AT A GLANCE

EU energy monitor

Monitoring the energy situation in the EU: June 2022

This infographic aims to provide an overview of some of the most important energy indicators. It is purely
for information purposes and subject to change. Figures on page one are based on market data (gas and oil
prices) or data supplied by market actors (LNG capacity and gas storage rates). Figures on page 2 are based
on the latest publicly available Eurostat data. These data are only available retrospectively, usually on an
annualised basis, and therefore do not reflect the latest state-of-play following the outbreak of the war.
Gas price in the EU Oil price in the EU
Title Transfer Facility (€ per megawatt-hour) Brent Crude oil (US$ per barrel)
250 € per megawatt-hour 120 US$ per barrel
€87.15 per megawatt-hour as of 20 May 2022 100 111.54 US$ per barrel on 20 May 2022
200
80
150
60
100
40
50
20
0 0
2018 2019 2020 2021 2022 2018 2019 2020 2021 2022
The Dutch Title Transfer Facility (TTF) is the leading European benchmark price for Brent Crude is a major benchmark price for purchases of oil worldwide. Brent
gas. It refers to transfers of gas at the TTF Virtual Trading Point, operated by Gasunie Crude oil is drilled out from the North Sea, but oil production from Europe, Africa
Transport Services, responsible for the management, operation and development of and the Middle East flowing West tends to be priced relative to this benchmark.
the gas transport system in the Netherlands. The data source is Trading Economics. Prices are given in Trading Economics and are intended to provide reference only.
EU natural gas futures on the TTF exchange stood at €87.15 per megawatt-hour The graph presents five years of daily data. Brent Crude rose sharply to US$111.54
on 20 May 2022 – an increase of 252 % compared to May 2021, and a decrease per barrel on 20 May 2022 – an increase of 67.82 % compared to May 2021 and a
of-12.9 % from the previous day (19 May 2022). decrease of -0.45 % from the previous day (19 May 2022).

LNG capacity per Member State Gas storage

Billion m3, April
LNG capacity 2022States (operational and planned)
per Member Available
Available gasstorage capacity
storage capacity (Twh)(Twh) and filling rate
Total energy stored in the EU: 436.9 Twh Filling rate (as of 24 May2022)
Operational 60 PT 89 %
ES Maximum available storage: 1 106.3 Twh
Planned or under construction FR 37 PL 87 %
IT 34 ≥ 96 ES 64 %
Total EU operational capacity: DE 32 DK 51 %
160 billion m 3
EL 26 37.1 – 95.9 CZ 51 %
NL 24 9.2 – 37 IT 44 %
BE 17 FR 42 %
< 9.2 DE 41 %
PL 14 LT 37 %
IE 10 NL 32 %
PT 8 SK 28 %
EE 7 RO 26 %
HR 5 Operational AT 26 %
LT 4 and HU 25 %
CY 2 Planned BE 24 %
LV 2 BG 21 %
MT 1 Billion m3 HR 19 %
0 0 20 40 60 80 100

LNG is natural gas cooled down to below -160 degrees Celsius to be transported
in a liquid state, so that it can be flexibly imported from a wide range of supply
countries. Data are published by Gas Infrastructure Europe. The map provides
information on LNG terminals in the EU, operational and planned, while the
bar chart shows the capacity in billion m3. There are 11 EU Member States with
operating LNG terminals, with total annual capacity of 160 billion m3, accounting
for around a quarter of gas imports to the EU in 2020.
The map shows the maximum available gas storage capacity in the EU expressed
in terawatt-hours (Twh). A terawatt-hour is a unit of energy equal to outputting
one trillion watts for one hour. The bar chart shows the gas storage filling rate, or
the percentage of available storage that has been used to store gas. Data come
from European Network of Transmission System Operators for Gas. In the EU, the
maximum available storage is 1 106 Twh, with total energy stored of 437 Twh,
giving a filling rate of 39 % overall. Countries with smaller capacity seem to have
a higher filling rate. Portugal, for instance, has a maximum capacity of 3.6 Twh
and a filling rate of 89 %. Germany, with the highest capacity of 237 Twh, has a
filling rate of 41 %.

