alkyd resins, 55

INDEX alkylation, 85, 92

alkylation units, 92
aluminum manufacturing, 137-141
absorption, 59
absorption towers, 446-455 ammonia, 62, 63
acetaldehyde, 56 ammonia emissions, 65
acetone, 54, 56
ammonium nitrate (AN), 62-64
ACGIH, 256
acid deposition control, 5 ammonium phosphates, 62
acid precipitation, 10 ammonia plants, 66
acrylic engineering polymers, 54 ammonia production from natural
acrylic fibers, 54 gas, 64
acrylonitrile, 54 ammonium sulfate, 63, 64
acrylonitrile butadiene styrene ammonium sulfate nitrate, 63, 64
(ABS), 54 ammonia synthesis, 64-66
activated alumina, 59 anhydrous ammonia, 62, 64
activated carbon, 59, 163 aniline, 55
additive production, 99 anti-freeze, 79
adhesives,, 37, 38 antioxidants, 55
adsorbers, 462-472 aromatics, 54, 56, 93, 167
adsorption, 163 aromatic hydrocarbons, 105
agro-industry chemicals, 61 asbestos, 60
agrochemicals, 54 ASHRAE standards, 197
air quality assessments, 282 asphalt, 79
air quality enforcement, 8 asphaltenes, 95
air dispersion models, 297-313 atmospheric distillation, 84
air permits, 6 atmospheric haze, 18
airborne field experiments, 9 atmospheric models, 10
airborne particulate matter, 14 atmospheric stability classes, 283
alcohols, 169 atrazine, 71
aldehydes, 170 azo dyes, 55
aliphatic, 167
alkanes, 56, 169 Bacillus thuringiensis, 71
alkenes, 170

553
554 HANDBOOKOF POLLUTIONPREVENTIONAND CONTROL

baghouses, 140 carbamates, 71

baseline costs, 505-508 carbaryl, 71
basic fertilizers, 62 carbofuran, 71
bauxite, 140 carbon dioxide, 64
benefit-to-cost ratio, 504-505 carbon monoxide, 2, 4, 273
benthiocarb, 71 carbon tetrachloride, 8, 61
benzene, 54, 56, 79 carbonaceous soot, 9
benzidine, 55 catalytic cracking, 59, 85, 88
best available control measures catalytic dehydrogenation of
(BACM), 4 isobutane, 99
Bhopal, India, 13 catalytic hydrocracking, 85, 90
biofiltration, 59 catalytic reforming, 85, 93
biopesticides, 71 caustic scrubber systems, 61
biotransformations, 28,286 caustic soda, 60
back smoke, 16 ceiling values, 258
boiling point, 160 CFC molecules, 13
brine, 60 CFCs, 8
chemical industry feedstocks, 79
building-related illness, 196 chemical process industries, 53
bulk samples, 253 chlor-alkali industry, 61
buoyancy induced dispersion, 317 chlor-alkali plants, 60
butadiene, 54, 79 chlorine, 13, 60
butane, 79 chlorine-hydrogen reduction, 136
butylenes, 54, 79 chloroinsecticides, 179
chlorophenoxy compounds (2,4-D,
2,4,5-T, and silvex), 71
calciners, 140
chromium oxide, 64
calcium nitrate, 62
Class II chemicals (HCFCs), 8
calcium nitrate fertilizer, 62
Claus process, 98
calcium ammonium nitrate, 63, 64
calcium carbonate, 62 Claus tail gas, 99
Clean Air Act Amendments, 1, 6
caprolactam, 64
Clean Air Act of 1977, 2, 4
 INDEX 555

