SHORT BIOGIOGRAPHY of CHARLES LAMB

Charles Lamb Birth: February 10, 1775, London, England.

Death: December 27, 1834, Edmonton.

Genre: Essays and Criticism. Best Known For: Essays of Elia (1823-33)

Father: John Lamb Mother: Elizabeth Field Lamb

School: Christ’s Hospital (till 1789) His Best Known Poem: The Old Familiar Faces (1789)

His Finest Poetic Achievement : On an Infant Dying as soon as it was Born(1828)

Charles entered at Christ's Hospital, a London charity school of merit, on 9 October 1782. Here he met
great literary figure Samuel Taylor Coleridge, who remained his close friend for a very long time. On 23
November 1789, because of his stammering Lamb left his school and was sent to Hertfordshire to his ill
grandmother,. In September 1791 he started working as a clerk first at the South Sea House and then at
the East India Company, where he remained for thirty-three years.

In Hertfordshire, Lamb fell in love with Ann Simmons. His "Anna" sonnets, which appeared in the 1796
and 1796 and 1797 editions of Coleridge's Poems, have a sentimental, nostalgic quality. All were written
after the love affair had ended, to Lamb's regret. His early novel, A Tale of Rosamund Gray (1798), is also
rooted in the Ann episode. Two of Lamb's arly sonnets are addressed to his sister Mary, who was ten
years older than Charles. She had mothered him as a child. But unfortunately Mary became mentally
unstable and on 22 September 1796 Mary killed their mother with a carving knife. Lamb at twenty-two
took full legal responsibility for her for life, to avoid her permanent confinement in a madhouse. She
also developed skills as a writer. But she was almost annually visited by the depressive illness which led
to her confinement for weeks at a time in a private hospital in Hoxton. (Lamb too had been confined
briefly at Hoxton for his mental state in 1795, but there was no later recurrence.) In 1819, at age 44,
Lamb again fell in love with an actress, Fanny Kelly, of Covent Garden, and proposed marriage. She
refused him, and he died a bachelor. His collected essays, under the title Essays of Elia, were published
in 1823.

In the years 1820-1825 Lamb made his reputation as Elia in the London Magazine. By 1825, though he
was still a clerk, Lamb's salary had risen after long service, and he was able to retire at fifty with a good
pension and provision for Mary. In 1834, Lamb fell and died of erysipelas a few days later. Mary lived on,
with a paid companion, till 1847. Some of Lamb's fondest childhood memories were of time spent with
Mrs. Field, his maternal grandmother who was for many years a servant to the Plummer family in
Hertfordshire. Charles often visited this and was in love with it.
Christ's Hospital was a typical English boarding school and many students later wrote of the terrible
violence they suffered there. Years later, in his essay "Christ‘s Hospital Five and Thirty Years Ago," Lamb
described these events, speaking of himself in the third person as "L." Charles Lamb suffered from a
stammer and this "an unconquerable impediment" in his speech robbed him of many things he really
deserved. While Coleridge and other scholarly boys were able to go on to Cambridge, Lamb left school
at fourteen and was forced to find a more prosaic career. Charles Lamb, having been to school with
Samuel Coleridge, counted Coleridge as perhaps his closest, and certainly his oldest, friend. On his
deathbed, Coleridge had a mourning ring sent to Lamb and his sister. Accidentally, Lamb's first
publication was in 1796, when four sonnets by "Mr. Charles Lamb of the India House" appeared in
Coleridge's Poems on Various Subjects. In 1797 he contributed additional blank verse to the second
edition, and met Coleridge, William and Dorothy Wordsworth.

In London, Lamb became familiar with a group of young writers who supported political reform,
including Percy Bysshe Shelley, William Hazlitt, and Leigh Hunt. Lamb created a portrait of his father in
his "Elia on the Old Benchers" under the name Lovel. Lamb's older brother was too much his senior to
be a youthful companion to the boy but his sister Mary, being born eleven years before him, was
probably his closest playmate. Lamb was also cared for by his paternal aunt Hetty, who seems to have
had a particular fondness for him. A number of writings by both Charles and Mary suggest that the
conflict between Aunt Hetty and her sister-in-law created a certain degree of tension in the Lamb
household. However, Charles speaks fondly of her and her presence in the house seems to have brought
a great deal of comfort to him. He died of a streptococcal infection, erysipelas, on 27 December 1834,
just a few months after Coleridge. Lamb is buried in All Saints' Churchyard, Edmonton. His sister, who
was ten years his senior, survived him for more than a dozen years. She is buried beside him.