha
Ao.rrHHr dynae no roBa Bpet{e, 6unu
po6ure. B rbproBuqra c po6n 6unu
Brr"rrerelrur oco6euo N{HoropuucNure Qpy-
papcu H raKcuapcu oT pnNrcKHq Ao.rrHo-
AytIaBCKH .rrlrx{ec rbK\lo nopaAu 6na-
lOnplIfTHIlTe YCr'IOBIlfl, CT,3AaAeH14 OT
6;rusocma Ha torcKnre [,racr4. Eponr
Ha po6rire or torcKu npon3xol o6aqe
HapacHa.rr FieHN{oBepHo c"'reA 366 u oco-
6eHo c"reg 376 r,, Koraro rornTe nory-
qil,'Il{ pa3peujetlue Aa ce npecer'IfT B 3e-
xrure orca\r Ao,rHr.iJl Ayrrae. Bltcnrure
aA[]Hrrr.rcTpaTuBHn kr BoerrrrH qarroBe B
Te3U npoBI1HI\1414 Il3nO,'I3Ba"TI4 TOBa IIO-
.IIO}KCIIIIC, KATO IlPHHY>KAABANIl IOTHTC
or tilan Ia [poAaBar 6,rugNHre cri n
Aa)Ke cBor.rre Aeqa e po6creo.
Tesr.t r.r Apyru npofi3Bo,'ru Ha pur,rcKara
B.IIACT I]AA NPCCE.IIUJ'IUTC CE 3ANATHI'I
roru Aa.rrH IIOBoA re Ia B6cTaHaT cpeury
cBollTe rrorHCHHulr u nopo6ure"qu.11e B
Tpanrrn [,rraNIrIa'ta lrcrlrHcKa eotiHa.
Kru rorlrre ce flpr{c:beAurrflBa..rrn 6rpso
po6u're Ir ocraHa.rroro ytHererro HaceJ're-
Hue, 3a 6laronpunrrrHfl pa3BorZ Ha er-
craHuero oco6eHo crAeircrea-qo o6croq-
Te/'ICTBOTO, qe K'bNli loTure ce
npHcbe- xpaHHTe,'rI4 Ce cpeilIaT BCe OII1e TeX(KIrTe
LuHfl.Bailr4 rexHllre MHoro6poliun nopo- Sopuli r4 cKbceHll nponopqul4 Ha rfl,'Io-
6eHu ctn,reMeuillIIrI4, Kol'ITo HanycKairI4 ro. TaNoea e seo6nKIloBelIo cK:bceHoro
cBoI4Te focIloAapn, B,'I14Ba,'I14 Ce B IOT- Tq,'Io r{a Marucrpara, KotiTo ce ilpH-
CKIITe OTpfAI4 U yBeJ'II'iqaBAJIU TflXHaTa 6,ruxaea or /rIflBara crpaHa Ao IiNInepa-
6ofisa cr4lra, CtepetteHHI'IKbr Ha re3ll Topa. Torl e o6"TerIeH c Kbca ryHI4 Ka
ct 6v'rnn Altuau MapuenuH Aaea flcHa H HAN'ICTHAT C X"TIAMI4AA, 3AKOIIqAHA C
KaprHHa Ha roBa c'bcrotlHl4e Ha Ileulara. Kp'bcroBr.rAHa Qn6y"ra, a6co,rrcrHo eA-
Toli no4uepraBa u3pliqHo ro,reutnn 6pou HaKBa c Qu6y,rure, uso6pa3eHn Ha xra-
Ha po6ure or torcKn npou3xoA, elKe- r{r4A}ire e Cn"'IUcrpeHcKara rpo6uuqa '
AHeBHO npucbeAuHflBaull4 ce K:bM R6- KoMnosuqnqra Ha creHollHcI{Te
B Cu-
CT a H a /'I UTe CB O il C:b n,'I eN'l e H H U II 14' T O f? p a S - ,'rucrpeHcKara rpo6unqa c'bc cBoflTa cll-
qcHo
/'ruqaBa r{e>KAy TflX ABe KaTelopH14: Nrerpufl Il HacorleHocT Kt,M eAI4H
eAHIlre, npoAaAeHll HflKOla oT Tt'ploB- loAqepraH ueHrbp ct,ilIo e xapaKTepHa
lIH, ApyrHTe, pa3MeHeHH or 6,rusx]ire ga KoN,rno3utlttoHHLire npufiol'{}I B H3Ky-
CU CpeU]y NIa,TIKO BI'{HO HJIH K'bcqe X,'Ifl6, crBoro or erloxara Ha uMlleparop Teo-
Kotaro HenocpeAcrBeHo c,'IeA rlpeMul{a- 4oczr1. I{nnara KoNIno3utrun e Mucopny-
BaHero uM orcaN,I {yHae 6v,nn I43N'{6q- Ma or Ma4pu4 e li3rpaAeHa oKorTo eAHH
BaHU OT tr'IaA. or ecuqxo, Koero Auuau ueHTbp: Tibp)KecTBeHo ceAHad'I14flT Ha
Mapue,ruu roBopI4 B'L,B Bpb3Ka c re3l4 TpoH rrx'rneparop. flo4o6Ha e KoMII03li-
ct6utun, ce Bu>KAa, LIe oco6eHo NIacoBo rruqra u n peneQIITe or IIocraNIeHTa Ha
pa3IlpocTpaHeHHe Ha po6zre-rorz ce o6e,rucNa e l{apHrpa4. Ct4o raKa noA-
ga6e;rqsea ilpe3 376 r., Kolaro rorure qepraH IreHrr,p HaN{t4paxle z e cear6e-
ce npece,'Ir4ilri B TPaNnn. Horo caHA'bLIe Ha llpotieNra.l2l
L4 taNa, He N{o)Ke I\a r4ua HHU1o rIyAHo, Han-nocne c:bBcex{ eAHaKBI4 ca npuHuu-
aKo B creHonl4cfiTe Ha eAHa fpo6HI4lI3, nrTe H 3a pa3peuaBaHero Ha npocTpaH-
OT,'IUrlaBaUIU Ce C TaKbB pea,'II431,M, Ha- CTBeHUTe OTHOUIeHUfl B CIi"IlICTpeIlCKI4Te
x{ep14 NlrflcTo 14 TUnLIqHHflT 06pa3 Ha eAIill CTCHONUCN V B CIIOMCHATIITC IIAMCTHI]-
AoMarrrerr po6-ror. Taxuea po6u ca nt,r- uu or Teo4ocrzeeara eroxa. flocraes-
HC,IU IIN{CHUfl,TA 14. BI4JIVTE HA 6OIATUTC Hero Ha Qurypnre eAHa 3aA Apyra u r43-
3eMeB,'raAenul4 .!o roBa BpeMe" Ees clnt- ,'IH3aHero r4M OT paN{KUTe HaMI4pa Oqe-
HeHIle "'rnlrero, 3a Koero e6vna nocrpoe- 6zeqa ycnopeAulra B Mncopltyua or
Ha 14 u3rrICaHa rpo6Hl4l{ara npu cra,rn- Ma4pn4, I{:bAero Qltrypzre ca pa3rpe-
CTpa, e [pUHaAiTeMa,'IO KbM K,'IaCaTA Ha B TpI4 IL'IaHa H Ce 3aCI]qaT eAHa
Aed'IeHI4
eApIlTe npOBUHUU AJIHU 3eMeB,'IaAeJ'I- c Apyfa TaY.a, KaKTO BLi)KAaN',le rOBa npil
uli. Tor? e npHtorBH,'I rpo6H14uara cu c:b,rpyx{ecKara Aeoiixa or creFlollLIcI{re
B cBoqra BI4ra oilIe npHlKLiBe. Kora e Lra CunncrpeHcKara rpo6Hnua. Cl-
craHa,'Io roBa H Koq Aara rPa6ea Ia rrloro qB,'IeHI4e Ua6"rlrc4aeaue u B
npHeMeNr ga creHonuclire? AHuzxeap- rrocraN{eHra ua o6en}IcKa B IJ,apnrpal.
HIITe AaHHU H CTI4/'IOBUqT aHailr43 Ha Orzrypure or Qprasa ua KoHcraHrI4Ho-
creHonHcl4Te AaBaT Bb3MO)KHOCT Aa Ce Bara apKa, ga6n'acxauu IIdt:brFIo eAHa
npI4eMe eAHa no-KI)CHa Aara Sa rpo6Hu- AO Apyfa, ce L{3MecrBar oT I{3O,'IilpaHH
rrara. B roBa orHottreHIIe or oco6eHo Qzrypv,uecro pa3Ae,'IeH14 or Kod'IoHIr I4r'IIl
3HaqeHue ca crLI"ToBLITe oco6egocrrz 14 AT,pBera. Ha.{a,'Ioro Ha re3Ii IIpOMeHU
aHTr4KBapHH I\AHHII Ha CIIOMeHaTHfl Be-- ce Aoi'raBr oure B K'bcHoro I(oHcrauru-
ue MucopuyN{ Ha Teo4ocuri I or Ma4pu4, HOBO BpeMe, Kolaro 3aIIOLIBa I\a ce
rorrHo AarupaH or 388 roArIFIa. flpe4u pa3BuBa eAI4H nO-MeK crl4,rl , eAFIO nO-
BcI4qKo KaKTO ts creHonucl4Te or Cunu- e,lelaHTHO II3KyCTBO, flCHO OTpa3eFIO B
crpa, TaKa vr ryK HapeA c no-crpotiHnre nso6pa>NeHr4flTa FIa caPxoQara Ha
Surypu or BpeMero Ha Teo4oculi, Xo- IOuuyc Eacyc or 359 roAHFIa' Toea
Hopurt u Apxagrefi u na lorcKuTe rer'Io- noBTopHo B'b3Bp'bqaHe Ha e"'IIlHHCTI4qe-

