Professional Documents
Culture Documents
Laboratory ojtchtt(volog); Tol~.o UniversiO:of Fisheries, 4-5-7 Konan. 3/linato-ku, To~,o 107}-8477, Japan
(e-mail: ad95208@ec, to@o-u-fish, ac.jp)
(Received 27 October 1998; in revised form 20June 1999; accepted 24August 1999I)
Key words.-- Assam; Channidae; neotype; new species: tropical rain forest.
he family Channidae contains 26 species, 23 oc- species, including the new species, distributed in the
T curring in Asia and the rest in Africa (Bonou and
Teugels, 1985; Musikasinthorn, 1998). Currently, the
same river basin.
Fig. t. C}aan~aazr sp. nov., holoD~e, KUMF 3135, 190.8 mm SL, market at Dtgrugar~'~town,
Dibrugarh, Assam, India.
Fig. 3. Suprabranchial organs (right side) of Channa aurantimaculata sp. nov. (paratype, NSMT-P 55735,
190.7 mm SL). Scale bars indicate 5.0 ram.
gle, without satellite openings (Fig. 2). of both. Top of epibranchial respiratory fold indented,
Bodyelongated, relatively slender, cross-section at- middle portion constricted. Hyomandibular process
most circular in anterior portion, somewhat com- expanded, dorsoventrally elongated with a dorsome-
pressed posteriorly, Body depth greatest at insertion dial notch, and stalked almost at a right angle
of dorsal fin. Body width greatest at insertion of pec- from inner surface of gill cover. Hyomandibular
toral fin. Dorsal and anal fin bases long (65.0-67.5% process almost completely supported by part of
and 40.1-41.8% SL, respectively). Pelvic fin short hyomandibular bone.
(7.6-8.5% SL), length less than 50% of pectoral fin Coloration.- In life: Dorsal side of body dark
length, not reaching anal fin. Outer margins of pec- brown to black, ventral side whitish. Seven or eight
toral and caudal fins rounded. large irregular orange blotches on upper half of body,
Head elongated (31.0-32.8% SL). Snout broad, with several smaller, and very pate orange blotches
rounded. Interorbital region almost flat. Orbit not between former in some specimens. Lower lateral
reaching dorsal contour of head in lateral view. side of body yellow, golden or orange, becoming blue
Mouth large (44.6-45.9% HL), maxilla extending ventrally. Small irregularly-shaped black spots scat-
clearly beyond posterior margin of eye. tered ventrolaterally on body. Five black vertical
Dentition.- Many small conical teeth embedded bands on pectoral fins, vivid orange between bands.
in premaxilla, an additional series of somewhat larger Pectoral fin base blue with a black medium to large-
conical teeth embedded anteromedially. Some small sized blotch. Pelvic fin rays gray, membranes white.
teeth and 3 large conical teeth on prevomer. A row of Dorsal and anal fins blackish-orange basally and
variously-sized conical teeth with 7 or 8 large canine- blackish to black distally. Many small laterally elon-
like teeth on each side of palatine. A row of small to gated black spots on dorsal and anal fin membranes,
medium-sized conical teeth on each side of dentary, forming 3-4 band-like rows, especially posteriorly.
irregulary interspersed with 5 or 6 large canine-like Caudal fin background generally blackish-orange,
teeth. Maw small conical teeth on outer portion of with 3 or 4 black band-like rows anteriorly.
anterior region of dentary. Dorsal and lateral side of head dark brown to
Morphology of suprabranchia! organ (Fig. 3 ) . - black, greenish-blue to blue between scales. Lower
Inner surface of suprabranchial chamber generally lateral portion of gilt cover orange to yellow'. Ventral
smooth. Surface structure of epibranchial respiratory side of head whitish with many small to medium-
fold and hyomandibular process generally simplified sized irregular black blotches. Gill membrane black-
except for many tiny projections on lower portions ish.
A N e w Channid Fish from Assam 31
Fig. 4. Type locality of Channa aurcmtimaculata sp. nov. (~). Dotted area indicates Assam State, India.
