I /__

T , I ri\

t l. L

l:l.e.o:l.. -f'lu:x: --. q_-=- _Q__ • ~

fl rnL-

-t_ lEYn.p<&o.:h..t21e cl'i1£ei~ c Q o:ns.l&Slliihv:n on ➔ i:mpotd:o\11 Ofrl irof,on

~ &l£S.\j'l:J a8 ch£m\ C_gl -f~ _ ➔ J:des,_gn ~ 'oeateY1cd1aaff?1 ~
t==----- --+_:°": _.:~cn:L ... coll echo ?!S ➔ Feo.£i,blrtg, s,bin_g
===~-----l-➔--7he'1.trJg\ ~c+s in bn,ld, ng
r---- -------1-..:
"'_ _(R_e-1')>\'ei'bo, l:o'b and B'i'h con d1 non111_g
Wlm~ 1<

omvec:tion -➔. accu~s -tb2lovgh fluid p-no re,,iieg,

i----- - - - - t - -- - - - - - - - - - - - - ---
· _l<_A_d_d T-1'\----------l~"'-D.!..s::..u..1,___:j
1-- --- --P -"~ ~~ ~£ __ __ --- -~J
[

L - - - + - - - - - - - - - - - - - - --·_1
 - I /_

G_ ,. - !Cf\ clT
-
di'\.

d"'r\ (x ~ - KA dT
-T VQ)t\ eA f)iom "Tl to T'l..

" Vo>tl e>... t'1om o +o .Q..

2
s0
d)l ~ :7.
T~

J- kA-dT

5( L Q-D~ "]!......-_ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ __ _7
. .!:~-~' =--'=- -=
- tfil:.T1.-
• (x : - le B [_T 2- - ,, ] ,,

R
-=>-J
' - -~~~ ~~wa~1~1_: ~ -L~- [~4~J~n~c~~·o~n4- ~~~ o
~ a__~= -- A~~~w=n~'~
Rwa,, l<A
[ K tw ""J I
- a-~a-1_-
~ - lli -oo-t.~-~g-\-,-s -w-ns~rn-nt~ ~ - ~I
con- rll-~#~-vi-=- ~- m
<l) N.o mtetnal beot-€1en~a_tioo I
_ _ d) le.m~a:h1't~ ~adie nt is cons tant
- - ¼> a.1~ 'n 1 I
--------'---1
-5) .µ,;;,&,ll.\A /..L.LML.-~- -----"""'-'--"'' - - -u.L><...~::..!....!....W-""'+-
- - - - - -- -

.•
01 A -le.tnp

_ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ __ _ _ _ ___J

T= Ci-'Y\. t C -i
 _/_/_

,___--J_1J~~Lli2~
~ ': C~CO +c ------___:..---J
I , = ~_l!_____---- --------J
!:___------+----~ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _J
/I

::---------+-~~~____:t__Q;L_
~ C L- +-('2..

Cl ; T2-- T, I
7
/I

:.=;._____ _
L _ _ ___,____ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _
+-_ _.....,::;_
T : \~- T,

"
'l'\. -\
L-

b
r: a.to
r
;:::;::,
n

I -

F-

t[ ct_ -::::.
A

"' -- ~fi -\7

d,-,
-::

~l. T~
T,
a,. d'l -:.
- !<fl dt ➔ ,'J -:.
-k
,, dt

?.
 _/_/__I
A:: 'JlTI tc:.f ,ll - T1.. -
L Inf 912-/91,7

0 rf\v,,J. r ,,\ • •-_IA ...