79
cKaTa TpaAiluHq nporr,'b,'Ix{aBa 14 no Bpe- Ha e3ur]ecKoro u3KVcrBo.,, L{et-
Ar4[-(r.1ure
N{ero Ha uN{neparop lO,rnau Otct'srtrnrn, Bbllrr,r BeK, xraKap Lre e BeK Ha no6e,1ara
KaTO Ce 3acllr'lBa B u3KyCTBOro npu TeO- FIa Xp]ICTIIflHCTBOTO, He e tO"Iflt,I BeK HA
4ocuri.122 B nporuBoBec Ha u3KVcrBo- xpucruqHcKoro rl3xycreo" nnure lpa-
To or Koucranrr4FroBara enoxa ce 3a-
-
6ap, uafi-lo6punr rro3HaBaq Ha paHHo-
6e.[qsea r.rNreHHo roBa HoBo x\/Ao]KecrBe- x pucrlIflHCKoro u3KycrBo. rz 3
HO Br4>KIaHe CIZMerputrHO pa3[pe-
Ae,'reHr.ierra- Qnrypnre, noAqeprarr TO B noc.te4uara Qtasa sa 4" BeK, K:btr Kor-
IIpHHaArTelKaT U Cli"[],ICTperrCKl.ITe
Qpoura,rnrel u a6crpaxreu Qon, ere- cTeHoIrilclI, B I,i3K1rg1s91O Ce pa3BHBaT
NlleHT14, 3aCBUAeTe,'ICTBaHH IIOALIepTa-
Ho rrpn creHolrucrlre Ha IIa[]ara rpo6-
ABe napar'Ie,'IHII TeLIeHUf eAHH )rC-
rori,{ne I(i'Iaclrrln3T,rr H eA}IrI AeKoparnBeII
Huua. B rpo6Huuunre nso6paxeHnr, \raHr.repn3:E,\{.
KaKTo IroKaBBar u Cn,rrzcrperlcKlrre cre-
HOlllICU, AO KT,CIIO Ce 3aA'bp>KaT e3I'ILIe- 7]arupauero Ha Cu,rucrpeHcKara rpo6-
cKHTe x{orrlBu. Teo4ocurl, o6rpa4eu i<aN- H14rla B noci'IeAHr.iTe ABe AeceTr4,TeTVfl. Ha
TO OT e3lrrtHHl{ll , TaKa H oT XpUCTHfl- 4 eeN r,o6r4Ba oco6eHo 3HaqeHrre 3a K'bcHo-
Hrl, eABa npes392 t" crporo sa6paunea aHTurlHoro u3KycrBo. C 6orarara cu n
H3n'b,'IFIeHUeTO Ha e314rIeCKIl Ky,rlTOBe, ceoeo6pasHa AeKopaqufl, c nso6u,.rnero
KOeTO IaBa OrpalKeHne H B XapaKTepa oT Aei{opaTLlBHlI NIOTIIBT.l U CUN'IBO"rIn H pa3-
Ha AeKoparuBHure NroruBn. Bce naK, uooSpasura aHTIIKBapnri AaHHlr, BeJ'ru-
rpo6uoro r.r3KycrBo ocraBa safi-xon- KO,'IenHO 3ana3eHuTe CTeHOIIHCU Ce f Bfl-
cepBar14BHo.B rpo6uHrrr4Te ce 3arra3Bar Bar Karo Ba>KeH onopeH ilyHKT, xoriro
Qnrypa"ruure riso6paxeuun Ao Kpas no3BoirflBa Ia ce ocBeT.ua He carlo
rra 4. sex. BrnpeNu no6e4ara Fra rroBara XpOHO"'IOIULIeCKOTO I1 XyAO)KeCTBeHo
pe"'IIlfllfl HflKOa'IKO naMeTHIlKa, lIeX{Iy pa3BLITIle Ha N{IrBolrr.rcra B 6a,rxaucNure
Kouro, rta ttbpBo Nlqcro, CrinucrpeHcKa- npoBr.irrr{r414, rro rr3o6uo n Ha orfnulra,r-
ra rpo6rruua, IIoKa3Bar c14.rIara rra rpa- HOro pr4\lcKo U3KyCTBO OT rO3H flepHOA.
 :lr,t:,.