Clean Air Act of 1990, 4 DAP, 62

Clean Air Act Amendments of degreasing agents, 54
1990, 3, 8
dehydrocyclization of paraffins, 93
coatings, 37, 54
dehydrogenation reactions, 93
cobalt, 64
dehydrogenation of naphthenes, 93
coke, 64, 79
density, 160
coke manufacturing, 72-75
deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA), 13
coke-chemical plants, 10
Department of Energy, 81
coking, 85
desalting, 84
collection efficiency, 393
desulfurization, 64
colorimetric tubes, 275
detector tube pumps, 248
combustion, 59
detergents, 79
condensation scrubber, 443-446
dewaxing processes, 94
control technologies, general, 19-26
dewaxing, 85
copper oxide, 64
dewaxing of lubricating oil base
copper smelting, 141-144 stocks, 94
corrosivity, 164 di-isopropanolamine (DIPA), 99
covalent, 167 diaphragm cell, 60
cracked oil vapors, 88 diesel, 79
cracking, 54 diffusion coefficients, 286
cresol, 258 dispersion models, 282
criminal penalties, 8 dispersion parameters, 317
crude distillates, 53 distillate fractions, 94
crude oil, 81, 84 distillate fuel oil, 79
crude oil distillation capacity, 81 distillation of crude oil, 85
Crude Oil Entitlements Program, dithiocarbamates, 71
81 diuron, 71
cumene, 258
DMT, 55
cyanides, 179 dolomite, 64
cyclone separators, 20, 397-404 dry cleaning, 37
cypermethrin, 71
dry-scrubbing systems, 21
556 HANDBOOKOF POLLUTIONPREVENTIONAND CONTROL

dust collectors (baghouses), 21 filters, 21

dye manufacturing, 75-77 finished nonfuel products, 79
dyestuffs, 54, 55 fire point, 161
flash smelting, 134
eddy motion, 282 flashpoint, 161
electric furnaces, 136 flue gas desulfurization, 41
electric arc furnace (EAF), 115 fluid bed roasting, 136
electronics cleaning, 37 fluidized bed, 64
electrostatic precipitators, 232, 417- fluidized-bed reactors, 88
434
fluidized-bed catalytic cracking units
electrostatic separators, 20 (FCCUs), 88
electrostatic precipitation, 232 fluorides, 62
Emergency Response Notification food chain, 9
System (ERNS) database, 57
formaldehyde, 54
emission inspection programs, 4
fractionation, 88
emulsion cleaners, 37
fuels, 79
environmental impact assessments,
fume scrubbers, 21
282
fumigation, 319
environmental diseases, 42
functional group, 167
esters, 170
fungicides, 179
ethane, 79
ethanol, 105
galvanizing, 120
ethers, 170
gas sorption, 233
ethylene, 54, 56, 79, 105
gas treatment, 97
explosive limits, 161
gasoline blending additives, 105
explosives, 54
gasoline blending components, 92
Gaussian diffusion equation, 290
fabric filters, 404-417
Gaussian plume computations, 282
fabric filters, 66
Gaussian plume model, 285
fate and transport, 9
global scale pollution, 13
fertilizers, 79
global warming, 14
fiber-bed scrubbers, 460-462
 INDEX 557

global climate change, 10 impingement separators, 20

granular potash, 62 income taxes, 511-512
granulation, 62 indoor air quality, 188
gravity settling chambers,390 inertial separators, 20
greases, 79 inks, 37
ground-level ozone, 29-38 insecticides, 179
gum formation, 93 integrated pest management (IPM),
212
internal rate of return, 502-504
halides, 91
inversion break-up fumigation, 319
halogenated hydrocarbons, 54
halons, 8 iron, 64

HCFCs, 37 iron oxide, 64

herbicides, 179 isoamylene, 99

isobutylene, 99
heterocycles, 71
isomerization, 85, 92, 93
high-density polyethylene (HDPE),
54 isomerization catalysts, 92
hot rolling, 117 isomerization units, 92
HVAC maintenance records, 202 isomers, 167
HVAC systems, 189 isopropanol, 54
hydrides, 174
hydrocarbon blends, 37 jet fuel, 79
hydrocarbons, 167 jet scrubbers, 21
hydrocracking, 93
hydrocracking process, 90, 93 kerosene, 79
hydrogen cyanide, 258 ketones, 170
hydrogen sulfide, 179 Lakes Environmental software, 326
hydrometaUurgical processes, 134 lapse rate, 283
hydroprocessing, 91 lateritic ores, 134
hydrotreating, 85, 90 lateritic ore processing, 134
hypochlorite, 61 lead, 177
lead processing, 131
558 HANDBOOKOF POLLUTIONPREVENTIONAND CONTROL

