BASIC DESCRIPTIVE STATISTICS

In a research study on presenting the research results, I have hard time thinking how they calculated the
amount of numbers of the data they collected and the ways on how presenting research result clearly.
Upon learning in this chapter that they use statistics to clarify results and to communicate effectively. In
this lengthy chapter, I will tackle the key lessons that enunciate how researcher present the data in
organized and understandable research. The descriptive statistics can be very hard to tackle but it is very
useful to research study.

There are techniques to use in presenting research result. This techniques help researcher to clarify and
understand their results. These includes percentage, rates, table and graphs.

+ Percentage is one of the frequent ways to represent statistics is by percentage.

The percentage asked “how many” or “how much”. Percentage are very useful, comparing samples with
different numbers of observations. By standard measures using scale of 0 to 100, samples can be
compared quickly and easily. The percentage is calculated by taking the frequency in the category
divided by the total number of participants and multiplying by 100%. The percentage can be obtained
from proportions by simply multiplying them by 100.

Proportion is a relationship of equality between two ratios. The difference between percentage and
proportion is proportion is an equation stating that two ratios are equivalent and the percentage is
fraction of hundred. The proportion help to determine the sample size of each domain or to evenly
spread sampling units over the study region. Proportion help researcher establish equivalent ratios and
solve for the unknown quantities.

+ Ratios, rates, and percentage change provide some additional ways of summarizing results that are
simple and clear. Even though there are similar to each other, each statistics has a specific application
and purpose.

+ Ratios are especially useful for comparing the relative size of different categories of variable and are
very determined by dividing the frequency in one category by the frequency in another. Ratios tell us
exactly how much one category outnumbers the other.

+ Rates provide still another way of summarizing the distribution of a single variable. Rate are usually
multiplied by some power of 10 eliminate decimal points.

+ Percentage change tell how much the score has changed at the later time relative to the earlier time.

I have learned that research result must be organized and understood quickly by the researcher and the
reader. Using this methods help researcher and the reader understand the clarity of the result of
research. Statistics in research deals with the basics in statistics that provides statistical randomness and
law of using large sample. Statistics for me was very hard to tackle because of numbers and solving but
it was more of wording like what our prof in class told us. It was hard writing this reflection because of
statistics and numbers. But in the end it was understandable why they use statistics in research, how
useful it to every researcher. I would definitely not forget how hard it was writing this, but this give
understanding on psychological statistics.