52 1\urtinapor ifamafi.t
am 4KpocLina i .ttutLL'tna
tto 3til'tl.irturntt ImcHLi
Ct0rtrn unu t:tptpu'tuo
mJl.lc c qLlt)l.:Lr tloL'-
fnaSKd it ilrLtpoKo qcmuc.
!, pz tttrtL mc Lttdndut u
HABAH

53. lIaL1n un7()tlctLo ttti ,i'

KUH.ln.(l.f)OCaL B -'LnHenl1
n.a suno.)u.amu (rneH(l

::i!:i\ i:
51. I'posd c mb)t t'tLt 3bP"
Ha tt r)tr.tzu 0 ptttcra
t
O6zpttdtrL L mpu .tucm0

f
F
t

i5.
xtl
17 at.rrr,tu,t dt pr:o B t Pe
/]LLa()tiut tnco.t rtPcc')-
cm00crLu zbLn1Q Kt)pOt10
0m 3e.Iu-Lu.rucrna
I
56 ,!Ju;o pu4ttn Ha cBo'
\
I
()a Ea.tunm (ton e nox-
t
I

pum c .tLpcuct ou1 63

xaadpamu, ompn3LLHu. e !
7)eJlUme Om OKP'h)ltH1CmU .

B nucanumc B tntx oc.ila'

'()2l,tLttULlU (A LI3n7i'THCtLIl
c pasuoo6poenu,llotrluBu
om ,lcLtBomuHLKun u pac-
mLtmellHun cenm (fuo7sa4 )

(
t
57 , JI nnernt nL Hd :ianaA'
HAmtL CmcLLa C qacln oln
L'soAa.B tnnerna -'dao
nallHa npucftLtrnE1m Kl tt.
K0Hmop()c Cct,Aoaarno
pa4un uil umLLPa KLt '
0exo
cemupaH moeun ont xaa)-
pamu, 0Kpb )t1:Hjcmu. u
0ct|0'b2b"1 tlu4Lt., u3nh.l
HeHu c pacuort6pasrLtt
f,lomullu
l
{ a
1,'.:11L:t/./1,::

%l;/1,:/;:.

I
e
a
3

{ ':+
'.,$
a ; o-g
5d' t'llLtcLt, O o.Leqcn a
KbCA lLpL'tluaAHA t7lll l-LUK0
.,I0Lt(Llbtn a K0.lcHLt4u,I
B olakca)t-:r it.0 r)utt,tu

:?

t:

59 ,tlootLq Cnu:LxtL ri.u

n Il ,'Ju,ttumpctit
6a. .ilout1, oai.u't!('LL 6

K'b(a ftiuHuho u naLIiltq-

.1Ot1LL) CmOLL tlp0B C .tbti
B .Ifl.Ltl O1.Q p'b K , O t]1
L1

KOUmO (:mp(.1Un1U BeqA e

Lt:l.Lctrrn,rd ltttttttt.t om
r)t:xoptttqu:tntu u.rt cror)a

5i. ,ToaL4. tLpLltJ, c dee

t;OJILI:l U.ILI t1p omU I .tn'
8Lrn0 cLt pbxa LL pu3nf'
pcHu ()9tt-t0 pbro ,l,e-
mal.1.I oftL rlt;pu[0ma Ha
cactda Orn )ecntt cmpa-
ttu nu tftuegpuna
6.tantnu mper:u
 62 ,rloetLt,, i:o tatlLLqLt t.
c tro(jtiaH(, tittt.ped Ka'
rLLLc lttlntL.t on dtxo-
pa4uem0 rLo ceodo Aro'
.ro (b uzLl lJ0 ftL] 3t',.t( tlLt

cmp 6t:]Gr

6,3 . P ctst tnu o tn ttc mu pu

,'LucrnLt (bc cbpLlaBudt-lLt
cfo plLa , pe3no,roJJLL,nLr
rcpacrnooipasuo u :tmdc-
.rcHLL cbc 3c.t(tLL1 r)xeo-
t:udttu caixLt.

61. i.tueun I nr.t.Lt:mo

ohc.tO l, trnunit ..tnn pe.,-
17 P7 C H ci lll t Ll'
i. t' ln :!.

