DAY 6

8051 Architecture

EMBEDDED SYSTEM DESIGN 30 Days Challenge

What You will learn Today?
✓Introduction to Microcontroller Vs Microprocessor
✓Types of Microcontroller
✓Microcontroller Architecture
✓Features of Microcontroller
✓8051 Block Diagram
✓8051 PIN Diagram
✓Registers in 8051
✓Ports
✓Timers and Counters
✓Interrupts ,Priorities
✓Embedded system design using 8051
Mindset Lesson for the Day
If you think in Positive Terms you will get Positive results.
If you think in negative terms you will get negative results.

● Exercise
Write down all the people or things in your life that affect you in a
negative way.
What is a Microcontroller
How it is different from Microprocessor
Microprocessor Vs Microcontroller
Types of Microcontroller
8051 Family of Microcontrollers
Microcontroller Architecture
Important Features of 8051
8051 Microcontroller –Block diagram
8051 Pin
8051 CPU Registers
Special Function Registers
Ports of 8051
Port 0 with pull up resistor
Ports…
Ports..
Alternate Function of P3
Timers and Counters
Registers used in Timer and Counter
Timer
Counters
TMOD Register
Timer Modes
RxD and TxD pins in the 8051
Interfacing to PC
SCON( Serial Control Register)
8051 Interrupts
Steps in Executing an Interrupt
Interrupt Sources
Interrupt Vectors
Interrupt Priorities
Nested Interrupts
ESD USING 8051
8051 Board
8051- Processor Symbol
U5

40
P1_0 1 39 P0_0

VCC
P1_1 2 P1.0 P0.0/AD0 38 P0_1
P1_2 3 P1.1 P0.1/AD1 37 P0_2
P1_3 4 P1.2 P0.2/AD2 36 P0_3
P1_4 5 P1.3 P0.3/AD3 35 P0_4
P1_5 6 P1.4 P0.4/AD4 34 P0_5
P1_6 7 P1.5 P0.5/AD5 33 P0_6
P1_7 8 P1.6 P0.6/AD6 32 P0_7
P1.7 P0.7/AD7
P3_0 10 31 EA
P3_1 11 P3.0/RXD EA/VPP 30
P3_2 12 P3.1/TXD ALE/PROG 29 PSEN
P3_3 13 P3.2/INTO PSEN
P3_4 14 P3.3/INT1
P3_5 15 P3.4/TO 28 P2_7
P3_6 16 P3.5/T1 P2.7/A15 27 P2_6
P3_7 17 P3.6/WR P2.6/A14 26 P2_5
P3.7/RD P2.5/A13 25 P2_4
9 P2.4/A12 24 P2_3
RST P2.3/A11 23 P2_2
P2.2/A10 22 P2_1
18 P2.1/A9 21 P2_0
GND

19 XTAL2 P2.0/A8
XTAL1
20

AT89S51
Power Supply Design

1
JP1 D2
LM7805C/TO220 USB
1 4 - + 2 1 3
1 2 BRIDGE IN OUT
U3
2

GND
R6
9V AC 330E
3

100uF/16V
2
C9
C10 C11 SLIDE SWITCH
0.1uF D3 SW4
470uF/25V
LED

VCC
Power Supply Design
for 3.3 V and 1.8 V
VCC5V0 TO-263 VCC3V3 AP1122E VCC1V2
LM1086CS-ADJ
3 2 3 2
3VIN VOUT2 VIN VOUT