Leak Detection and Repair (LDAR) methanol, 54, 99, 105

program, 102
methyl isocyanate, 13
lime kilns, 140 methyl tertiary butyl ether (MTBE),
limestone, 140 99
linear low-density polyethylene microscale circulation, 10
(LLDPE), 54 mixed fertilizers plants, 61
linear alkyl benzene, 54 mobile sources, 4
liquefied petroleum gas, 79 molecular sieve dryer, 90
liquid chlorine, 61 molybdenum, 64
low-density polyethylene (LDPE), 54 Montreal Protocol, 8
low-NOx burners, 65 motor gasoline, 79
lubricating oils, 79
moving-bed reactors, 88
MTBE, 105
MACT requirements, 4 multiple chemical sensitivity
malathion, 55 disorder, 43-47, 196
maleic anhydride, 55
MAP, 62 naphtha, 53, 79
Maximum Achievable Control naphtha crackers, 54, 56
Technology (MACT) standards, 4, 5 naphthalene, 105
mechanical cleaning, 37
National Pollution Elimination
melamine resins, 54 Discharge System (NPDES) law, 6
melting point, 160 National Environmental Law Center,
membrane cell, 60 57

mercury, 60, 177, 258 National Response Center, 57

mercury cell technology, 60 natural gas, 53, 63

Merox process, 94 nickel, 64, 134

mesoscale circulation, 10 nickel refining, 136

mesoscale modeling studies, 10 nickel oxides, 136

metal cleaning, 37 nitric acid, 62, 64, 65, 66

metallic salts, 176 nitrile rubber, 54

meteorological conditions, 289 nitro compounds (trifluralin), 71

methanation, 64 nitrobenzene, 55

nitrogen oxide emissions, 65, 66
nitrogen trichloride, 61
nitrogen oxides, 22-29
nitrogen, phosphorus, and potassium
(NPK), 61
nitrogen oxides, 65
nitrophosphate fertilizer, 62
nitrophosphate production, 62
nonattainment area classifications, 3
NPK fertilizers, 62
oily desalter sludge, 84
oily sour water, 85
olefins, 54
oleum, 68
organic peroxides, 170
organic carboxylic acids, 169
organic sulfonic acids, 169
organic bases, 169
organochlorines (dicofol and
endosulfan), 71
organophosphorus compounds, 71
orifice scrubber, 440-443
orographic effects, 295
oxidation resistance, 93
oxidation, 94
oxygenated fuels, 4
ozone, 2
ozone-depleting chemicals, 2, 13
packed towers, 446-455
paints, 79
INDEX 559
particulate matter (PM10), 2
Pasquill and Gifford model, 290
payback period, 501-502
pentachlorophenol (penta), 325
peroxides, 174
pest control activities, 212
pesticide formulation plant, 70
pesticides, 55, 79, 179
petroleum coke, 81
petroleum jelly, 79
petroleum products, 3, 79
petroleum refining, 53, 79-112
petroleum refining industry, 81
petroleum wax, 79
pharmaceuticals, 54, 55
pharmaceutical industry, 77-79
pharmaceuticals manufacturing, 54,
77-79
phenol, 55
phenolic resins, 54
pherhormones, 71
phosphate rock, 62
phosphate fertilizer complexes, 68
_
phosphate fertilizers, 68
phosphoric acid, 62, 68
phosphoric acids, 62
phosphorous pentoxide, 62
phthalates, 55
phthalic anhydride, 55
plasma cleaning, 37
plastic resins,54
560 HANDBOOKOF POLLUTIONPREVENTIONAND CONTROL