:: il::i
..,i i.l:i

:::i1i1l

65 Jlconopi), .t;o.tLau\
nanpeA tlemai.t ont Ae-
Kopaquem(t Ha ceor)u.
Oxo,'Lo ttuoontulntr-t pa3-
npacHamu 46em3/
 66 17n4rr J.tiieti) attt
t./llpu( lnL0 r!11 alodo
J ir.ntt nl.tl t ) rLlt it riLt Lr3.LL! :jLl
LL:l4bt1 pLl ilt:Li:tt(1 ti(t (tL 1t.()-

b.a 6.t t1 Ltt; l.J

,, , i
;

\
lI
67 17 ttilri 0rt,.t,, i/r,.,il
paJ I L
[) b ( t-! (1 tll Lt i!tl It t ! I I
(tl t1 F t.;

b8 {ltitipttur.rLrLr, tiL;
?7,1a)(). h!.Lt)t'(jt'ti tlito
fl.li)()o|('tilt' ilu Ht!t;utit.lo
pLtt-ntatLLIt' :lt,liuiL.l onl
at'Kal)A411:Lllitl titl i tio.)tl

"4..,
)
69 .\,1 t.r.tt;Li untuqtiLr 'ta

tpa6tt(' ) Kb.uit.. :tapLlu

Qtll Ll,.1ti(ltitI) plt(ilIt)HL!ta

'i 0 l t; ptttu tno (i

tt rta()a
Jt'rrtttti.i B,tt.tooear.rtLu
LLLl t/t(, il pt()( t)t u8L. ti LL Ltljo

SpaxtntL:t ni.l rlt11t.t

(:L\CttU., Lltnuqu. ?p1s-
ia)aia n.lodoat', r)bp-
rt nr:rt!t.:l i.l l)t)jPrnLl

I
;
 ,e

.'i
 71 [ r.tz'ii I n(.) t(m, L

ptnnrprHu Kpu t( llc

Ultl U.1. r) ttl li i Ptla(t lliLl l1u

t-.1( )i).i

M 72 il nttLut;tt
H(!:11() ?.1utt(I ttt-Lant)
ilt.Lt H0

/,.2 [t.t t'o t

li l)u..ll)tll.t)
t)6TDHLt.LLl

totPnl
ilepil-
U.

t
pu3napL'lttt t;PrIt.at Ot0
.10 t1('.1(t rlQ3llpbl:H.timu
rllLtam.HLt t1('iit,Ll /\trn(ti,L
olfL tlL; p0t0 rnLI Ht). 160AQ

74. l| mrtttrtt r: 6:! t.tt xo-

pc)14! u L)'b,tcu otrntttt-0"
KA4HQ.1t:! r)r K,loHtttt t

n por,)'h,1,tt.t6r t. ttt u t1.ti()t.)ttl

, I -ii
 7s. 17 mutp c oduenamo
Kpaqe u no/lu Pasmqoqe-
Ha tLoBKa no)cxarta xr, 'n
qlemHo eeilxa

76. Manrca nmwka e

n'6cmpu Kpu,ne u onawKa
nee a)ueuana Haeope ?na-
Ba. Om 1eeme D cmpa-
HU se,'LeHu eedxu c qoem-
HU n',6nK[

2
77, lTsodpatnenue Ho.
n amuqa. O xo,to nen ec:te-
nu acitxtt om 6ltamuu pac-
ntenun. te,mai.t om gxpa-
canta aa ceoao
 EenexcHu

1 C Rodenualdl Begrenzung u;rd Cliederung der Miniatrres of the Iiiad (llias Anr brosiana).
Spzitantike C6 l. Kaqapoq, (HAll, X\/l), 1950, Olten, 1955, c 9B-10C.
c 53 r crr. - 14.M. Borda. La pittura Romana. '\Iilano, 1958,
2. lY/. F. Volbaclt Fruhchristliche Kunst. Miinchen, c. 140-142 u c. 3'19.
l95Br ,4. \V. Bguanck. Les origines de I'art du Bas- 15 AHril,JHaq )KuBonucb. Mocxea, 1966, ( 166 (A.
Besch, XXXIX, 1964, c I 17;
Ei-npire.
A GrabtLr.- BAnt
Le premier art chr6tien Paris, 1966;
Qy6osa )
16. M. Qanenxo. IlauqrHuxu aHTrrqHoro rrcxyccrBa
R, Bianchi BandinelLi. Rome La fin de 1'ari anti- n Do,rrapuu.
- llcx1,ss1r., 1952, Krr. 5, c 84
que. Paris, l97A; Th. I(raus Das romische Weltreich 17. A. Grabar. Le premier art chr6tien. Faris, 1966,
Propyl den I(unstgeschichte, II, 1967; P. Brown. c. 159, o6p. 164.
The \\;orld of Late Antiquity. London, 197I; Fr IB. TIL (raas. Das romische \\''eltreicl'r Propylden
Gerke. Spalantike und lriihes Christentum Baden- Kunstgeschichte, II, 1967, c. 213, o6p. 149, Nar,
Baden. 1980 JV, 149 (B. Andreae)
3. Ha. Bctrcoa. Orxplrara rpo6Huqa npr Cu"rucrpa 19. R, Bianchl Bandinelli. Rome. La lin de l'art
e rr 3opa, 6p" 7075, c 6, 27. I. 1943, c 3 u,r. antique Paris, 1970, c 325, o6p 306 308.
t,. H. fletnpor Pur,tcrara rpo6nlqa n rp. Cu,rucrpa 20 R. F. Hoddinotl. Bulgaria in Antiquit,v. I-ondon,
Cr,rr'icrpa, 1944,31 c 6e:: r'r"r. 1975, c" 140-142, o6p. 91-93.
5. A. @poea. Pulrcr<ara )KriBorl,rc B erHa rpo6uurla s 2l . A. Carandini Qicerche sullo stile e la chrono-
Cz,rucrpa. flponrerefi, r. VII, 19.12-1943, KH. logia dei mosaici della villa di Priazza Armerina.
-
I II- IV, c 6l-68, 5 o6p. Studi Miscellanei, T, Spcleto, 1961; E Barbier.
6 A. Froua. Pittura romara in Bulgaria Roma, La signification du cortdge repr6sent6 sur le couver-
1943, c. 33 c 30 o6p. cle du cofiret de ,,Projecta". Cahiers arch6ologi-
7 A. Froua Peinture romaine en Bulgarie. Ca- -
ques, X I I, 1962, c 7-33; S Pelekanidis, Die Male-
hiers d'Art, 1954, fasc I, c. 25 40, 9 c6p. u fasc rei der konstantinischen Zeit. Akten des VII In-
Il. c. 246- 259. 8 e6p. ternationalen I(ongresses filr christliche ArchAolo-
8. A. Froua. L'arte di Roma e del mondo romalro. gie. Trier, 5-11 Sept. 1965, Berl jn, c. 215-235;
Torino, 196 1, c 589 59 l, fig.535-538 c 1ra6,r. M. L.Rinakii. Il costume romano e i mosaici di Piaz-
9. n. il. !,unumpoa. CreHonucure Ha Kr,cHoaltrl.{qHa- za Armerina.-Rir, ista dell'lstituto nazionale d'Ar-
ra rpc6urtqa npl Cu,rucrpa. - Apxrrexrypa, I, cheoJogia e storia del1'arte, N. S 1964-1965, T.
1947, 6p. 10, c. 10 16, c 8 o6p.: CxultLnrn ny6itu- l3-14, c, 200-268; Iruing Lar.irt. Iliusionism in
KyBa MalrrKo nony,'ItJpuo c'lo6ulest;e ,,Ha I pattHtlara Constantinian Painting. DOP, XXI, 1967, c. 111,
Ha aHTrriFiara a cpeAHoBeKoBHa xrsonuc" Huy
- o6p. 51-52; N, Firctlli.- An earll' b-vzantine hipo-
Ka H 'r'exHlxa 32 NIa'I3[€xra, 1957,xH 5,c 7 B c 3 o6p. geum discovered at Iznil< M6langes Mansel, An
10. n. il. !,u.tLumpaa. Cru,r u Aara lra creTlorllclrre kara, )974, c.919 -932.
or K'bcHoaarhqHara rpo6Huqa npu Cu,racrpa 22. KE E .1, 1967, c. 52 1; EHrlHxrlorrejr,urI B'r.,rrapna,
Apxeo,rorzr, III, 1961, xH. l, c. 10-21, 9 o6p. - 5 r .; uranuaHcKara eHrlr4K,,rone,qliE ?a a HTuqHo u3-
ll. D. P . Ditnitrou. Le pitture murale del sepolcro KycrBo cpn. D. P, Dimitrou Silistra (Durostorum) . --
romano di Silistra. - Arte Atrtica e Moderna, f asc. EAA, VII, 1966, c. 294-296.
12, 1960, c. 351-365. 23. B. Betxoa. lpa,lrr e Tpaxun u .naxua npe3 Krc-
12. D. P. Dimilrou. Le systdme d6coratif ei 1a date Hara aHrr.rrrocr. CoQnr, 1959, c, 146; I{ciopr.rx Ha
des peintures murales du tombeau antique de Si- ,I,o6pynxa, I. Ccf.ra, 1984, c 160
listra. Cahiers arch6ologiques, XII, 1962, c. 35- 24. M. Qonuesa, XyAoxecroeuoro Hac,'reJ,crBo Ha
52.
- rparuiicxure ::euu. CoQlr, 1971, c. 201 -203, o6p.
13 R, Bian,hi-Bandinrlli. Helleni.tic-Byzanlirre 165-171.

