TERNARY COMPOUND

- is a compound containing three (3) different elements. -An example of this is sodium phosphate (Na3PO4) **the sodium ion has a charge of 1+ and the phosphate ion has a charge of 3-. Therefore, three sodium ions are needed to balance the charge of one phosphate ion. Another example of a ternary compound is calcium carbonate (CaCO3). This has: -Sodium (Na) -Chlorine (Cl) -Oxygen (O).

Rules for Naming Ternary Compounds:

1.) Identify the symbol of the cation (first part of the name) and the anion. 2.) Identify the valence or charge of each symbol and place it in parenthesis just above the symbol 3.) Balance the total positive and negative charge on the cation and anion. You ask yourself do the total positive charge and total negative charge add up to zero. If the answer is no then we ask how many of each ion must we have in order to balance charge. We must have the same number of positive charges as we do of negative charges. Another way of saying that is that they must add up to zero. 4.) Once you have determined the number of units of the cation and anion those become the subscripts which are placed right after the respective symbol.

So for example what is the formula of Copper (I) Oxide?

1st Step: Copper is Cu and Oxide is O. (CHECK!) 2nd Step: For Copper (I) that would be +1 and for Oxide that would be -2. (YEAH!) 3rd Step: Since each Copper is +1 and each Oxide is -2 then it will take two Cu+ to balance one oxide with a -2 so that 2(+1) + 1(-2) = 0. The numbers outside the parenthesis become the subscripts in the formula (YEY!) 4th Step:

Cu2O

Notice that we don't bother to place a subscript 1 after the Oxide symbol. That is because a subscript one is understood to be so. If it was zero it wouldn't appear at all in the formula. **Also note that all binary compounds end in "ide"**

OXYACIDS
-Any oxygen-containing acid that is usually formed from the reaction of a nonmetal oxide with water. **For oxyacids IUPAC proposed TWO NOMENCLATURES, in addition to admit as valid common names, are the additive names and the hydrogen names. **The additive names are based on the structure of the acid, naming differently the oxygen that are tied to the acid hydrogens (hydroxido), and the oxygen only united central element (oxido). These names carry prefixes corresponding di-, tri-, tetra- and so on. And are named in alphabetical order followed by the name of the central atom. Prefix-hydroxido-prefix-oxido-CENTRAL ELEMENT Example HClO Cl(OH) HClO2 ClO(OH) HClO3 ClO2(OH)

hydroxide-chlorine hydroxide-oxido-chlorine hydroxide-dioxido-chlorine

**the hydrogen names are formed by the word "hydrogen" with the prefix that shows us the number of atoms of hydrogen, between brackets the word "oxido" with the prefix that shows us the number of atoms of oxygen, followed by the central atom finished -ate. Prefix-hydrogen (Prefix-oxido-CENTRAL ELEMENT-ate) Example: HClO Cl (OH) HClO2 ClO (OH) HClO3 ClO2 (OH)

hydrogen (oxidochlorate) hydrogen (dioxidochlorate) hydrogen (trioxidochlorate)

OXYANIONS
- An oxyanion or oxoanion is a chemical compound with the generic formula AxOyz (where A represents a chemical element and O represents an oxygen atom). -Oxyanions are formed by a large majority of the chemical elements. -The formula of simple oxyanions is determined by the OCTET RULE. -The structures of condensed oxyanions can be rationalized in terms of AOn polyhedral units with sharing of corners or edges between polyhedra. The phosphate and polyphosphate esters AMP, ADP and ATP are important in biology.