:: \n c~~,<ri, J
--.J

&TTLl<

~ (i'\' - -'ri-nn\ hear r"vi ~,,,.,ti oh -fu<n ~ :-' -· • - , I N"t -o '1d\ no~ o : ..

o-i T + I f nT 7 ~ \ rL ~~T 1 -+ a-i-T "'\" 'L =- I ~,-

l ~,, J '1,_ o~tl>~ J ~ ol ot-
o>-1:2.
" 3z-2'

ot, ,~ .\ot\~,, S-tn4~ OYIP ,!: .. " - iDnn\ 'l'\n - ~v,\e,,na\ he flt:
J
-
I -· ..- •· nn •
u

=> ?;"1. "T t I r o-T ·7 :. 0

a'1'l. " L ~" J
.
~ d r~ ,.J~ '1 - rt -
(

d'1 L d.c,i J ' '

'h dT : C, .
~

di :: C, ..4q., ." I

" j
f)Y1 ~ ~-- -
Q
A - ',',00
_,
•'
T : ln'1 c, -\' C-i. '
I

-1
I

~f)OY1 rln'11\
.... ronci\tlO \'\ t ,~ Ti fl"° Ck~a.. •
. i

-,- ~ To nl-: q, ~ c,\o I

0\1 Cl Pr:> 14- ina -.I

(0. c._ -I .
T, ~
\n o/\i, C, -t ('.,

t n .,. \ n '110 c, -t C2.,

... '
~
~ _/_/__

~ ---t--------------
~ - - - - - 1 -1<~0'...::-=--.!
ILJL,L ~~- ~\nL'1~o~C.jtc...:-: __J_\!'_'Tl~o/\~i,~c..~,_ _ _ _ _ _. ! . - - - - - - -
10 - Ti,

To - "1~ If

- n To- Ti- + C2.

~ - - - - - + - - -_____l _ri ___:.[_'1_c:/_'h_i._ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ __

~
+ C-i.

Ti~ \n

Ti ln "o - T · n'h · ~ Ti 'Tl · - To h · -c. Ci. \n ~o '1 ·

\,,\n'ho- Toln'h~ II

, -::. "i L - Tc-To ';'/" ~r ! •

= To-T~ h,'h "

 _/ __ /_
I

-- Co.nduc:Hon ➔ aio..'ro1c and n - i o \ e c . ~ ~

.-- - - ') bo bulk, Cati) '.Inat'hOS.r.Q oi c O~"H\llt"l.t -.I

-_,, xn olP tuJ e.t m,e clos.elo..... C.P aC Pd •

.0 )"n o\ e£'o\a31
cte .91
•~ ar +i on -~ Q9 1.e ~- o-n ....
~n du ce d bu
E' h~-9:M -\Ch an .s:£ez1. _:i
o \r. tl- \02 tl1 0v( 09,
-r
--1'~;)1
nt or oi c. A
1--ILV.1

'

-,
I

1
1
 _/_/__

(\}, •• "'II\
"
• - 1c~ r- ,1. --r, l
~
-- o,-=i.Y- c~-,_s) [no-40]
o-:s
(X ll~\\ : ~ • q,90 1(111

-r = r T::i.-T1 7)\. 4 ,-,

L L J
-r =- ( 110 - 40_7 '/,.. O•.t -+ \\0
L O·tS J
-r::

~/03 I.AM')
Al:l~P'1ir-nl C?.11.stem ~-
fi?n A~a,\ heat r OYI Au c.-li nn ..\h~rni a\.,
- -u

~ f) I ln<Hpa,-41 I l,,mt ('()Y1~L11"'+;011 PQIIO<tinn "!.- , 1- 1-s ~ Pr\uced. +o

..,, V

d.. r ll1'2. cl.T 1 .eQ

d~ L 491 J
Im, ? 'r.=,~. l'hYlO_, •,t • ~'2-dT ::. c,
(J
d'}-1
I
dT ~ dci-i c, - I
91~
I
,~ ,, - C1
-
+(').. ~ (i) I
I
1
l'firumrJnC1n11.... rol'Jrl~ -t1om~ !-
\-:: Tt nt, ~-:. ~\ I
T~ lo at en~ 9-to
I
iTo ~ c, -+ c"l.
I
I 't1o

/~, ~
- C1 i Ci.
<rt ·1..
.l
 """""'
===t
~ _/_/_
~
~

,. -
f\"n 90}\l~Y'lq 40 [l\.••1(\\1€ Pr11,n ttoos ..
~
- V ~

-.
~

~
1-r;.. -- 1i. - - c,
Cy!.:>
r
-c,
'rt\,
-.