98
 25. ApxHrexrypHoe rracrercruo Eo"'rrapru Pe1. apr. 38.3a onucarruara cpB ,n,. tl . Iu;tumpoe, cn. Ap.
C. CraNroe. CocpHa, 1972, J\', 15, c.62-63, xureKr),pa, I, 1947; A. Fro,-ta, n Cahiers d'Art, 19b4,
26. !. Oempoe M. Bax,tt.tuoeo PzlHirouii:itH ri iicrirr fasc. I
naNrerHlrluor Bt,rrapnn lV-VII n Cori.,r,rn, 1978, 39. B. Andreac A TI'1. l(raus, r\y,t c6rr,. c. 213,
c.27, o6p.33-43, JVs 149; Schneider, ur.rr. c1,q
27. Ucropun ua E:r,;rrapra. Cocfrul, lg7g, r I, c. 40 Schnei.der, gul carr
423-424, Io6p. 1l D E. Slrong. Roman Imperial Sculpture. Lon-
28. l. lr ;feKi)pauLia Ha c'la-
Oc+apoo. -l\pxrrexrJ'pa dor, I96i, c 67; Doro Lcli, Antioch Mosaic pave-
poxplrcrltflHcKrre rpo6HnrlrJ B Hauril'ie 3enlu Ap- rrents. Princeton-Loldon, 1974, I, c. 23T c,,r i
xeo,rofr'I! 1977, xtt. 4, c. 2,1 u c,r. Jean LttsstLs La mosaique de Yakto. Antioch on
29. J. Vdleaa. Sur certaines particuiarit6s des h1,- - N noc. ,rur.
the Crontes, I Princeton, 1934, c 126
pog6es paleochr6tiens des terres thraces et leurs Cuara, 're BKyc6T xr,r,r u:o6paxeHuqra Ha,,roBHH
analogues en Asie Mineure.- Anatolica, VII, 1g7g c4eHJJ C0 pa:rBr.rBa napa,rte''lHo c HIrTepeca I{1[{ r]up_
1980, c. 127 KOBr.lTe trfpil.
30. C. Auee,tola" CvrrlcrpeHCKara rpo6urrqa Cn,rr '12 M. i!tL.tutr,oaa. Melsa sacra om Nicopolis ad Nes-
crpa, 1976, 6 c. u 23,ra6.t. tnm ilAH, XXXIII, 1970, c. 2bb c,r.; A. Grabar.
31. Chr . Danor -
- T.
in BuJgarien Soiia,
Itanou. Antike Grabm:iler
1980, c, 29, c. 105, o6p, 5B 72.
Uu nr6darllon en or proverant de,l{ersinie en Cilicie.-
DOP, \'J, 1951, c 49 c.r.; 1(, IVcitznonn. The Survival
32. B llonoca. Cu,rHcrpcncxara rpo6rrnrla of .MythologicaJ I{epresentations in Early Christian
6r-rervn Ha H3xycTBOTO (nC,1 ne,lar).
- flpo- an d Byzantine Art and their Impact on Christian
33 L. Schneider. Die Domiine als \\-eltbild \\'ir- Iconography X IV, 1960, c, 43 c,.r
43 Pelehani.dis, - DOP,
rlur. cbq,
kungstrukturen der spdtantjken Bildei:sprache \\'ies-
baden, 1983 (Herren und DierLer in Auf ri'artungs 41. It. Moepo)Lttoc. f po6urua or IV e c;r. Xp. n
zeremoniell: Crabkammer in Silistra, c 39 55)
- lHBfl;r, 1926, c 21 c",r.; ,e. eowee.
fl;toe1ue.
34 C. Patsch Durostorum Apxeo,rorruecKr.r Becru" IJAH, XV, 1946, c
- RE \/,
1863-1864; V. Pdruart lvlunicipium
1905, col
Aurelium Dl- 45 Kp. Munmce, qur. cbq
214 cn.

rostorum, - (ivista di Filologia e d'lstruziune 16 S, httcicirr, w, c'bq.