Broken lines indicate national boundaries.
In alcohol: Similar to flesh coloration, but all for- small black spots scattered on body) (Hamilton
merly orange, yellow and golden areas white, and [1822]; Playfair [1867]; Shaw and Shebbeare [1938];
greenish and bluish colors lost. Talwar and Jhingran [ 199 t ]; present study).
C. barca, C. stewartii and C. amphibeus can be
Distribution. The new species is known only distinguished from C. aurantimacuIata by lateral line
from the Brahmaputra River basin at Dibrugarh, scale, and dorsal and anal fin ray counts (Table 3), as
northern Assam, India (Fig. 3). well as by the absence of large orange blotches (white
in preserved specimens). The black vertical bands on
Etymology. The specific name, aurantimaculata, the pectoral fin are very vivid, the orange colored re-
is a Latin adjective refering to the orange blotches gions between them also being clear in C. auranti-
(aurantium=orange, maculatus=blotch) on sides of maculata (Fig. 1), whereas the bands are less vivid,
the body in the new species. thinner and obscure on the posterior portion of the
pectoral fin in C. barca and C. stewartii, and absent
Remarks. Channa aurantimacuIata is superfi- in C. amphibeus (in similarly-sized specimens). As
cially similar to C. batva (Hamilton, 1822), C. stew- the taxonomic status of C. amphibeus has been un-
artii (Playfair, t867) and C. amphibeus (McCletland, clear in the literature, a redescription of the species is
1845)(often misspelled as Channa amphibius), all of provided here along with designation of a neotype
which were originally described from the same river (see below).
basin (the Brahmaputra) and are presently considered C. aurantimaculata can also be distinguished read-
valid, in body size (ca. 250-900 mm in total length), ity from all other channid fishes presently considered
overall body appearance, head shape (generally as valid, as noted below: from C. argus (Cantor,
rounded in lateral view), pelvic fin length (less than 1842), C. bankanensis (Bteeker, 1852), C. baramensis
50 % of pectoral fin length) and coloration (numerous (Steindachner, !90t), C. cyanospilos (Bleeker, 1853),
32 P. Musikasinthorn
blue with rich brown; pelvic fin blue; basal half of the rays 35 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . C. a m p h i b e u s * *
dorsal fin brown or orange, the outer half blue or 6b. Lateral line scales 60-64; dorsal fin rays 49-52;
green, darkening outwards but having a narrow pale anal fin rays 32-36 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . C. b a r c a *
blue or white edge; anal fin iridescent blue or green 6c. Lateral line scales 51-54; dorsal fin rays 45--47;
with a narrow dark border; caudal fin brown at the anal fin rays 28-30 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
base, then iridescent blue or green then blackish with .............. C. a u r a n t i m a c u l a t a sp. nov.**
a narrow white or bluish-white border; margins of the 7a. Dorsal fin rays 50-55; anal fin rays 31-35; ocel-
vertical bands on body orange with brown; dark spots lus on upper portion of caudal fin base (some-
scattered on the upper half of the body but absent at times absent in specimens over ca. 300 mm SL)
the belly (see description and a color drawing in ............................. C. m a r u l i u s
Shaw and Shebbeare [1938] for details ). 7b. Dorsal fin rays 42.45; anal fin rays 25-27; ocel-
lus absent on caudal fin base . . . . . . . . C. s t r i a t a
Distribution. C h a n n a a m p h i b e u s is known only
Comparative Materials. Channa arg,~s: ASIZB 44263 (t),
from the Che[ River basin, in the Brahmaputra River
142.4mm SL, Baiyang Dian Lake, Hebei, China, 19 Aug. 1958;
drainage of northcastern India and Bhutan. NSMT-P 55738 (1), 288.3 ram SL, market at Sich~mn, China, Au-
,gust 1996; MCZ 32411 (i of 3), 362.6 mm SL, Chanka Lake (Us-
suri River basin), East Siberia, U. S. S. R., 1929. C. asiatica: KtZ
60233 (1), 139.9mm SL, Nanpan R., China, 1960; KIZ $45014
Key to c h a n n i d species of
(1), Nanning, China, April t984; NSMT-P 27573 (I), l l0.4mm
the G a n g e s - B r a h m a p u t r a River b a s i n SL, Taiwan, 26 August 1975. C. hank~znensix: RMNH 7870 (2),
103.4-120.8mm SL, Sintang, western Borneo, Indonesia, July
The following key is based on materials collected 1894; NSMT-P 54031 (2), 132.5-140.5, Martapura, south Borneo,
from the Ganges-Brahmaputra River basin. Single as- Indonesia, 9 Nov, 1963. C. baramensis: SMF 860 0ectotype) (t),
218.7mm SL, had. Ozean, Borneo, Baram flul3, 1894; SMF 8473
terisk (*) indicates species endemic to that basin.