GND
4 4
U7 TAB 4 TAB
+ C55
GND 22uF

1
1
R38 U3
240E
1

+ C53
+ C52 10uF
10uF
+ C54 R41
10uF 390E

D18
R49 330E

LED
Connection of Power supply and GND
VCC

U5

40
P1_0 1 39 P0_0

VCC
P1_1 2 P1.0 P0.0/AD0 38 P0_1
P1_2 3 P1.1 P0.1/AD1 37 P0_2
P1_3 4 P1.2 P0.2/AD2 36 P0_3
P1_4 5 P1.3 P0.3/AD3 35 P0_4
P1_5 6 P1.4 P0.4/AD4 34 P0_5
P1_6 7 P1.5 P0.5/AD5 33 P0_6
P1_7 8 P1.6 P0.6/AD6 32 P0_7
P1.7 P0.7/AD7
P3_0 10 31 EA
P3_1 11 P3.0/RXD EA/VPP 30
P3_2 12 P3.1/TXD ALE/PROG 29 PSEN
P3_3 13 P3.2/INTO PSEN
P3_4 14 P3.3/INT1
P3_5 15 P3.4/TO 28 P2_7
P3_6 16 P3.5/T1 P2.7/A15 27 P2_6
P3_7 17 P3.6/WR P2.6/A14 26 P2_5
P3.7/RD P2.5/A13 25 P2_4
9 P2.4/A12 24 P2_3
RST AT89S51 P2.3/A11 23 P2_2
P2.2/A10 22 P2_1
18 P2.1/A9 21 P2_0

GND
19 XTAL2 P2.0/A8
XTAL1

20
Reset VCC

U5

40
P1_0 1 39 P0_0

VCC
P1_1 2 P1.0 P0.0/AD0 38 P0_1
P1_2 3 P1.1 P0.1/AD1 37 P0_2
P1_3 4 P1.2 P0.2/AD2 36 P0_3
P1_4 5 P1.3 P0.3/AD3 35 P0_4
P1_5 6 P1.4 P0.4/AD4 34 P0_5
P1_6 7 P1.5 P0.5/AD5 33 P0_6
P1_7 8 P1.6 P0.6/AD6 32 P0_7
P1.7 P0.7/AD7
P3_0 10 31 EA
P3_1 11 P3.0/RXD EA/VPP 30
VCC P3_2 12 P3.1/TXD ALE/PROG 29 PSEN
P3_3 13 P3.2/INTO PSEN
P3.3/INT1
PUSH SW5

P3_4 14
P3_5 15 P3.4/TO 28 P2_7
C14 P3_6 16 P3.5/T1 P2.7/A15 27 P2_6
P3_7 17 P3.6/WR P2.6/A14 26 P2_5
10uF P3.7/RD P2.5/A13 25 P2_4
RST 9 P2.4/A12 24 P2_3
RST AT89S51 P2.3/A11 23 P2_2
P2.2/A10 22 P2_1
18 P2.1/A9 21 P2_0

GND
R9 19 XTAL2 P2.0/A8
XTAL1
8K2

20
Crystal
VCC

U5

40
P1_0 1 39 P0_0

VCC
P1_1 2 P1.0 P0.0/AD0 38 P0_1
P1_2 3 P1.1 P0.1/AD1 37 P0_2
P1_3 4 P1.2 P0.2/AD2 36 P0_3
P1_4 5 P1.3 P0.3/AD3 35 P0_4
P1_5 6 P1.4 P0.4/AD4 34 P0_5
P1_6 7 P1.5 P0.5/AD5 33 P0_6
P1_7 8 P1.6 P0.6/AD6 32 P0_7
P1.7 P0.7/AD7
P3_0 10 31 EA
P3_1 11 P3.0/RXD EA/VPP 30
VCC P3_2 12 P3.1/TXD ALE/PROG 29 PSEN
P3_3 13 P3.2/INTO PSEN
P3.3/INT1
PUSH SW5

P3_4 14
P3_5 15 P3.4/TO 28 P2_7
C14 P3_6 16 P3.5/T1 P2.7/A15 27 P2_6
P3_7 17 P3.6/WR P2.6/A14 26 P2_5
10uF P3.7/RD P2.5/A13 25 P2_4
RST 9 P2.4/A12 24 P2_3
RST AT89S51 P2.3/A11 23 P2_2
P2.2/A10 22 P2_1
18 P2.1/A9 21 P2_0

