AISC ASD PARAMETERS KX, KY, KZ, LX, LY, LZ, MAIN, TMAIN “The sequence of performing code check as par AISC Sth edition in STAD Is a follows: 1, Check for the slendemess exteron, 2. Check for deflection (if provided) 3, Check for combined axial and bending, “The member is designed and checked forrest of the provisions only if it passes the slendemess citerion, STAAD includes Ky, Kz, Ly, Lz.MAIN ané TMAIN parameters under design. These parameters govern the slendemess calculation ané allowable ‘axial compressive stress of a member in desig. ky and kz are the effective length factor along Y and Z axes respectively. LY isthe length to calculate slendemess rato for buckling about local Y ‘xs and LZ isthe length to calculate slenderness ratio for bucking about local Z axis. MAIN serves two purposes in the program. This parameter helps the user to advise the program to bypass the slendemess check ang also when defined witha value greater than unity helps to defineslonderness limit for Comaression, Ina similar way, TMAIN when defined witha value greater than unity defines slendemess but notin compression, but tension. For example, MAIN 300 ALL wil tell the program tha the member has a allowable slendemess value of 300 in tension. That i, in short this replaces ‘the default value of 200 with 300 Slende Im STAAD, the slenderness check is done along both major and minor axes (Z and Y axes), The program reports slenderness ratio as KyLy/ry and KeL.2ir forall sections in the TRACK 2 design output In steel design as per AISC ASD, clause 87 (see the picture below) ofthe code specifies that the slendemess value of the member should not ‘2x000d 300 for tension members and it should exceeds 200 for compression member.“The slonderness of a member is calculated as K muliplied by L dvided by r, where isthe effective Iongih factor, Lis the default length ofthe ‘member (unless otherwise specified) and isthe radu of gyration and it is calculated as sqrt (A). Design Parameter KX. KY and KZ ‘The effective length factor is defined as per the end conditions of a member. Inthe program there are two provslons of defining these factors, One ‘method is that we can ask the program to calculate the KY and KZ by clicking the CALCULATE tab in the GUI. By this the program calculates the K factor on the basis ofthe chart provided in section C-C2 of the code as shown below. However, this snot very relable and users are urged to check thee values, ctv ‘Other method is to speciy the 62:1 ofthe code as shown below. length factor by the user against the Ky and Kz parameter and these values can be obiained from Table C-LX. LYand LZ, LY Is the length to calculate slendemess rato for buckling about local Y axis and LZ is the length to caleuateslendemess rato for buckling about local Z axis. The default values thatthe program considers for LY and LZ are the respective member lengths. Let us lustate the problom with the fatiowing example. 'S0@ the attached STAAD fil, Abeam join the column at mid height. That i, the beam resirains the column from buckling about the Z axis, The ‘beam wil spit the column to two members. So forthe purpose of calculating tenderness along Z axis we have to provide LZ as 6.0 meters for both top and bottom members ofthe column whereas, when the slenderness about the Y axis need to be considered, then LY has to be provided as 10,‘Consider the following STAAD input fle ‘STAD SPACE [START JOB INFORMATION ENGINEER DATE 27-May-08 END JOB INFORMATION INPUT WIDTH 79 UNIT METER KN JOINT COORDINATES 1000;31.800;40 100;5 1.5 100;6050;71.550; MEMBER INCIDENCES246;337,464;575;567; DEFINE MATERIAL START ISOTROPIC MATERIAL £2.05e+008 POISSON 0.25, DENSITY 77 ALPHA 1.26-005 DAMP 2.80260-044 ISOTROPIC S E 2,056+008 POISSON 0.3 DENSITY 77 ALPHA1.20-005 DAMP 0.03 ISOTROPIC CONCRETE £2.17185e+007 POISSON 0.17 DENSITY 23.5616 ALPHA 16-005, DAMP 0.05 END DEFINE MATERIAL MEMBER PROPERTY AMERICAN 270 STABLE ST WIOX68, 6 TABLE ST W8X18 CONSTANTS: MATERIAL STEELALL SUPPORTS 19 FIKED MEMBER OFFSET6 START 0.05.00 LOAD 4 ULTIMATE SELFWEIGHT Y-1 LIST2 TOS PERFORM ANALYSIS PARAMETER 1 cove ais Ly 10 MEMB 2705 LZ5MEMB 2.4 TRACK 2. MEMB 2 4 anit kip inch CHECK CODE MEMB 2.4 print mem prop print material prop FINISH Let us consider the member number 2. In this case te program calculates the slendemess as follows. We have assumed the value of Kas 1.0. LZ 85.0 meters, the radius of gyration is equal to sqrt of I cvided by A K=10 =5.0= 500 om sqrt (ZA) = sqrt (16899.52/128) = 11.27 (The same is reported in the detailed output res Kure = 1.0 x 500 14.27244.95 “This value is denoted as KLIR-Z and in he output fle. Ina similar manner, the value of KLIR-Y can also be fours. Notes on slenderness calculation:- 1.) STAD by default checks slenderness for all members being CODE CHECKed of SELECTed, rogardless of whether or not they have an axial force. 2.) Members with zero axial fores are usualy checked against the slenderness limits for tension, 43,) For sinly symmotic shapes such as Tees and Double Angles, the KLir value for the Y axis is calculated by STAAD using the rules for FLEXURAL ‘TORSIONAL BUCKLING as explained in page 3-53 ofthe AISC ASD manual, Its not calculated as Ky multiplied by Ly divided by ry, This is because {or these type of members FLEXURAL TORSIONAL BUCKLING isthe primary mode of filure and not FLEXURAL BUCKLING. In case you don't want the member to be checked as per the above eiterion, you may set KX and LX to very smal values, ¢0 that, lexural torsional bucking will not govern, and flexural buckling will. In that sivaton, KyLy/Ry will match your hand calculation, ‘You can add the folowing commands to simulate that conditionKX 0.1 MEMB 1506 LX 0.1 MEMS 1506 ‘Apart from calculating slendemess, the aforementioned parameters are also used, in arriving atthe allowable stress in compression according to the clauses mentioned in CHAPTER E of the code. 2, ALLOWABLE STRESS. (On the gross section of axially loaded compression member tions meet the provisions of Table BS, when Kl, the ness ratio of ay unbraced segment is less than C,, the allowa 1 ltl KUR Co Fa (12x 3.14 x8.14 x 29732,7¥(28 x 152.1 x 182.1) =6s2 Uh for is. vary oar.However for some reasons, in my model wren KLIRs above Ce, the unity check snot calculated. Do you know why ? ‘sufaroogqueazam. ox tt scai0 thanks lewas very usfulto mo.thanks Hall, “One meri that we can ask te program o calculate the KY and KZ by licking the CALCULATE tain the GUL By this the program calbuats the K factor onthe bass of tho chat provided in section C-C2 ofthe code as shown below. (Could someone tell me how can | automatically calculate KY and KZ in Staad? Thanks, a DEAR SI, FROM WHERE | CAN GET THIS TABLE C.C2.1? (Chuan Nouyen Cong, ovr years aga ts vary helpful many thanks. ‘Taylor Steele For angle shapes, do LY and LZ apply about the princple local axes or te rotated local axes? assume the local principle axes but Ive found no documentation to confer, Would beta change how LY and LZ are app?