Author: Jonathan Davin Tanudjaya

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Skeleton and Muscles………………………………………………… Slide 2
Vertebrate And Invertebrate……………………………………Slide 6
The Sun And The Solar System…………………………………Slide 10
Properties of Solid, Liquid, and Gasses…………………...Slide 15
Particles Models(Solid, liquid and Gases)……………..…Slide 17
Melting, Freezing and Boiling……………………………………Slide 19

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Skeleton is made from bone. In a human skeleton,
we have 206 bone in our body. We have a
important bones that can also protect our internal
organ.
They are:
Tibia
Skull Rib cage And Fibula
Ulna Pelvis

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Muscle is make shape to our body. Skeleton and
muscles work together for us to move. There are
600 muscles in the human body. Muscle has some
movement. They are relaxed and contract. There
is also the part of the muscle. The Example is
Bicep and triceps.

Bicep

Triceps
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When we bend our arms, bicep contract but
triceps relax.
When we straighten our arms, triceps contract
but bicep relax

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Vertebrate have backbones. The name of the
vertebrates is called endoskeleton. Endoskeleton
are lighter than Exoskeleton. As the animal grows
so does their skeleton

Invertebrate don’t have a backbone. The name of

the invertebrate is called Exoskeleton and
hydrostatic skeleton.

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 Animal with exoskeleton have their bone in outside.
they shed their skeletons. Exoskeletons do not grow
with the animal. Therefore the animal has to shed its
skeleton and produce a new one.
example of Exoskeleton:
† Spider
† Cockroaches
† Grasshopper
† Shrimp
† Lobster
† Crab
And more
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Hydrostatic skeleton don’t actually have any bones. All
animals with Hydrostatic skeleton
Are in vertebrates. Instead these animals have a fluid-
filled compartment in their body called a coelom.
Example Hydrostatic skeleton:
† Earth Worm
† Jelly fish
† Sea star
† Squid
† Sea urchin
† Octopus
And more
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The Sun is a huge star that Earth and the other
planets in our solar system orbit around. The
Sun’s core is around 15 million degrees Celsius.
The Sun is temperature 500°C

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Mercury Venus Earth Mars

Mercury is the Venus is the Earth is the third Mars is the fourth
first Planet in our second planet planet from the planet from the
solar system. from the Sun. Sun. From space, Sun. It is
Mercury is very Venus is the we can see that it sometimes called
hot because, hottest planet in appears blue the Red Planet
Mercury is very the solar system. because around because of the
close from sun. it has an average 71% of the Earth’s brownish-red
Only two surface. surface is covered colour of its rocky
spacecraft have It is often called by water. The surface.
ever visited Earth’s sister earth is called Mars has two
Mercury. planet, as they blue planet. moons they are
are similar in named Phobos
size and made of and Deimos.
similar
materials.
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Jupiter Saturn Uranus Neptune
Jupiter is the Saturn is the sixth Uranus is the Neptune is the
fifth planet from planet from the seventh planet eighth planet
the Sun, and the Sun. It is another from the Sun. It is from the Sun,
largest planet in gas giant. The an ice giant . It is and another ice
our solar system. rings of Saturn still a mystery giant. It’s so far
Jupiter is a gas made up of why Uranus has away that it is
giant . The gases countless small such a large tilt. the only planet
in Jupiter is chunks of rock not visible from
hydrogen and and ice. Earth without a
helium. A day telescope. It is an
on Jupiter is extremely cold
only ten hours planet with the
long fastest winds in
the solar system.

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Earth has one moon .Only one side of the
Moon is visible from Earth. In 1969, Neil
Armstrong was the first person to ever walk
on the Moon. As he took his first step onto
the surface of the Moon, he said the now-
famous words: ‘That's one small step for
man.

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Solid
 A solid has a definite shape
 Solids have higher density.
 Solids have high melting points.
Liquid
 The particles has little movement
 The same shape of the place
Gas
 Can move around
 The particle can move a lot
 They can be compressed

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Solid:
Solid particle is moving in one place
and hardly move

Liquid:
The particle of liquid is move a lot and
move a part

Gases:
The particle of gases is move quite a lot
and move far apart

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Melting
Melting is a physical process that result in the phrase transition of a substance
from solid to liquid
Example: Melting ice, chocolate and butter

Solid changing state Liquid

Freezing
Freezing is the opposite of melting. Freezing is when something change from
Liquid to Solid. It happen when the temperature is lower, usually due to cooling.
Example:

Liquid changing state Solid

Solid ------heat-----→ Liquid ------cool-----→ Solid

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Boiling
Boiling is the process change from a liquid to
gasses. The temperature in a substance boil when
is heated it’s called boiling point. We measure
temperature with thermometer. The unit we use
is degrees Celsius.
Example:

Liquid changing state Gases

This is water boiling. Water has a boiling point of 100 ‘C

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