JABATAN KEJURUTERAAN MEKANIKAL

POLITEKNIK UNGKU OMAR

SESI II 2021/2022
KOD KURSUS : DJJ40153
NAMA KURSUS : PNEUMATIC AND HYDRAULIC
NO & TAJUK LAB : PRACTICAL TASK 4 (PRACTICAL 4:
PNEUMATIC AND ELECTROPNEUMATIC
CIRCUIT USING SIMULATION SOFTWARE)
SEKSYEN KURSUS &
KUMPULAN LAB :
NAMA PENSYARAH KURSUS :EN. MUHAMMAD REDZUAN B. CHE NOORDIN

ARAHAN PENILAIAN:

1. Jawab semua/pilihan soalan dalam masa 2 hari (Rujuk SLT)

2. Jawapan adalah secara individu/berkumpulan.
3. Kembalikan soalan setelah selesai menjawab/Soalan boleh disimpan oleh pelajar.
4. Lain-lain arahan yang bersesuaian mengikut kursus.

NO. PENDAFTARAN NAMA CLO MARKAH

01DKM20F1128 SYED MUHAMAD FIRDAUS BIN SYED 3 20

MOHD AZIZAN

01DKM20F1129 NURSYAZUANI BT MOHAMED RIZAL

01DKM20F1131 MUHAMMAD SYAFIQ BIN ABD RAHIM

01DKM20F1132 MUHAMMAD JOHAN ISKANDAR PUTRA

BIN ABDUL RAZAK JUMLAH 20

Disediakan oleh: Disemak dan Disahkan oleh:

ISMANIZA BINTI ISMAIL KAMARUZZAMAN BIN DAUD

1.0 SAFETY AND HEALTH :

All students must read and understand the information in this document with
regard to laboratory safety and emergency procedures prior to the first laboratory
session. Your personal laboratory safety depends mostly on YOU. Effort has been
made to address situations that may pose a hazard in the lab but the information and
instructions provided cannot be considered all-inclusive.

Students must adhere to written and verbal safety instructions throughout the
academic term. Since additional instructions may be given at the beginning of
laboratory sessions, it is important that all students arrive at each session on time.

With good judgement, the chance of an accident in this course is very small.
Nevertheless, research and teaching workplaces (labs, shops, etc.) are full of
potential hazards that can cause serious injury and or damage to the equipment.
Working alone and unsupervised in laboratories is forbidden if you are working with
hazardous substances or equipment. With prior approval, at least two people should
be present so that one can shut down equipment and call for help in the event of an
emergency.

Safety training and/or information should be provided by a faculty member,

teaching assistant, lab safety contact, or staff member at the beginning of a new
assignment or when a new hazard is introduced into the workplace.

1.1. Emergency Response

• It is your responsibility to read safety and fire alarm posters and follow
the instructions during an emergency
• Know the location of the fire extinguisher and know how to use them.
• Notify your instructor immediately after any injury, fire or explosion, or
spill.
• Know the building evacuation procedures.

1.2. Common Sense

• Good common sense is needed for safety in a laboratory. It is expected

that each student will work in a responsible manner and exercise good
judgement and common sense.
• If at any time you are not sure how to handle a particular situation, ask your
Teaching Assistant or Instructor for advice.DO NOT TOUCH ANYTHING
WITH WHICH YOU ARE NOT COMPLETELY FAMILIAR!!!
• It is always better to ask questions than to risk harm to yourself or
damage to the equipment.

1.3. Personal and General laboratory safety

• Never eat, drink, or smoke while working in the laboratory.

• Read labels carefully.
 • Do not use any equipment unless you are trained and approved as a user
by your supervisor.
• Wear safety glasses or face shields when working with hazardous
materials and/or equipment.
• Wear gloves when using any hazardous or toxic agent.
• Clothing: When handling dangerous substances, wear gloves, laboratory
coats, and safety shield or glasses. Shorts and sandals should not be worn
in the lab at any time. Shoes are required when working in the machine
shops.
• If you have long hair or loose clothes, make sure it is tied back orconfined.
• Keep the work area clear of all materials except those needed for your
work. Coats should be hung in the hall or placed in a locker. Extra books,
purses, etc. should be kept away from equipment that requires air flow or
ventilation to prevent overheating.
• Disposal - Students are responsible for the proper disposal of usedmaterial
if any in appropriate containers.
• Equipment Failure - If a piece of equipment fails while being used, report it
immediately to your lab assistant or tutor. Never try to fix the problem
yourself because you could harm yourself and others.
• If leaving a lab unattended, turn off all ignition sources and lock the
doors.
• Clean up your work area before leaving.
• Wash hands before leaving the lab and before eating.

1.4. Electrical safety

• Obtain permission before operating any high voltage equipment.