~ To-ti, ::,.
c, r~- I 7 -.
~
'-- '7t l, ")-10 .J
rti -.
C, -:: to-"T\.,
_, -
~ r ' - ,7 -,

~ L 'tl \, J ~"l)

r
i':'I
To ·= - r 'to - '"1 ~
Lr~-..!__ 7
- .,__ \

<)-to
·r C.'L,
-
-
'~ ..,
L.
'

id

~ C'2.. = To--\"" r -ro-Ti, --

~ L ~0 f ,,,,_ i ·- 1h, 0 l '
q, 0 -1
F' L
-, '!::. I,. --t- r \o - 7'"1'.., 7 -
'.:!:]'1
\.

J
/

~ ~oJ'tt ~ ·- \ o/10- 9'\i.

'- ,

~
_j___

- To -t \ \Q - 7: (, l-,. ~-, - 'M t.

~
~
L o/10 -<:)1 L J

_}

w ' .
b)
~
-
- \ : \\I ... ( 'Tt--To 7 ~\'n~ r 'J\. -~~ 7
~
' ' '·
q-,;-'rlo L <n ~~ J
...l _.
Lo

bJ
~
......
'~ ""fi +- 'no \

'"'L
'1.- <n\,
~ - <=>rt~
l r
J
lo ·- 1 t 7 _.

~
.....-, ' I .
' ' -
1...::2 i
'
~
~
;..,-
~

-......
~

~
~
~
 _/_/_

t:t d'1
A dT

-: - 4TT I'-

4 rr 1e [ '10 91 t J ( -ro - Tl- J

'31. t - "1.o .

Tc-10
1
un~

'-lITI<

ii_;..
1 , - - - - - - - - - - - - -1
~
'-
1 , ------------- Q=,,,:"'

iiP":::

-=-=
~
 _ /_ /_

+P'Y1'.1 ~ o t-tc. 9, (0
·-lte
-- 1> ~e.t~llJ\ne ~ .i~mffh.Q_+r J'h p
di ~ e.nce be tw ~n &.sidei
fl.},1 1
\I

~ a
r\1Pnt. n,v,rl

50 mm thicki b'r!gS~
~a l\ -
'"" - C\1n-\e ~Q \-.Or.+ ~ \nu
; ~~
rJiii1tmal CQnd.vcf!\11 tu.... =t-o 1d rn, ,~ -t\,e
-
~ _~o wlor:. I

- - -:--fiom Pe! h Q. t l1~f

is ()e 'o rn ,t\,°1C.,~ 1

cl~ A b!i'LC'K' rnoll r k ::. o- 9 w Im 1<. 7 9:H:' gp ect ivlM 9 ral CY..P
"'
·I<
• :maiO 5o c. o:nd 'i?,o c, 0

eR \Dn0:t an d oukeJ:i 1S
En d ;h e :teni r at: on -
ihe_heat..)Q~ ,hno Ujh l m1.. Mea ~ fi\S o
n0 ·l-t°'h , . ..n ll-
non ,
rl,,qtr-1n+. +'<
• ~1-1 ('f( '
rote>ucfu p...oin_+
0
.nD •-H-o 100 1,/
V

. I

,'

I
"'

-
-
-
 -- I - I -

_ a.nd 19 c.rrL o9t~

0
c · a-nd -
. ~- ~ ;-\-1€.