(paralectotype) (1),102.5, data as for tectotype; FMNH 51702 (3),
Double asterisks (**) indicate species restricted only 106.2-169.3 mm SL, Clear water tributary of Little Kretam R.
to the Brahmaputra River basin. below falls, Kinabatangan District, Sabah, Borneo, I1 May, 1950.
C. barca: AMS B. 7793 (1), 237.7mm SL, Calcutta, date un-
known; BMNH 1860. 3. 19. 17 (1), 207.3 mm SL, Calcutta. date
la. 1 or 2 large scales on each side of lower jaw .. 2
unknown; RMNH 1663 (I), 220.3, Calcutta, date unknown; ZSI
lb. Scale absent on lower jaw . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7 1387 (I), 260.7mm SL, Calcutta, date unknown; ZSI 2705/l (i),
2a. Pelvic fin absent; 4-11 medium to large irregu- 240.2mm SL, Bulagunj, Sylhet, date unknown; ZSI 9999 (1),
lar red or orange spots on caudal fin (white in 238.3mm SL, India: ZSI 378 (i), 233.1 mm SL, Cachar, Assam,
preserved specimens), sometime coalesce . . . . . date unknown; GUBM uncat. (1), 447.7, Marigoan Market, Guwa-
hati, Assam, India, Oct.-Nov. 1997; MNHN A. 628 (l)(holotypc of
........................ Channa bleheri**
Ophicephalus [=Channa] nigricans), 200.5 mm SL, Calcutta, date
2b. Pelvic fin present; no red or orange (white) unknown. C. bleheri: ZFMK 16555 (hotc~type) (1), 105.0 mm SL,
spots on caudal fin . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3 upper reaches of Dibru R., near Guijan, Assam, 12 and 13 Nov,
3a. Cheek scales 4-6(usually 5); upper jaw length 1987; ZFMK 16556 (paratype), 80.9ram SL, darn as for holotype;
less than 45 % HL . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4 KUMF 3137 (8), streams in Medela Reserve ForesL Dibrugarh,
Assam, India, I-7 April 1998. C. c3"anospilos: ZRC 14252 (1),
3b. Cheek scales 8-12; upper jaw length more than
166,8 mm SL, Sungai Wumbih, tributary of Sungai Alas, southern
44 % HL . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6 Aeeh, Rundeng, northern Sumatra, 21 Feb. 1984. C. gachua:
4a, Pelvic fin length more than 50% of pectoral fin ANSP 159636 (I), 78.5mm SL, Bishnuputi R., Kathmandu, at
length; pectoral fin lacking vertical black bands Ring Road, Nepal 18 June 1983; UMMZ 208577 IlL 123.9mm
lateral line scales 35-38; dorsal fin rays 29-32 , SL, Dakatia River at Char Masha, Comilla, Bangladesh, 3 Jan,
1978; CAS 135602 (5), 64.4-132.3mm SL, Uttarbhag, Ganges
............................. C. p u n c t a t a
Delta, India, 14 April 1937; UMMZ 208997 (1), 55.4mm SL,
4b. Pelvic fin length less than 50% of pectoral fin Tangam R. at Thakurgaon, Dinajpur, Bangladesh, 6 April I978;
length; pectoral fin with 2-6 vertical black ZMA 121. 643 (6), 50.0-147.tmm SL, Balassang River near
bands; lateral line scales more than 38; dorsal Kurseong, West Bengal, India, Dec. 1898; ZSI-SRS 4781 (,1), 78.6
fin rays more than 29 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5 mm SL, Dubri, Lower Assam, India, 30 Nov. t994; ZSI-V/ERS 75
(1), 90.25 mm SL, Barapani, Shil/ong, Assam, India, 15 June 1961;
5a. Many small black spots scattered on side of
ZSI- V/ERS I324 (I), 215.9mm SL, Songsak Res. forest, Garo
body; dorsal fin rays 38-41; anal fin rays 24-27; Hills, Meghalaya, India, 15 April 1973; CAS 114535 (6),
lateral line scales 45-49 . . . . . . . . . C. s t e w a r t i i * 56.0-72.8 mm SL, Kalimpong Duars and Siliguli Terai, Tista R.