GND
R9 11.0592MHz 19 XTAL2 P2.0/A8
XTAL1
8K2
C16 C15

20
X2 33PF
33PF
External pull up for Port 0
VCC

U5 VCC

40
P1_0 1 39 P0_0 2 1

VCC
P1_1 2 P1.0 P0.0/AD0 38 P0_1 3
P1_2 3 P1.1 P0.1/AD1 37 P0_2 4 R10
P1_3 4 P1.2 P0.2/AD2 36 P0_3 5
P1.3 P0.3/AD3

SIP 9 10k
P1_4 5 35 P0_4 6
P1_5 6 P1.4 P0.4/AD4 34 P0_5 7
P1_6 7 P1.5 P0.5/AD5 33 P0_6 8
P1_7 8 P1.6 P0.6/AD6 32 P0_7 9
P1.7 P0.7/AD7 C
P3_0 10 31 EA
P3_1 11 P3.0/RXD EA/VPP 30
VCC P3_2 12 P3.1/TXD ALE/PROG 29 PSEN
P3_3 13 P3.2/INTO PSEN
P3.3/INT1
PUSH SW5

P3_4 14
P3_5 15 P3.4/TO 28 P2_7
C14 P3_6 16 P3.5/T1 P2.7/A15 27 P2_6
P3_7 17 P3.6/WR P2.6/A14 26 P2_5
10uF P3.7/RD P2.5/A13 25 P2_4
RST 9 P2.4/A12 24 P2_3
RST AT89S51 P2.3/A11 23 P2_2
P2.2/A10 22 P2_1
18 P2.1/A9 21 P2_0

GND
R9 11.0592MHz 19 XTAL2 P2.0/A8
XTAL1
8K2
C16 C15

20
X2 33PF
33PF
UART
VCC
P2 10uF
5 C20
9

16
2
DB9-MALE

4 U6
8 14 11

V+

VCC
3 7 T1OUT T1IN 10 TXD
7 T2OUT T2IN VCC
2 8 12
6 13 R2IN R1OUT 9 RXD
1 R1IN R2OUT U5 VCC

40
1
C+ C17 P1_0 1 39 P0_0 2 1

VCC
MAX232 P1_1 2 P1.0 P0.0/AD0 38 P0_1 3
3 10uF P1_2 3 P1.1 P0.1/AD1 37 P0_2 4 R10
C1- P1_3 4 P1.2 P0.2/AD2 36 P0_3 5
P1.3 P0.3/AD3

SIP 9 10k
6 4 P1_4 5 35 P0_4 6
V- C2+ C18 P1_5 6 P1.4 P0.4/AD4 34 P0_5 7
C19
P1_6 7 P1.5 P0.5/AD5 33 P0_6 8

GND
10uF 5 10uF P1_7 8 P1.6 P0.6/AD6 32 P0_7 9
C2- P1.7 P0.7/AD7 C
10 31 EA
15
11 P3.0/RXD EA/VPP 30
VCC P3_212 P3.1/TXD ALE/PROG 29 PSEN
P3_313 P3.2/INTO PSEN
P3.3/INT1
PUSH SW5

P3_414
P3_515 P3.4/TO 28 P2_7
C14 P3_616 P3.5/T1 P2.7/A15 27 P2_6
P3_717 P3.6/WR P2.6/A14 26 P2_5
10uF P3.7/RD P2.5/A13 25 P2_4
RST 9 P2.4/A12 24 P2_3
RST AT89S51 P2.3/A11 23 P2_2
P2.2/A10 22 P2_1
18 P2.1/A9 21 P2_0

GND
R9 11.0592MHz 19 XTAL2 P2.0/A8
XTAL1
8K2
C16 C15

20
X2 33PF
33PF
 CONNECTION OF EA ,PSEN
VCC
P2 10uF
5 C20
9

16
2
DB9-MALE

4 U6
8 14 11

V+

VCC
3 7 T1OUT T1IN 10 TXD
7 T2OUT T2IN VCC
2 8 12
6 13 R2IN R1OUT 9 RXD
1 R1IN R2OUT U5 VCC

40
1 VCC
C+ C17 P1_0 1 39 P0_0 2 1

VCC
MAX232 P1_1 2 P1.0 P0.0/AD0 38 P0_1 3
3 10uF P1_2 3 P1.1 P0.1/AD1 37 P0_2 4 R10
C1- P1_3 4 P1.2 P0.2/AD2 36 P0_3 5
P1.3 P0.3/AD3