\n [5/&oS]

h, [91°/,iiJ \n 'ha/ 'hi .J

~ '2.00-lOO \n[2> -:J51

0
-\ \OO\n Cs] - ~00\t,(~'5)

T:. \Oo "'- \.- 3~1

1•

-
1- ~(,,
•• I 0
 _/_ /_

·v \

i'n c\. 1t1e

0 'rf) " e ine-
 .J" -
✓
..:I
----
I I
-1'
-
-
ll11.1c,w Foe:: .~
_, --
?> ,, T "' ...-.. ...liame:\e, = 3~ mm
n,~~ ,-l_in- -· --;. t 4 '-I mm

I<:. 14 Wlm K
"2..rr I ~ r Tt -T" -
L ln [~:a./'11] _
r sso - 450
-
-= ,, -,._ ?i•1u 'JC.. lLI
L ln C21 /Jb] _

---
j") te.mP fl T:" hf'1 \ .p 1t,1111 .,

- -
W ~1 :
T= 10- T~ '"" (<),'°'\ +- TL. \h ,,~ - IC h, '1 i
"o ,~, -r.:-
._. -

.r
'I

,h r
-

7
1"" r '10/ "iJ

-: ;so -4 so
1
I '
l"' ( 2. } lb]

, O· 2.:=1-1
- /h8 f- 0\ I · , V r,'- '
·-
:
= w

C}t t ~ Ib ;. 1•'1 s = 1-:i, ~ s m Nl

3
-t )(it> ln [ '2..\ 1-.\0- ] - Silt>
.'
\I') tn. Mt,- J=~-=,d::::!::,.-!lli
3

T= .i
.l,n r 'l..l/ \~ J I( ;~~
- JI
- -
:JI
.
~- _.
1 =- .1,30 ~ -4· 0..5 ..
I ....
- b,.
--
...
- - -""
-
4 92, 4 ·c., -~ -..:.

iii) km,:, ,
rrl: .3/1.1..., aD inne)\ n"'d c ~ dia.me-\ei ;-
V

91' :-; \b t ~- ➔ 5 = tC\· 11 5

I
 ~ _;_ ;_
~
-----
!=::a.§
3 "t 416 CCI.O Iv, r ""11~10'~- r;t;olllh lb _
-- I= 580 - 450 It"! [ 19· ~s 1'\0 J
F\t h,, ( '2.\ I lb ::1
~
In ['l.1/lb ]
.,.,
.

, ~
~
~
- \Q "":{- i-, -1 ~ + r \".2,C/1-, ·'3 4 :::1

r""'
---
~
rp

~
M
~
~
J .. ,

~
~
~
!,,,;;:;.
V

P4 :

Hf
~
...,-
L..:!A
.
(
~
~ ..
~ .
',.
.... !
... l
~
.
~
~IIJ
~ ....
..
'
t
t
I •
 14 /oah.022

.------'-'--f--!=M..L....i.C..uonl'.lld.ll.uu.:.c....un.,y_v t.t~~,d s
.!...J;i ➔ __: 4-tlmab. \09t.gen iha.n ~ tl-ienm QI
i - - - - - - + - - - - - - - - - - - - - . . :Canduc-t:iv,·ild- ~ -a.2,_,____ __--1
. - - - - - , . - - , .-LU.A;u-q.-"--'--"-----'=-tr-- J . U . . ~
"'~t'D .o '
r-------r--------,-.,--"'-u....u~\LL ~ _ o g - ----------1

➔ ?u'.he eto s

I ....J·1"'l--""11----l-'- '-'---j
1 - - - - - - . . i . . . . : . + " ' - W - - L f - > " " " ' - = ~ ~ ~ ~ - ~ ~ - ~ ~ ~ - • - ~......~C-a:n@c,..C..u·a-"v.J

oS~] [

" \.J \ato'h ~ t

l'l<'W,,,,01r-'1'117n~ :-

Me
.J

5
 _;_;_

~
---
~----
~--

= \ ,
~
L + \

2.1...
A

sooc.. A p E
C

10, b•b·L

As m~ :L

r2o+-R-e
1
t'/Rc
I - I I
I
g~ =- L -=- '5~ \0-"2. -~ 1.<._lw
'::;
LO
kA 50' )(. \