5b. No small black spots scattered on side of body; drainage, Terai, West Bengal, India, Nov. 1938; CAS 502ll (5 of
dorsal fin rays 30-39; anal fin rays 19-27; lat- 6), 55.3-97.0mm SL, Chitawan Valley, 1-2 miles (1.6-3.2 kms)
south of Khoriamohan in Someswar Hills (Ha~himara KEola),
eral tine scales 39-48 . . . . . . . . . . . . . C. g a c h u a
Nepal, 29 April !,975; KUMF 3148 (3), 74.0-84.1 mm SL. market
6ao Lateral line scales 8 t; dorsal fin rays 50; anal fin
3(? R Musikasinthorn
at Shiltong, Meghalaya, India, 4 April 1998; ZSI-V/ERS 8043 (2 Nepal, 3 April I982; NSMT-P 36126, Hetaunda, Nepal, 25
of 3), Thabrongiri, West Garo Hills, Meghak~ya, India, 28 Aug. June-t0 July 1969. C. siamensis: BMNH 1859. 7. 1:71 (1)(holo-
1983; ZSI-V/F/ERS 99 (2 of 18), 88.2-108.5mm SL, Thanga Is- type), 74.2mm SL, Siam (Thailand), 1858-1860. C. stewarrii:
Inn& Horeng Moureny, Man(put, India, 9 Feb. 1993. C. lucius: BMNH 1867.2.14.19-20 (syntype) ( 1 of 2), 203.5 mm SL, Cachar;
RMNH t138 (stuffed) (t), 213.9 mm SL, Java, date unknown (col- NSM%P 54039 (l), 139.7 mm SL, Nepal, date unknown; NSMT-P
lection of Kuht and van Hasselt); RMNH 1140 (stuffed) ( 11, 411.8 55736 t12), 237.3-240.8 mm SL, market at Dibrugarh town, Dibru-
mm SL, data as tbr I~MNII 1138; UMMZ 223283 (6), 129.0-229.0 garb, Assam, India, 10-14 April 1998; NSMT-P 55737 (i3),
mm SL, stream at confluence of Keijin R. (Baram R. drainage), 950-135,8 mm SL, Mirigaon Forest, Dibrugarh, Assam, India. t-7
Sarawak, Malaysia, I 1 Feb. 1980. C. maczdata: AMNH 79470 (21, April 1998; KUMF 3149 (1), 142.1ram SL, data as NSMT-P
144.9-163.9 mm SL, Guangdong, China, Aug. 1925; CAS 118299 55737; PaMNH 1656 (11, Assam, date unknown; ZSI-ERS V/ERS
(11, 238.2 mm SL, Tatpei, Taiwan, 1908. C. marulius: CAS 135719 5091 (11, 154.1 rmn SL, East Khasi Hill, Meghalaya, India, 31 July
(11, 221.0ram SL, Calcutta, West Bengal State, India, 8 April 1978; ZSI-ERS V/ERS 3443 (1 of 3), 104.7, Bagha, North Cachar
1937: UMMZ 187867 (I of 2), 232.6mm SL, Pond at H@ganj, Hills, Assam, 13 March 1970. C. striata.: ZMB 1400 (syntypes)
Comilla, Bangladesh, 24 May I968; UMMZ 208567 (11. I87.2 ram (2), 154.2-170.6mm SL, Tranquebar, Malabar coast, India; KUblF
SL, Kamchar Khal, Comilla, Bangladesh, 1I Jan. 1978; BMNH 3144 (4), 210.0-222.9mm SL. Dharapur Market, Guwahati,
89.2. 1. 3791-6 (8), 57.0--108.0 mm SL, Calcutta; NSMT-P 47709 Assam, India, 27 March-8 April !998; KUMF 3145 (10), a pond at
(1), 134. l mm SL, Chandpur, Bangladesh, 1971; NSMT-P 58526 Calcutta, West Bengal, India, Jan. 1996; NSMT-P 58530 (2),
([), 255.1 mm SL, Ganga R., India, date m&nown; KUMF 3143 218.0-234.0mm SL, Ganga R., India, date unknown; NSMT~P