SIP 9 10k
6 4 P1_4 5 35 P0_4 6
V- C2+ C18 P1_5 6 P1.4 P0.4/AD4 34 P0_5 7 R11 R12
C19 GND
P1_6 7 P1.5 P0.5/AD5 33 P0_6 8
P1.6 P0.6/AD6 8K2 8K2
10uF 5 10uF P1_7 8 32 P0_7 9
C2- P1.7 P0.7/AD7 C
10 31 EA EA
15

11 P3.0/RXD EA/VPP 30
VCC P3_212 P3.1/TXD ALE/PROG 29 PSEN PSEN
P3_313 P3.2/INTO PSEN
P3.3/INT1
PUSH SW5

P3_414
P3_515 P3.4/TO 28 P2_7
C14 P3_616 P3.5/T1 P2.7/A15 27 P2_6
P3_717 P3.6/WR P2.6/A14 26 P2_5
10uF P3.7/RD P2.5/A13 25 P2_4
RST 9 P2.4/A12 24 P2_3
RST AT89S51 P2.3/A11 23 P2_2
P2.2/A10 22 P2_1
18 P2.1/A9 21 P2_0

GND
R9 11.0592MHz 19 XTAL2 P2.0/A8
XTAL1
8K2
C16 C15

20
X2 33PF
33PF
FT232 USB-UART CONNECTION
USB VCC HEADER 2
JP13
L1 1
10UH-FB-SMD
2

1
VCC FT232RL-SOIC
2 U4
D- 16 1 RXD
CN5 3 15 USBDM TXD 5 TXD
D+ USBDP RXD
GND

GND

USB-MINI 4 24
GND 20 NC2 8
17 VCC NC1 19
6

4 3V3OUT RESET#
VCCIO 28
OSC0 27
3 OSC1
11 RTS# 23
C13 C12 2 CTS# CBUS0 22
9 DTR# CBUS1 13

AGND
DSR# CBUS2

GND1
GND2
GND3
10 14

TEST
0.1uF 0.1uF
6 DCD# CBUS3 12
RI# CBUS4
ISP PROGRAM M ER

7
18
21
26
25
J3

3
2
1

HEADER 3
Programming
LED Interface
VCC
P2 10uF
5 C20
9

16
2
DB9-MALE

4 U6
8 14 11

V+

VCC
3 7 T1OUT T1IN 10 TXD
7 T2OUT T2IN VCC
2 8 12
6 13 R2IN R1OUT 9 RXD
1 R1IN R2OUT U5 VCC

40
1 VCC
C+ C17 P1_0 1 39 P0_0 2 1

VCC
MAX232 P1_1 2 P1.0 P0.0/AD0 38 P0_1 3
3 10uF P1_2 3 P1.1 P0.1/AD1 37 P0_2 4 R10
C1- P1_3 4 P1.2 P0.2/AD2 36 P0_3 5
P1.3 P0.3/AD3

SIP 9 10k
6 4 P1_4 5 35 P0_4 6
V- C2+ C18 P1_5 6 P1.4 P0.4/AD4 34 P0_5 7 R11 R12
C19
P1_6 7 P1.5 P0.5/AD5 33 P0_6 8
GND P1.6 P0.6/AD6 8K2 8K2
10uF 5 10uF P1_7 8 32 P0_7 9
C2- P1.7 P0.7/AD7 C
10 31 EA EA
15