EPRS | European Parliamentary Research Service

Authors: Giulio Sabbati and Alex Wilson
PE 729.446 - June 2022
EPRS Monitoring the energy situation in the EU
Electricity prices for household and non-household consumers
€ per kWh, second half of 2021.
Electricity prices include the basic price, as well as transmission, system services, distribution and other services. Prices include all taxes, levies and VAT. Households covers
medium-sized consumers with annual consumption of between 2 500 kWh and 5 000 kWh. ‘Non-household’ refers to medium-sized consumers with an annual consump-
tion of between 500 MWh and 2 000 MWh.The average EU price for households in the second half of 2021 was €0.2369 per kWh. The price without taxes (energy, supply
and network taxes) was €0.1515 per kWh. For non-household consumers, €0.1445 per kWh was the EU average price (or €0.1032 per kWh, without taxes).
0.40 € per kWh EU27
0.21 0.24
0.35
0.30 Household consumers 0.17
0.14
0.25 0.24 Non-household consumers
0.20
0.17 2017 2018 2019 2020 2021
0.15
0.10
0.05
0.00
DK DE BE IE ES SE EU27 IT CY AT PT FR LU EL EE LV CZ FI SI SK RO PL LT NL MT HR BG HU

Final energy consumption by sector Share of energy from renewable sources

Million tonnes of oil equivalent (MTOE) %, 2020
Final energy consumption covers the energy consumption of end-users, such Renewable energy sources include wind, solar, hydro and tidal power,
as industry, transport, households, services and agriculture. It excludes the geothermal energy, ambient heat, biofuels and the renewable part of waste.
consumption of the energy sector itself and losses occurring during transformation The bar chart shows the share of renewable sources and the line chart shows
and distribution of energy. 'Other sectors' refers to commercial and public services. the type of service.
1 000 Million tonnes of oil equivalent (MTOE) EU27: 886 MTOE SE 60.1 %
Commercial
FI and public services 43.8 %
800 Other sectors LV 42.1 %
17.4 % Industry
AT 36.5 %
Industry PT
Households 34.0 %
600 26.1 % DK 31.7 %
HR
Transport 31.0 %
400 EE 30.1 %
Households 28.0 % LT 26.8 %
200 SI 25.0 %
RO 24.5 %
Transport 28.5 % BG 23.3 %
0 EU27 22.1 %
2012 2014 2016 2018 2020 EL 21.7 %
ES 21.2 %
IT 20.4 %
DE 19.3 %
EU energy import dependency from Russia FR 19.1 % In 2020, renewable energy
Share of total import SK 17.3 % represented 22.1 % of
CZ 17.3 %
The indicator shows how far the EU is reliant on energy imports from Russia (authors' CY 16.9 % energy consumed in the
calculation based on Eurostat data). It represents the share of imports of gas IE 16.2 % EU, around 2 percentage
PL 16.1 %
(based on million cubic meters), coal and oil (based on thousand tonnes). The EU NL 14.0 % points above the 2020
HU 13.9 %
imports around 97 million tonnes of hard coal per year, with 44 million tonnes of BE 13.0 % target of 20 %.
that coming from Russia. LU 11.7 %
MT 10.7 %
50 %
45.6 % 40 % Crude oil
Natural gas 37.5 %
40 % 30 %
Hard coal
Electricity
38.7 % Natural gas
Heating and cooling 23.1 %
30 % 20 %
Crude oil 22.1 %
20 % 25.7 % Overall
10 % 10.2 %
Hard coal
10 % 0% Transport
2010 2012 2014 2016 2018 2020 2010 2012 2014 2016 2018 2020

Data sources: Gas price in the EU; Oil price in the EU; LNG capacity per Member State; Gas storage capacity; Electricity prices for household and non-household
Transport
consumers; Final energy consumption by sector; EU energy import dependency from Russia (Natural gas, Hard10.2 coal,%Crude oil); Share of energy from renewable sources.
Country codes: Belgium (BE), Bulgaria (BG), Czechia (CZ), Denmark (DK), Germany (DE), Estonia Overall(EE), Ireland (IE), Greece (EL),
22.1 Spain
% (ES), France (FR), Croatia (HR),
Heating and
Italy (IT), Cyprus (CY), Latvia (LV), Lithuania (LT), Luxembourg (LU), Hungary (HU), Malta (MT), Netherlands (NL), Austria (AT), Poland
cooling 23.1 %(PL), Portugal (PT), Romania (RO),
Slovenia (SI), Slovakia (SK), Finland (FI), Sweden (SE). Electricity 37.5 %
This document is prepared for, and addressed to, the Members and staff of the European Parliament as background material to assist them in their
parliamentary work. The content of the document is the sole responsibility of its author(s) and any opinions expressed herein should not be taken
to represent an official position of the Parliament. Reproduction and translation for non-commercial purposes are authorised, provided the source
is acknowledged and the European Parliament is given prior notice and sent a copy. © European Union, 2022.
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