(2), 205.6-284.85 mm SL, Dharapur Market, Guwahati, Assam, 27 58531 (1), 259.7mm SL, Birgan], Nepal, 21 June 1960; KUbIF
blarch-8 April 1998; NSMT-P 58527 (l), 455.4mm SL, Tara(. 3146 (1), 218.0mm SL, Market at Calcutta, West Bengal, India,
Nepal, July 1997; KUMF 3147 (4), 162.2-192.7mm SL, a road Jan. I996: NSMT-P 58532 (31. 185.9-224.9mm SL, data as tbr
side market on the way between Diamond Harbour and Calcutta, KUMF 3146; CAS 114555 (2), 130.2-133.5mm SL, Madura,
West Bengal, 8 Jan. 1996; NSMT-P 58528 (3), 237.5-267.6mm Tamil Nadu, india, 2/ Jan. 1941; CAS 133815 (3), 176.8-192.4
SL, market at Calcutta. West Bengal, Jan. I996; NSMT-P 58529 mm SL, Rangoon, Myanmar. 31 March 1937.
(l), 430.5mm SL, data as for NSMT-P 58528. C. mavulioides':
RMNH 6421 (holotype) (1), 217.0 mm SL, Sambas, western Bor-
neo, date unknown; ZMA 121.117 (2), i52.8-194.4mm SL,
Rawang Swamp, Djambi, Sumatra, Indonesia, 29 April 1909. C. A c k l w ~ c [ e d g m e n t s . - I am grateful to the following per-
melanopterus: RMNH 6416 IHolotype) (11, 476.3 mm SL, Pon- sons for assistance enabling my collection of the new
tianak, western Borneo, date unknown. C. melasoma: CAS 132652 species and their hospitality during fieldwork in India: M.
(7), 74.5-214.4 mm SL, Mandai Road. Singapore, 14 May 1937. C. Bora, R. Pachuau (Guwahati, Assam), M. M. Goswami
micropeltes: RMNH 2318 (stuffed) (1), 592.6mm SL, Java, date (Gauhati University, Assam), K. K. Lahkar (Dibrugarh,
unknown (collection of Kuhl and van Hasselt); RMNH 1131 Assam) and Sumit Dutta (Calcutta). R. S. Lal Mohan (CaIi-
(stuffed) (l), 214.1 mm SL. data as for RMNH 23t8; RMNH 1132 cut, Kerala, India) and T. R. Roberts (CAS) kindly provided
(stuffed) (11, 250.4mm SL, data as t'or RMNH 23t8; NSMT-P
useful information prior to my fieldwork in northeastern
35969 (121, I64.7-215.6mm SL, Ratchaprapa Dam, Suratthani,
India. My special thanks go to Y. Taki, H. Kohno, K. Fujita,
Thailand, Oct. 1992. C. orienralis: ZMB 5029 (6), 59.7-79.9mm
SL, Rnmboddi, Ceylon, date unknown; USNM 332536 (1), 81.6 N. Teitler (Tokyo University of Fisheries) and K. Matsuura
mm SL, Trib. to Kuda Ganga, 3.3 mi. east of Agatawatta on Road (NSMT-P) for their invaluable suggestions and critical read-
to Badureli Ya, Agalawatta District, Sri Lanka, 7 July 1969. C~ ing of the manuscript. I am also grateful to the following
pleurophthalmus: RMNIq 6422 (Holotype), 287.9 mm SL. Band- persons for loans, information on specimens and facilita-
jermassing, Borneo, Indonesia, date unknown; ANSP 167385 (11, tion of museum visits: T. K. Sen, A. K. Karmakar (ZSI). N.