11 P3.0/RXD EA/VPP 30
VCC P3_212 P3.1/TXD ALE/PROG 29 PSEN PSEN
P3_313 P3.2/INTO PSEN
P3.3/INT1
PUSH SW5

P3_414
P3_515 P3.4/TO 28 P2_7
C14 P3_616 P3.5/T1 P2.7/A15 27 P2_6

1
P3_717 P3.6/WR P2.6/A14 26 P2_5
P3.7/RD P2.5/A13 25 P2_4

C
10uF R13
RST 9 P2.4/A12 24 P2_3
RST AT89S51 P2.3/A11 23 P2_2 330E
P2.2/A10 22 P2_1 3M M LED

2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
18 P2.1/A9 21 P2_0

GND
R9 11.0592MHz 19 XTAL2 P2.0/A8 RED Color
XTAL1
8K2
C16 C15

20
X2 33PF
33PF

LED1

LED2

LED3

LED4

LED5

LED6

LED7

LED8
P0_0

P0_1

P0_2

P0_3

P0_4

P0_5

P0_6

P0_7
 LCD Interface
VCC
P2 10uF
5 C20
9

16
2
DB9-MALE

4 U6
8 14 11

V+

VCC
3 7 T1OUT T1IN 10 TXD
7 T2OUT T2IN VCC
2 8 12
6 13 R2IN R1OUT 9 RXD
1 R1IN R2OUT U5 VCC

40
1 VCC
C+ C17 P1_0 1 39 P0_0 2 1

VCC
MAX232 P1_1 2 P1.0 P0.0/AD0 38 P0_1 3
3 10uF P1_2 3 P1.1 P0.1/AD1 37 P0_2 4 R10
C1- P1_3 4 P1.2 P0.2/AD2 36 P0_3 5
P1.3 P0.3/AD3

SIP 9 10k
6 4 P1_4 5 35 P0_4 6
V- C2+ C18 P1_5 6 P1.4 P0.4/AD4 34 P0_5 7 R11 R12
C19
P1_6 7 P1.5 P0.5/AD5 33 P0_6 8
GND
P1.6 P0.6/AD6 8K2 8K2
10uF 5 10uF P1_7 8 32 P0_7 9
C2- P1.7 P0.7/AD7 C
10 31 EA EA
15

11 P3.0/RXD EA/VPP 30
VCC P3_212 P3.1/TXD ALE/PROG 29 PSEN PSEN
P3_313 P3.2/INTO PSEN
P3.3/INT1
PUSH SW5

P3_414 VCC
P3_515 P3.4/TO 28 P2_7
C14 P3.5/T1 P2.7/A15 R24
P3_616 27 P2_6 JP2

1
P3_717 P3.6/WR P2.6/A14 26 P2_5 GND
10uF P3.7/RD P2.5/A13 25 P2_4 1
RST 9 P2.4/A12 24 P2_3 2 LCD_P 2
RST AT89S51 P2.3/A11 23 P2_2 10K 3
P2.2/A10 22 P2_1 P3.5 4
18 P2.1/A9 21 P2_0 P3.6 5

GND
R9 19 XTAL2 P2.0/A8 P3.7 6
11.0592MHz

3
XTAL1 P1_0 7
8K2 P1_1 8
C16 C15

20
X2 33PF P1_2 9
33PF P1_3 10
P1_4 11
P1_5 12
P1_6 13
P1_7 14
VCC 15
16
2x16 LCD
Temperature sensor and Buzzer
Interface P2
5
10uF
C20
VCC U12 DS1820

GND
Vdd
9

DQ
16
2
DB9-MALE

4 U6
8 14 11 VCC

V+

VCC

1
3 7 T1OUT T1IN 10 TXD
7 T2OUT T2IN VCC
2 8 12
6 13 R2IN R1OUT 9 RXD
1 R1IN R2OUT U5 VCC

40
1 VCC R42 4K7
C+ C17 P1_0 1 39 P0_0 2 1

VCC
MAX232 P1_1 2 P1.0 P0.0/AD0 38 P0_1 3

P0_0
3 10uF P1_2 3 P1.1 P0.1/AD1 37 P0_2 4 R10
C1- P1_3 4 P1.2 P0.2/AD2 36 P0_3 5
P1.3 P0.3/AD3

SIP 9 10k
6 4 P1_4 5 35 P0_4 6
V- C2+ P1.4 P0.4/AD4 R11 R12
1-WIRE
C19 C18 P1_5 6 34 P0_5 7
P1_6 7 P1.5 P0.5/AD5 33 P0_6 8
GND
P1.6 P0.6/AD6 8K2 8K2
10uF 5 10uF P1_7 8 32 P0_7 9
C2- P1.7 P0.7/AD7 C
10 31 EA EA
15

11 P3.0/RXD EA/VPP 30
VCC P3_212 P3.1/TXD ALE/PROG 29 PSEN PSEN
P3_313 P3.2/INTO PSEN
P3.3/INT1
PUSH SW5

P3_414 VCC
P3_515 P3.4/TO 28 P2_7
C14 P3.5/T1 P2.7/A15 R24
P3_616 27 P2_6 JP2

1
P3_717 P3.6/WR P2.6/A14 26 P2_5 GND
10uF P3.7/RD P2.5/A13 25 P2_4 1
RST 9 P2.4/A12 24 P2_3 2 LCD_P 2
RST AT89S51 P2.3/A11 23 P2_2 10K 3
P2.2/A10 22 P2_1 P3.5 4
18 P2.1/A9 21 P2_0 P3.6 5