'::; L ~ tO ')(. 10 -"l... -::.t><to-i fc/w -~~

k~ IO 1-- O•S
=- L t 10 ')(. It>" '- ~ ~-9-9.S )(. ,o-'l-
---- -
~lw
KR- b ·b"l 1'-0•5
3
teo -: L =- O• 0S - ~
4
S XI D-
kA &O ,.__ \
- '3
:. L = O•O 5' ·= XI O
K.f} 30,c.....l

()o QO \ ~ •O c:l S+ .o ol b ·.
\

= .0 1~ 1c w
~0 0 -l' 00

is -to
ma .te nia \

so w .

LI.OQ II
K'wa11 A
 _;_ /_

; 1450
I.too - , s :::) \ \ S'7
0 =
L
0•5 "t L 0 ' -=t- -t
o·~&
I· 4 .,._ 1 O•iS"I

f(S-=l- -+ L
o•as
0•&1-:.\- "' 0•115'":J t L ~ : .tb\ rn

c
 0
'n ft.::c. en

= dT
d~

To- T"-

d~ hP (1 i-7 ;J J ~ 0 "l... ':: hP '::: -

~fl
tcP
;::
de d. T
d'l- -T 't9- ~ ~,
-1"1")"1'\
;- C'le rr,~
 JJ
e
_.p
e -
---t--1k~L:ind_!L4±JOL_ _ _ _ _ _ _ _

, --V--flh_J~~-bQ.~B.o.unl<lhU_c_c}Ilddilini.c , ---- -
=:-L
' ou;n~j_

e
eo
T-T~ n,P
To-T~
' I
I .

()
_. ' --- - ,- ---.. -
-
..-
~

..,.. - ,.., .,e e

-\'Ylt'\
-~ e ':- Q
-ml"

\O - \cb
60
tlJ

0
rJJ
.. rn
1
/m h P 80 ~-""'"'
0
 I I

-mlO o
Q - e

"" \ hPe
fYl

To~T~

Kfi hf> )(. To-T~ 11

e -- cos h rn [ \r-"" 'J

6b Cosh m L

F'n ·veness :

➔ TntQ,n1 Q, ~e ,s ·\-tlncf>
a,t~te,,i St\c

' LO, I 1

K
lo - I~. :fc. V
Su~~ce'he.9\St<l11C<Z'
:: hLc..
j,<

on
 I I
1
- -4f---jr1,--L-.:...il..o:wlfilL.Q}Ql?-J2...Joruffi'QnJ.QmCJ'.u)l_~-~" 1s-±o be _.tued_ ctb'1
, - - -1 -16,~:..1::&:Q_W'.!,S;__Jl't\~E'A~S~u~~errn,rue;:.:in1Jt~ rrmL:t12:fue~Q.2. S'.\-11.eg_ll:k_~Lc..o.mi e.c.:tlo.n
0

r-- - - ru...u...L______:l-..l..UJLI.U.]:ui__--U2Joe.W r\ent bl v.:> ~ ~ c L Su~-th c e.. ~LS

r-- - - - ~~~I.U.,,..,..J..L__-l-1: Q!,!___J;b~<?,.___:4~oo lD In,'2· '5- ' ' Junc:tio r) '\bf}lmO f'-n~s\ C9' ~o~ }'1~
r------J""'-___,_-=--__,___,__ --'-><.;"'-...::-+--f.:,,,a-r:::,__~-"-i.- 'a.So.~lm3 , \< = ~a y,;,_j m_
__
r--- - - -- , - - -- -- ~ - .-i---~ ~~ - ~ - - -ty\Wd.€ d o...~ ..J.t.e,ima) c.ouP 1
·=---s.JU e,
• h' OY1 iS
eC :r\3 ·1t(-;? JUY'IC
fh°'--\; iS ()-t:: ;;:> oci C .
C \
A
f\ A