225.8 mm SL, Kapuas R., western Borneo, 1897; UMMZ 171681 Sen (ZSI-ERS), P. "12 Chef(an, K. Rema Devi (ZSI-SRS), O.
(31, 150.2-186.1 mm SL, Palembang, Sumatra, 1929. C. punctata: Crimmen (BMNH), D. Catania (CAS), K. Sakamoto (Bio-
ZMB 1394 (Syntypes) (211, i07.5-152.0mm SL, Malabarischen logical Laboratory, Imperial Household Agency, Tokyo); S.
Kfiste (Malabar coast), India, date unknown; NSMT-P 47541,
Sontirat (KUMF), D. W. Nelson (UMMZ), M. A. Rogers
92.9-104.3mm SL, (4), Koshi River, Nepal, July 1968; ZSI FF
(FMNH), J.-X. Yang, Y.-R. Chen (KIZ), E Krupp, U. Za-
3182 (1), 90Atom SL, Jarakat villege, I2 kms west of Charjh,
Hazanibugh District, Bihar, India, 12 June 1994; ZSt-SRS F 4644 jonz (SMF), M. J. E van Oijen (RMNH), M. McGrouther
(2), 75.5-98.0mm SL, Goalpara. Brahmaputra River Basin, rAMS), H.-J. Paepke (ZMB), C. Zhang (ASIZB), K. E.
Assam, india, 8 Nov. 1995; ZSI-SRS 4623 (27, 67.4-70.1 mm SL, Hartel (MCZ), C. M. Yang, E K. L. Ng, K. K. P. Lira
Kulsi River, Brahmaputra, India, 17 Nov. 1995; UMMZ 208542 (ZRC), Klaus Busse (ZFMK), G. Duhamet, J.-C. Hureau
(t), 140.gmm SL, Borrow Pit Canal, Meghna Drainage, Comilla, (MNHN), S. L. Jewett (USNM).
Bangladesh, 23~ 90039 'E, 9 Jan. 1978; UMMZ 208936 (l),
94.6mm SL, Ghaghat River. Brahmaputra Drainage, Rangpur,
Bangladesh, 25045 ' N, 89~ ' E, 3 April 1978; KUMF 3056 (6), Literature Cited
155.9-179.4 mm SL, Market at Calcutta, West Bengal, India, Jan.
1996; KUMF 3047 (l l, 179.4 mm SL, Market at Calcutta, VCest
Bailey, R. G. 1996. Ecosystem Geography. Springer-Verlag,
Bengal, India, Jan. 1996; NSMT-P 36122 (1 of 2), 139.6mm SL,
Ganga River, India, date unknown; NSMT-P 36123 (5), 70.7-93.0 New York. 204 pp.
mm SL, Parvanipur Fisheries Station, Nepal, 30 May 1969; NSMT- Bonou, C. A. and G. G. Teugels. 1985. A systematic revi-
P 36124 (11~ 92.6mm SL, Birganj, Nepal, 21 Nov. 1960; NSMT-P sion of the genus Parachanna Teugets and Daget, 1984
36125 1121, 95.3-103.3 mm SL, Phewa Tat (Pokhara), Nepal, 15 (Pisces: Channidae). Rev. Hydrobiot. trop., t8 (4):
July 1969: IBRP 7750 (27, 86.9-92.7mm SL. Dharan BazaL 267-280. (In French)
A New Channid Fish from Assam 37
Collins, M., J. A. Sayer and T. Whitmore, eds. 1991. The fish from the Irrawaddy and Sittang river basins, Myan-
conservation atlas of tropical forests: Asia and The Pa- mar. Ichthyol. Res., 45: 355-362.
cific. Macmillan Press Ltd., London and Basingstoke. Nelson, J. S. 1994. Fishes of the world, 3rd ed. John Wiley
256 pp. & Sons, New York. 600 pp.