GND
R9 19 XTAL2 P2.0/A8 P3.7 6
11.0592MHz

3
XTAL1 P1_0 7
8K2 P1_1 8
C16 C15

20
X2 33PF P1_2 9
33PF P1_3 10
P1_4 11
P1_5 12
P1_6 13
BUZZER SM ALL P1_7 14
VCC
CON3 LS2 VCC 15
J7 16
Q1 1 2x16 LCD
BC847
1
2
3

3
R51 1 k
1 SOT-23

BUZZER
P0_0

2
Seven Segment Interface

P3.4

P3.5

P3.6

P3.7
7SEG_P

1
R18 1K R19 1K R20 1K R21 1K
2 Q1 2 Q2 2 Q3 2 Q4

SEG[0..7]

3
330E R22 SEG0
A
330E R25 SEG1 U6 U7 U8 U9

8
B
330E R26 SEG2 SEG0 7 SEG0 7 SEG0 7 SEG0 7

CA

CA

CA

CA

CA

CA

CA

CA
C SEG1 6 A SEG1 6 A SEG1 6 A SEG1 6 A
330E R27 SEG3 SEG2 4 B SEG2 4 B SEG2 4 B SEG2 4 B
D SEG3 2 C SEG3 2 C SEG3 2 C SEG3 2 C
330E R28 SEG4 SEG4 1 D SEG4 1 D SEG4 1 D SEG4 1 D
E SEG5 9 E SEG5 9 E SEG5 9 E SEG5 9 E
330E R29 SEG5 SEG610 F SEG610 F SEG610 F SEG610 F
F SEG7 5 G SEG7 5 G SEG7 5 G SEG7 5 G
330E R30 SEG6 DP DP DP DP
G
7 SEG DISP 7 SEG DISP 7 SEG DISP 7 SEG DISP
330E R31 SEG7
DP SEG[0..7] SEG[0..7] SEG[0..7]

CA, RED DISPLAY

7 SEGMENT DISPLAY
Relay and Stepper Motor

U10 R33 D5
330E RELAY SPDT RELAY SPDT
1 18 STM_A RL1
DR1 2 I1 O1 17 STM_B ULN_PWR 2 ULN_PWR 2
LS1 LS2
DR2 3 I2 O2 16 STM_C RL1 1 RL2 1
DR3 4 I3 O3 15 STM_D LED 4 R1_NC 4 R2_NC
DR4 5 I4 O4 14 RL1 R1_C 3 R2_C 3
DR5 6 I5 O5 13 RL2 R34 D6 5 R1_NO 5 R2_NO
330E
DR6 7 I6 O6 12 RL2
8 I7 O7 11

R1_NO

R2_NO
R1_NC

R2_NC
9 I8 O8 10 ULN_PWR

R1_C

R2_C
GND COMM LED
ULN2803A VCC
JP3

RELAY O/P1

RELAY O/P2
CN12 1 STM_A
2 STM_B PBT3 PBT3

3
2
1

3
2
1
DR1 1 2 DR2

JP4

JP5
3 ULN_PWR
DR3 3 4 DR4 4 STM_C CON CON
DR5 5 6 DR6 5
7 8
2X5V RELAY
6 STM_D
9 10
MOTOR/RELAY HEADER 6
10PIN FRC
J3
BOX HEADER
VCC J4
JP6
1 STM_A
2 STM_B EXT_VCC 2 PBT2
3 STM_C ULN_PWR 1 1
4 STM_D EXT_VCC 2 CON
5 ULN_PWR 3
6 MOTOR/RELAY
HEADER 2
HEADER 6

STEPPER MOTOR
PCB Foot prints
Unrouted PCB Board
Legend
Bottom layer -Routing
Top Layer-Routing
Drill chart
Solder Mask -Top
Solder Mask -Bottom
Thank You