Environmental factors:

1-Environmental performance index

Every year the Yale University releases the Environmental Performance Index (EPI), it provides
a data-driven summary of the state of sustainability around the world. Using 32 performance
indicators across 11 issue categories, the EPI ranks 180 countries on environmental health and
ecosystem vitality. These indicators provide a gauge at a national scale of how close countries
are to established environmental policy targets.

At the same time, the Heritage Foundation provides a ranking of Economic Freedom, based in 12
freedoms — from property rights to financial freedom — in 186 countries. The principles of
economic freedom that have fueled the human progress are measured in the Index of Economic
Freedom, aiming to provide helpful insights to foster the development process and preserve it all
around the globe.
2-Ecological system
* https://data.footprintnetwork.org/#/
* https://wwfint.awsassets.panda.org/downloads/asia_pacific_reportlr.pdf
* https://blueandgreentomorrow.com/environment/singapore-eco-friendliest-
country-asia/

In the 1960s, Singapore started its journey toward sustainability. Thereafter,

a series of policies and movements were implemented, such as the Keep
Singapore Clean Campaign in 1968 and the Clean Air Act in 1971, which
transformed Singapore into a more sustainable city. However, Singapore
ranks fourteenth globally and first in Asia on the Environmental
Performance Index by applying: Reducing Energy Use, Greener Buildings
Thanks to Green Mark Guidelines, Innovative, Modern Eco-Friendly City
Structures, Understanding the Four Pillars of Environmental Sustainability
of{Economy, Living Environment, Development of People International
Collaboration}.
The ecological footprint is a method promoted by the Global Footprint
Network to measure human demand on natural capital, i.e., the quantity of
nature it takes to support people or an economy. The Ecological Footprint of
Asia and the Pacific is 1.6 GHA per person, which is 60% below the global
average of 2.7 GHA per person as shown
The positive impact of economic freedom to the environment is noticeable. It can be observed a J
or (check mark) shape in the scatter distribution. It’s usual to have a relatively high
environmental performance for extremely low development rates. However, as soon as this is
more intensive the performance drops: the priority is the economic growth rate rather than the
environment. Finally, when countries (and individuals) reach a certain development grade, they
try to seek a better environment quality, paying a little more for a healthier place to live. In these
terms, the environment behaves as a luxury good, the result is that as the personal income
increases, the environment benefits more than proportionally.

https://towardsdatascience.com/are-free-markets-wrecking-the-environment-f88fbdc88bf1
3-Staff attitudes
Singaporeans are less satisfied with their employers compared to their global counterparts,
according to a survey released on Tuesday (Aug 15) by human resources consulting firm
Mercer.Its findings show that employee engagement in Singapore has declined consistently over
the last three years - in stark contrast to the upward trend observed across the globe. In last year's
survey, 73 per cent of Singaporeans said they were satisfied with the companies they work for
compared to 82 per cent for the global average.
In addition to that, Singaporeans are less likely to endorse their organizations as good employers
- 76 per cent of employees in the Asia Pacific region would advocate for their companies as good
places to work, while only 68 per cent of Singapore employees are willing to do so.
(Reference 37)
https://www.straitstimes.com/business/economy/singaporeans-less-satisfied-with-their-
employers-than-workers-globally
4- Management style
Singaporean management is essentially a mix of global management styles. In Singapore, the
management challenge is typically on having the required versatility to deal with the various
cultures in the region, and at the same time maintaining strong compliance, process and targets.
In comparison, the Western management style concentrates more on results. Singapore
management places a rigorous focus on numbers and processes as seen in Western countries, but
it is Asian as well in that top management focuses more on the softer aspects in getting
consensus from all stakeholders. This combination delivers a good blend on results and a good
team dynamics. In addition, as each Asian country is different, the managers need to understand
the culture and the working style of each specific country. The executives here focus on
maintaining good connections with their teams in all of the countries of the region. This is very
important because most companies have their regional headquarters in Singapore – so the
Singaporean executives will need to interact with employees from Southeast Asia, South Korea,
Japan, China or Australia. Singaporean executives tend to be very global and very versatile, able
to embrace diversity and must have a good knowledge of the cultures, customs and local
languages in order to succeed.
(Reference 38)
https://www.pedersenandpartners.com/news/valuing-versatility-management-singapore-style-
revista-biz
5- Consumer Values and Behavior in Singapore
 https://www.statista.com/statistics/950002/singapore-influences-on-purchasing-
decisions/
 https://www.viettonkinconsulting.com/general/consumer-trend-in-singapore/
 https://www.smehorizon.com/what-singaporean-consumers-want-in-the-post-
pandemic-world/
 https://home.kpmg/xx/en/home/insights/2021/08/market-overviews-
singapore.html

As COVID-19 continues to upend work routines and personal lives, brands in Singapore
have intensified their focus on creating personalized and low-touch experiences that
address the changing needs of today’s customers. Mirroring the increased emphasis on
personalization across most surveyed regions, customers in Singapore are seeking out
experiences that are specially tailored for their needs. Brands, in turn, are looking to
harness data insights to better understand their customers.
Research by Qualtrics reveals regarding trends in Singapore are:
Consumer satisfaction in Singapore exceeds the global average. Three-quarters of
consumers in Singapore (73%) said they were satisfied with their brand interactions, in
comparison to 66% globally. Grocery stores (76%), and medical clinics (76%) both
delivered the highest levels of satisfaction, followed closely by banks and streaming
services (both 75%).
Consumers went digital, and most of them are not going back. Having embraced new
digital channels for most engagements during the pandemic, there is now a clear
differentiation between what behaviors consumers will continue to adopt and which ones
they will revert to – if at all.

Influences on Singaporeans’ decisions to buy a product

Customer trend in Singapore