Day, E 1876. The fishes of India; being a natural history of Playfair, R. L. 1867. On the Fishes of Cachar. Proc. Zoot.
the fishes known to inhabit the seas and fresh waters of Soc. Lond (part 1): 14-17, pl 3.
India, Burma, and Ceylon. London. Part 2: 169-368, Ramdas, L. A. 1974. Weather and Climatic patterns. Pages
pls 41-78. 99-133. in M. S. Mani, eds. Ecology and biogeography
Eschmeyer, W. N. 1998. Catalog of Fishes. 3 vols. Califor- in India. Di Junk, The Hague.
nia Academy of Sciences, California. 2905 pp. Rao, A. S. 1974. The vegetation and phytogeography of
Hamilton, E 1822. An account of the fishes found in the Assam-Burma. Pages 204--246. in M. S. Mani, eds.
River Ganges and its branches. Archibald Constable Ecology and biogeography in India. W. Junk, The
and Company, London. 405 pp., 39 pls. Hague.
Jayarmn, K. C. 1982. The freshwater fishes of India, Pak- Shaw, G. E. & E. O. Shebbeare. 1938. The fishes of North-
istan, Bangladesh, Burma, and Sri Lanka. Zool. Sur~: ern Bengal. J. Asiatic Soc. Bengal, Vol. 3 (No. I): 1-
India (Calcutta). 475 pp., t3 pls. 137, 6 pls.
Kottelat, M. and T. Whitten. 1996. Freshwater Biodiversity Talwar, K. T. and A. G. Jhingran. 1991. Inland fishes of
in Asia with Special Reference to Fish. World Bank India and adjacent countries. Vol. 2. Oxford & IBH
Technical Paper No. 343. The World Bank, Washington, Publishing Co., New Delhi. 616 pp.
D. C. 59 pp. Teugels, G. 1992. Channidae. Pages 655-658 in C. Lev-
Kurup, G. U. 1974. Mammals of Assam and the mammal- eque, D. Paugy and G. G. Teugels, eds. The Fresh and
geography of India. Pages 585-613. in M. S. Mani, eds. Brackish Water Fishes of West Africa. Vol. 2.
Ecology and biogeography in India. W, Junk, The ORSTOM et MRAC, Paris. (In French with key to
Hague. species in English).
Leviton, A. E., R. H. Gibbs. Jr., E. Heal and C. E. Dawson. Thirgood, S. J. and M. E Heath. 1994. Global patterns of
1985. Standards in herpetology and ichthyology: Part I. endemism and the conservation of biodiversity, pp.
Standard symbolic codes for institutional resource col- 207-227. in EL. Forey, C. J. Humphries, and R. I. Vane-
lections in herpetology and ichthyology. Copeia, 1985: Wright, eds. Systematics and Conservation Evaluation.
802-832. Clarendon Press, Oxford.
McClellan& J. t840. Remarks on Miscellaneous Subjects. Vierke, J. 1991. Ein farbenfroher neuer Schlangenkopffisch
J. Nat. Hist. Calcutta v. 1 (No. 3): 427-429. plate xi, fig. aus Assam Channa bleheri spec. nov. Das Aquarium.
3. 259: 20-24.
McClelland, J. t845. Description of four species of fishes World Conservation Monitoring Centre. 1992. Global bio-
from the rivers at the foot of Boutan Mountains. J. Nat. diversity--status of the earth's living resources. Chap-
Hist. Calcutta v. 5 (No. 18): 274-282. man and hall, London. xx+594 pp.
Musikasinthorn, P 1998. Channa panaw, a new channid