classica, anno II, fasc IlT, 1924, c 307-34A; fl
ToAopoe Durostorum. flpuHoc r(rrr aHrrlqHara ucro,
prq Ha Cu"rucrpa Coclar, 1927; D. P. Dimitrou
Silistra (Durostorum) EAA, VII, c 29.1;
Dttno-ct .Durostorrm. Der kleine Pall-v, ror,r 2, 1979,
col 183-184; V. Velkou. Durostorum-Drhstar
Silistra p,,Arrtike urd Mittelalter irr Bulgarien",
Berlin,ll)60, c 214-217; B. Gerot. Zlm Problem der
Entsteh ut,g der romischen Stzidte am u nterer Dolau
limes. Kl io, LII , 1977, xs. 2, c. 299-310; p.
-
Vulpe et J . Barnea. Din istoria Dobrogei. Tor,r I I
Bucuresti, 1968: Llcropua Ha J{o6py,q;Na, I CoQrn,
1984. c. 141 c,r.
35. Ion L Russu. Morumente sculpturale
rostorum.
- Annuarul lnstitutului de studii clas
sice, III, 1936-1940, c. 174-199; Cr FlorcstLt
Monumenti antichi di Durostorunr
- Dacia I X, X
1941-1944, c. 127 430 r noc :tut ; 17. le opzLiee
Pr'nrcxrr c'laryLr Lr HaAnucn or Cu,rucrpa
- ilHMB, X,
47.V. Mikou Le tombeau antique de Kazanlhk.
Sof ia,
1954; L Zhiukot:a The Kazanluk Tomb 1975.
18. M Pocmocqec. Autuuuar lexoparuBHafl )KliBorrHcb
Chr. lla lore Poccnl C llerep6ypr, 1914, c. 199 c,r.
49 ,M Borda, \n.r. c'1,q., c 126.
50 E Alic)/di-Qosenbaum The Necropolis of Ane-
murium, Ankara, 1971, c, l7 c.rr,
51. Xp !,rcan6oo. Xucapcxara rpo6Hilua.-- lllMflr,
V, 1963 r, c. 136 c;r,
52. ,\; Firattr. rqlr. cr,u., o6p. 130 u 132.
53. M. Bo,tmposufl. Pr4Mcxa rpo6Hnqa y cero 6pe-.
croeuxy.-Craprnap, I! 1906 (1907) , c 134 c,r.,
ra 6",r \r,
din Du- 51. Fr. lZirllr. Romische \\-ardmalerei. Berlin, 1927,
ra6t 27.
55. Fr. lVirth, unl cr,q., ra6,r. 28,
lt6 II, W'. Betle r u. H Ltclzmctnn, Die judische Ka-
.
iakombe der I'jlla Torlonia in Qom, Berlin-Leip-
zig, 1930, ra6,1
9

XXVi, 1974, c 95-102; Ion I Rrssa In:.crip!ii. 5'i. L, 4c Bruyrte La peirture cemeteriaie Constanti-
latine din Durostorum. - AnnuarLrl Irrst stLrciii rienne
--\kten de. VI I Inteltationale Kongresses
classice,ll, 1936, c 210-218; i7. lor-tttt:t:tttt Jlaiirrr- filr XClll, o6p. 139.
christiche Archiiologie, ra6.'r.
cKIr rrannlcx or .(ypocropyr'r. Ap;reo.rorrn, 1976, 5l , I(p. ,\4u:ttt'tcc lexoparrnHara )KuBonr4c Ha Co-
xs 4, c.6l-64; C. Mu;elianu,- V C'ttlir:ct, D Ele[1t Qurcxrrr rrexponoJ. CoQla, 1925, rpo6urua j\! 9,
rescLL Lampes ?i estampille de DurostorrLnr. Dacier ,
c. 88, '.;6p 3l u 3J
XXIV, 1980, c.283 c"'r; C Mu;c!icLrttL, D E!t[lart'sttL. 59. A Grubur Le prentier art chr6tien, c. 178; Vol-
Lanpes romaines de Durostolum Dacia, XXVI, bnth, turr cr-u , o6p. 32 -35; H. Ste rn Les Mosai-
1983, L2, c. 109 c;r - que: de I'Eelise clc Sainte Colstance d Rome.
36. B, Ben;oa. lpagr,r n TpaNr.n u faxrrH npe,r D. rP, X l l. lglR, c j96.
-
r(T,c-
Iiara anruqHocr, c. 146 u c",r; l'lcropur na _T,c6py.,t- 60 Vo/bach, uHr. cr,q, o6p. 123.
xa, I, c. 156 61. /. Rorsse l. Recent Excavations at R oman Ane-
37 C Aneetoea. Kpenocruara creJra ria J,1'pocro- murium (1969-1973) . The Proceedings of ihe
p1'rr-!p:sclrp-Cn,rucrpa.- {pxeo.rorur, 1973, Xth International Congress
- oi ClassicaI ,\rchaeolo-
" t<n.
3, c 83-93. gt', I I, c. 320, ra6.r 293, 8