• Maintain an unobstructed access to all electrical panels.
• Wiring or other electrical modifications must be referred to the Workshop
Coordinator.
• Avoid using extension cords whenever possible. If you must use one,
obtain a heavy- duty one that is electrically grounded, with its own fuse,
and install it safely. Extension cords should not go under doors, across
aisles, be hung from the ceiling, or plugged into other extension cords.
• Never, ever modify, attach or otherwise change any high voltage
equipment.
• Always make sure all capacitors are discharged (using a grounded cable
with an insulating handle) before touching high voltage leads or the"inside"
of any equipment even after it has been turned off. Capacitors can hold
charge for many hours after the equipment has been turned off.
• When you are adjusting any high voltage equipment or a laser which is
powered with a high voltage supply, USE ONLY ONE HAND. Your other
hand is best placed in a pocket or behind your back. This procedure
eliminates the possibility of an accident where high voltage current flows
up one arm, through your chest, and down the other arm.
1.5. Mechanical safety

• When using compressed air, use only approved nozzles and never
directs the air towards any person.
• Guards on machinery must be in place during operation.
• Exercise care when working with or near hydraulically- or pneumatically-
driven equipment. Sudden or unexpected motion can inflict serious injury.

1.6. . Additional Safety Guidelines

• Never do unauthorized experiments.

• Never work alone in laboratory.
• Keep your lab space clean and organized.
• Do not leave an on-going experiment unattended.
• Always inform your instructor if you break a component.
• Check your glassware for cracks and chips each time you use it. Cracks
could cause the glassware to fail during use and cause serious injury to
you or lab mates.
• Maintain unobstructed access to all exits, fire extinguishers, electrical
panels, emergency showers, and eye washes.
• Do not use corridors for storage or work areas.
• Do not store heavy items above table height. Any overhead storage of
supplies on top of cabinets should be limited to lightweight items only. Also,
remember that a 36" diameter area around all fire sprinkler heads must be
kept clear at all times.
• Areas containing lasers, biohazards, radioisotopes, and carcinogens
should be posted accordingly. However, do not post areas unnecessarily
and be sure that the labels are removed when the hazards are no longer
present.
• Be careful when lifting heavy objects. Only shop staff may operate forklifts
or cranes.
• Clean your lab bench and equipment, and lock the door before you leave
the laboratory.
PRACTICAL 4: PNEUMATIC AND ELECTROPNEUMATIC
CIRCUIT USING SIMULATION SOFTWARE

Figure 4.1 below shows the schematic a furnace and its door that to be controlled.
Design a circuit for the furnace door to be opened and closed using FluidSIM.

Figure 4.1: Furnace

1) Construct a pneumatic circuit by using single cylinder based on situation

above.

2) Construct an electro- pneumatic circuit by using double acting cylinder based

on situation above.

3) Construct a pneumatic circuit by using double acting cylinder based on

situation above.

4) Construct an electro-pneumatic circuit by using single cylinder based on

situation above:
LAB REPORT ASSESSMENT

A- Draw and label the Pneumatic/Hydraulic/Electrical Schematics

( ISO FORMAT COMPULSARY) – 4 MARKS

1)

2)

3)
4)
 B- Explain how the Lab/Practical Task functioned. (USE ONLY TECHNICAL
TERMS) – 3 MARKS

From beginning, we should determine the circuit that need to be built. Next, we must
comprehend the components used in this work, such as single and double acting
cylinders. After that, we must construct it using fluidSIM. Locate the parts and drag them to
the construction page. After that, connect all of the components. By clicking and dragging
the mouse, you can move the line from one component to another. Last but not least, run
the simulation. This is where we determine whether or not the circuit is functional. A circuit
is efficiently built for opening and closing the furnace door.
 C- Briefly explain the THEORY related to practical – 3 MARKS

A pneumatic circuit can be used to build a pneumatic control system. Various pneumatic
components, such as cylinders, directional control valves, flow control valves, and
others, make up a pneumatic circuit. The pneumatic circuit's goal is to regulate
compressed air injection and release in the cylinders. Aside from that, it's also possible
to use one valve to control another. The pneumatic circuit is made up of both pneumatic
and electric components. The working stroke of a single acting pneumatic cylinder is
achieved by frilling the cylinder with compressed air. Single-acting cylinders feature only
one port via which pressurised air enters. Once compressed, air enters the single port,
forcing the piston to extend in one direction, compressing the spring. After expelling air
through the same port where it entered, the spring will retract the piston to its original
position. Without the use of a spring, a double-acting cylinder can expand and retract.
Instead of delivering pressured air through a single port, a double acting cylinder has two
ports through which air can flow in and out. Air enters through one port, propelling the
piston forward, while pressurised air is applied through the other port, pulling the piston
back into the cylinder. Some applications have been utilised to model the circuit in
pneumatic and electro pneumatic design. FluidSIM is an excellent tool for developing,
simulating, teaching, and researching electro-pneumatic, electro-hydraulic, digital, and
electronic circuits. It has capabilities that work together to combine diverse media types
and information sources into a format that is easily accessible. FluidSIM is a circuit
diagram editor including component descriptions, photos, sectional view animations, and
video sequences. The functioning principles of pneumatic components are demonstrated
through textual explanation photos and animations. In simulations, the electrical design
is used, so students can use any component they choose.
 D- Reflection (The knowledge or skill acquired from this Lab/Practical Task). – 2
MARKS

Finally, we learned how to draw a circuit for a reversible furnace. These circuits were built
using FluidSIM. We can study how pneumatic circuits function by using a single cylinder,
electro-pneumatic circuit, and a double acting cylinder pneumatic circuit. Finally, we
discovered that single and double acting cylinders use compressed air to activate the
piston in one direction and spring force to return to the base position, whereas double
acting cylinders use an adjustable flow control to allow air to flow freely out of the port
and to the left side of the cylinder.