plasticizers, 55 propane deasphalting, 85, 95

plastics industry, 55 propane, 79
plastics, 54 propylene, 54
plume rise, 295, 316-317 propylene glycol, 54
polishes, 55 propylene, 79, 105
pollutant pathways, 9 propylene oxides, 99
pollution prevention audits, 358-384 pyrethroids, 71
pollution prevention practices,
general, 19-23 reasonably available control
pollution prevention, 349 measures (RACM), 4
Pollution Prevention Act of 1990, reforming, 54
104 reformulated gasoline program, 4
polybutadiene rubber (PBR), 54 refrigerants, 13, 54, 79
polyester, 54 residual fuel oil, 79
polymerization, 85, 92 resins, 54, 79, 95
polypropylene, 54 reverberatory furnaces, 136
polystyrene, 54 rodenticides, 179
polystyrene resins, 55 rotary drum dryer, 64
polyurethane, 54 rotating granulator, 62
polyvinyl chloride (PVC), 54 rubbers, 54
potash (potassium carbonate), 62
potash manufacturing, 62 Schulman-Scire building downwash,
potassium, 62 323
power plants, 6 SCOT process, 99
precision cleaning, 37 scrubber, 391
present value of net benefit, 505 sealants, 79
prilling, 64 selective noncatalytic reduction
prilling tower, 65 (SNCR), 29

prilling towers, 66 settling chambers, 393-396

prilling, 62 shoreline fumigation, 320

products of incomplete combustion sick building syndrome, 196

(PICs), 19, 325 silica gel, 59
 INDEX 5r

silicone, 54 tertiary amyl methyl ether (TAMEI

skin notation, 258 99

smog, 2, 10 thermal vacuum deoiling, 37

solubility, 161 thermal inversion, 10

solvent extraction, 85, 93 thermal destructive technologies,

472-487
specific gravity, 160
thermal cracking, 85, 88
State Implementation Plan, 6
thermosetting resins, 55
steelmaking, 112-129
thinners, 79
stratosphere, 13
Threshold Limit Values (TLV' s),
stratospheric ozone and global 256
climate protection, 7
toluene,54, 56, 79
styrene, 55
topographical effects, 282
styrene butadiene rubber (SBR), 54
total suspended particulates, 16
sulfidic ore processing, 134
total cost accounting terminology,
sulfidic ores, 134 500
sulfur dioxide (SO2) emissions total cost accounting, 389
levels, 6
toxic air pollutants, definition, 4
sulfur dioxide, 136
toxicology, 180-182
sulfur oxides, 38-42
tray tower scrubbers, 455-460
sulfur recovery, 97
trichloroethylene, 56
sulfuric acid aerosols, 9
trichlorotoluene, 56
sulfuric acid, 61, 136
triple phosphate (TSP), 68
sulfuric acid, 68
supercritical cleaning fluid (SCF),
37 U.S. EPA dispersion models, 328

superheated steam, 85 ultraviolet (UV)/ozone cleaning, 37

sweetening, 94 unsaturated hydrocarbons, 56

sylvine (potassium chloride), 62 urban smog, 3, 13

synthetic fibers, 54 urea fertilizers, 64

synthetic rubber, 55 urea, 54, 63, 65, 66

urea derivatives, 71

tail gases, 61 urea prilling, 65

562 HANDBOOKOF POLLUTIONPREVENTIONAND CONTROL

vacuum distillation, 85, 95

vacuum pump, 238
vapor recovery systems, 59
vapor density, 160
vapor pressure, 160
variable air volume (VAV)
systems, 192-193
ventilation equipment, 230
venturi scrubbers, 21,434-440
visbreaking, 85
VOC emissions, 56
VOCs from storage tanks, 59
volatile organic compounds
(VOCs), 56, 70
volatilization, 163
vulcanization accelerators, 55

wake effects, 319

water reactive materials, 173-174
water-soluble chemistry, 37
waxes, 79
wet scrubbers, 21
wind rose plots, 327

xylenes, 54, 56, 79

zeolites, 59
zinc oxide, 64
zinc coating, 120
ziram, 71