99
62. . ,\'
W Die ,,Opf erprozessiolr" in
Schttmachcr
Aquileia - Akten des VII Intern. Kongr' Iirr christ
Archlologie, i:.683, c,r.. ra6.r, CCCXLIIl'
63.6 @una. Co'$uticxelrr ubpKBa Ce CocpLrr' Co-
cfrra, 1913, c.50 c-'r., ra6.'r. XVIII"
64. Chrorique des iouilles en 1954. - BCFI , LXXIX'
1955 I. c. 272.
65 It MttcPodurLott, llllr. c6rl , :.ap6ut1re, npelrr 6paurtara Ieoiixa !,a ce ornpaBlI c
G6. .44. L Rinakii Il cosLume rurna'r") c i mosaici di
Piazza Armeritra. c 2l'l c"'l ., o6p 14 rl 15'
67. M. L Rinaldi, Ilrtr crq . c 225' o6p' 17 rr 18
68. R. Delbruech.DieCorsulardipilche;r, N- 62' o6p 3'
c. 239 n c.\.', czulLtem,sp:itanlike Kaiserpcrtriis lolr
Corstantirrr,rs I\agirus bis zum Ende des \\'estreiehs --
Studien z1,t.r spiitartikerr (unstgeschichte, VII I'
Leipzig, 1933, ra6r. 91-98
69. G. Brutt:.. Der Obelisk tLtrC sein: Basis arrf clem
Hippodrom Ltr l(onstaniirropel -lstrirbulcr F cr-
schungetr, VII, 1935, o6P 40 rt c,r.
70. A. Caranrllni. Ricerchc sLlllo stile e la crorrolo-
gia clei mosaici del1a vi lla dt Piazza Arnrerin a, c 65
71 Rinuldi, rttn clq.! c 232 ca Bordct, t\trt c'brj '
c 3{3-3{1
72 Borda, t\ur cbq , c 358
713 Rinuldi, qur. cllr
71 RinttLdi, uur ct,tl , c 239 c;t ' obp 2+.
75. Corandini, llttr c-stl ' c 24' sa6 276 tr loc ''ltlr. '
'.)4. Dorothg Burr Thompsorz, AJA, LX, xu. 3' 1956'
r:. 295-296 B peleH3llrlra crI Bbpx)' xH alara Ha -B
,\4uxoa, ,.Aurrtqtrara rpo6utlllzl rl plL Kasalt,lr'x",
il3Ka3Ba fl peATIo"ito)xeHIleTo, rle qeHTpantlara cuella
r ro"{el,urfl (rpu: voxe Aa rpeAcraBfl,'cnar6eHo" nlp-
ruecrBo CueHara cnopeA Heq rl()Ka3Ba eclruxn 1erafi-
,l.r Ha eilHa 6pauua uepeMoHllq, c noAHacflHe Ha IIo-
rio,{ecuutlara (klirtis) 3a Lo[la Ha ['I.laAo]KeHeqa Cpe
c sulo // Oeuenoaa-MapurLo7a. 3a ueHrpa"{HIifl cto-
tKer I,; 3a SBTOpCTBOTO Ha CTeHOIIllCuTe Ha Kasa nJlrx-
riara rpo6Hnqa ItfIK, 1976, xH. 2, c, 7 cr ; ct-
-
L4ama, B Thracia, IV, 1977, c. i77 c,'r.; 11e. lv/lapasoe
I( uxoHorpaQr'Jtl II cex{aHrJJKe pocnncefi KasaH'lt'lx-
cxori rpo6Huqur. - Pulpudeva, 2, 1978, c 367 c''t'
gS E. Il . Kontoroaics On the Golden,\\arriage Belt
and ihe Marriage Rings of the Dumbarton Oaks
Coll,,:tion DOP, XlV, 1960, c. 3 c,r.; C Reins-
-
berg. Concordia - die Darstellung \ion Hochzeit
und ehelicher Eintracht in der Spdtantike - in:
Spdtantike und frirhes Christentum. Franklurt am
Main, 1983, c.312 c;t
96. E Barbier, Itlrr. cr.,.t , c. 7 c"n
97. L. Schneider, \nr cr'q., c 52.
98. A. Froua, ullr cr'q., c 39 c roc. "ilr'Ir,
99. H , Maapodunoe , \trr c6al , lr n,. Oa'tctptta' tnr '
c'6rt.

'ia6,r. XXIV,5 100 /. X4i/-fitl-,\4rtnsttl. Grabhiigeliorscirrtng itr

76. E. ALIdldi -RosenhatLm, uilr' c1'rr ', rr6n XXXII' Ostthraltien IIAII , XIII, 1939, c.154 Lr c"r ,o6p 193
l. Pelekanidis, Ilrlr cr.'r,o6p 25 n 27', A' 0rabar' I 0l . B 17 onoau, uvrr cT,q.

[-e premier art c. 1 17, o6P l1B. lA2 A . Frot,a, \tn cr,q
77. CarantJini, Llllr. cl)rl ., c. 23. rzr6"'t . X X tt c"'l 103. G, t?odenaaldl Ein spdlaniike I(unststrcimung
78. Borda, Ltrrr crrr. in Rom R'\1, XXXVl-XXXVII, l92l-1!22'
c 77 rr cn', - H. P L'Orongt: Der spdtarttike Bild-
79 Volboch" qrrr cbq., c 58 rr o6P 58
:u:r c'btt , c 25 rt c.rt,, tr noc na pe- schmuck des I(onstarriinsbogens. Berlin, 1939, c
B0 Carandini,
197 rr c.r.
,rre,rr{ or BTOpaTa noJl , Ha 4. eex.
104. Piitura romalra in Brtlgaria, c l7 n c,r , c. 21
81. Carandini, unr. cr'q., c. 18.
H
82 G. Bchrens Zur T1-pologie und Technik der pro-
C,rl.
105. Peinture romaine en Buigarie Cahiers d'Ari
vinzialromischen Fibelrr. -- Jahrbuch des RGZ'\1'
I, 1951, c. 220-236, A K. AttSpos Ou6ynr rora I I. c. 249 c,r,
enponericxoii .tacril CCCP. Apxeo,rortrq CCCP, BL'tn' 106 Borda, qxr. c6q ,c 140.

I l-30 Mocxea, 1966, c -74 s ct. 107. R Bianchi-BartdineLli, Rome. La Iin de l'art
83,7 I4eartoe. 06paar'r Ha KoHcraHrus I t't cl'tHoBere antique, c 325
Ml- B]'pxJr,'l\KoBIlqHu Q116r',rrr or B's'rraptrR -Ap- 103. S. PeLehanidis, ur'rr. c'bq
xeoJoruR, 1972, xa 4, c 9lI cr'I tl floc 'lIl'lr 109. A. I-lonoaa, urr. c'bq.; J. Vdler:a, urtr' c'bq'
c 3B' Le premier ari chr6tien' c. 154
84. A. Frorla. Peiniure rolnaine en Bulgarie, 110,
'4. Grabar,
85 r{ Frotrt rltlr. clq 111. H Stern. Les ,\losaiques de l'Eglise de Sainte-
B6 E Barbier. La sigrriiication du cortege rcpr6- Constance A Rome, c,212' 6eit 303; '/ Kollaitz'
sent6 sur le couvercle dLr coiflet de ,'Projecta", c 16 rl Die A'lalerej der Konstarrtinischen Zeit -Akten des
c"T., o6p. l0 VII Intern. I(ongres,ses iiir christl. Archhoiogie,
87. L. Zhi'oko'-,a. The Kazanlul< Tonrb, o6p 32, 14 c 100.
9u,.tuxoaa. lpo6nnt{ara or Cnet[aptr IlsxvcrBo, 112 ApxHrerrl'pa, I. 1917, c. 16
- 113. Fr.
Gerhe. Das Verhhlinis \ror1 r\Ialerei und
1983, xn 4, c 1B n c,r
88. Schneider, unr. cr,q , c. 43 c;r. Plastik in der Theodosianisch-horrorianischen ZeiI -
89. Frr.tua, ulrr c'brl., c.39 ti noc. Jrir. Rivista di archeologia christiana' XII,1935, xu'
90. Kp Musmea, ullr. cbq. l-2, c. 145, o6P. B.
91. J can Charbonneaux, R ,\4artin, F r. VilLard 114. R. DeLbrueclt Die Corrsulardiptl'chen ! c

Grdce hell6nistique, Paris, 1970. +r.42,45,47,62.

92 B. Broun. Ptolemeic Pailrtings and '\\osrics' 115. C. Bruns Der Obelisk uud seine Basis aul dem
rlambridge r\1ass., 1957. Hippodrom zu Konstantirropei, c 69 c,r', o6p 40 c'-i'
)3. L. Zhiahoua. I\llr cr,q.; ,|I . 4tLqurctaa uur' ct'q 116. J. \Yilpert. Die romischen llosaiken und Male-

100
reien der kircblichen Bauten von IV bis XIII Jahrh., lI8. Amrn. Marcel. XXVII5T; Themist. X 135 c

1917, m6n. 108; Delbrueclr. Cor-rsulardiptychen, o6p. (1612^ cr.); B>N. B. Be,tnoo. Cne4eurlxra Ha TeMu-
14, c 41 ; S. Bettini. Friihchristliche Malerei, ra6,'I cruit ga TpaNran.-UAI,I, XIX, 1955, c 251 c,r.
81. llogo6na npI4qecKa Hoc14 I,t reJIoxpaFIure!'lflT or 1 19 3a tta 3anaAHdre rorll n Tparrtn
BbcraHLIflra
Kepqeucriara cpe6tpua qarua, Koqro ce Aartlpa or npes 376 r. nx. ,4. !,. !,.uumpea. Boccratlue Becrro-
cpeAara ur'II.r BTopara IIo,rloBuHa Ha 4. s. nex; nx /. roB Ha )IyHae u peBo,rtoqrzr pa6oe.- BAI4. 1950,
A. Maq4,teeu't. Cepe6pxHuafl qaua raa l(epura.-fla- rn. I, c. 66 u ca.
l{ffrHr.rxu locynapcrneunoro 3plturaxa, I I, ,{enralt-
rpag, 1926, c. 16 cn., ra6,r.L 3a,4pyrr,r Aarl.'lpaHxt 120. Amtn. Marcel. XXX16,5-6.
cpB. Delbruech. Spzitantike I(aiserportrdts, c 147 l2I Schtteider. urlr. ct,q., c.5 cn.; Barbier, qur. c:LtrI.
c,'I.
l'-'.2. Vot{,ach, uHr. cbq.
l17. H.
Koethe. Die Hermen von Welschbillig. -
Jdl,50, 1935, c. 232 cn., o6p. 10, 11, 39 u 40. 123. A. Grabar, Irl4r. cbq,
 CtA'npifiaHLIe

Vnog 7
{ypocropyr\{ -- aHrr4r{Hara Cunucrpa
OrxpvnaHe n ycrporicreo ua rpo6nzqara 13
{exoparneHa cncreMa 33
llaua 33

fpe4ope4 33
./Ircueru 34
Vxpaca Ha cBoAa 34
ZNoHorpafor" nu c1'eHorrucr4re 49
@urypa,ruu uso6paxeuus 49
leouerpuvnz opHaMeHrz 54
Pea,ruu 56

Crunosa xapaKTepr4crLrKa u 4arr4poBKa Ha creHolncr{Te 75

Ee"TexKr.{ 98
Pesrcnre rz crrlrcbK Ha r4,rrrocrparlr4zre Ha anrnnhcNu e:ruN 102
PesrcI,re rr crrr4cbK na HJrrocrparuir.lre ria QpeHcNH esrrx 107
PesrcMe u cilI4c'bK Ha l4,'Irocrpaulil4Te IIa He\rcKLt e3r4K I 13
 aKaap,waK n. n. ,uz,ntt,rrpoe I H cr.H.c. MAPU' qHqLIKoBA

K-bCHOAH T Uq H ATA f PO E HI,IIIA NPI4 CI4''IIICT PA

ruoHorpaQHa, HaJ'IrrHa, nbpBo u3AaHIle, 120 crp' c 20 qserHll,

49 uepuo-6e,rlr LrJ'llocrpaIlLIu u 8 rpaQuuHH cxeMli I'I qepTe)Kll

Peuens enru
ru.r.r.H., H c. BaHtI flonoea-MoPos
K H.H, cr.H.c. tr{eau MaPason
Pena rrop u

x.r.i.H. E,reua @,'ropeea, flern !,ouera

flpeno4u:
na aHtiruiicxu esr'ir Maprapnra A,rexcrteea
na Qpencxu esux Croru ll,ouen
Ha HeMcKH esux IOra !,uuurPlena

XygoxecrneHo oQopurne Cnerosap flHcapoe

XyAoxecrseu peAaKrop Klrpu'[ lrc'reN{eroe
i(opexrop Hilna B's,rqesa
TexHu.recxlt peAaKrop trZopnau trZop4anoe
CHuntxu Koncranrun TaH'tee;
Ne 15, 20, 26,34,37,,39, 50, 59 - !, ll !,runrpce
Cxeut u qepre)Kl'l apx. leoprn Bep6epon

JIrtr. rPYna lIi

Koa 30 95 382 7020'-125-86
AaAeHa 3a Ileqar na 5'VII'1985 r'
floAntrcasa 3a fier]ar na 30' I 1986 r
llsnttsra or reqar na 30' IX 1986 r
Oopuat Ha xapri4flra S/60i 84
Oopnrrt Ha rt3Aa]{Liero 27,5X'20
lleqarnu xo,ru l5
yllK 19,25
I4gAaie,ncxu xo;rri 14
Tnpax 1320 Llena 8 ne.

!,ll leoprn .[,untnrpc'n, 6ir'r' 'rlenrn 117

37
I,I:garelcrno Bllrapcxn xyAolKHuK' Moct<osctia
CoQrin, 1985

75 E (092)
-