¹p»ç系

}(100ç) Àj 26: }¶ }

單元 26: 分部積分
( }$í乘¶d†)
({… §7.2)

q u = u(x), v = v(x) ÌÑ x íª函b, †根W乘

¶d†
(uv)0 = u0v + uv 0
â¤û|
uv 0 = (uv)0 − u0v
si }, )
Z Z Z
uv 0 dx = (uv)0 dx − u0v dx

ÄÑ uv u (uv)0 íø¥û函b, ]
Z Z
uv 0dx = uv − u0vdx (1)

I}
du = u0dx J£ dv = v 0dx
† (1) óçk
Z Z
udv = uv − vdu

¤4另ø }x巧, ˚T}¶ } (integration by

parts), ì2à-.
1 2×bç系:PM
¹p»ç系 }(100ç) Àj 26: }¶ }

}¶ }: J u(x), v(x) ÌѪ函b, †

Z Z
u(x)v 0(x)dx = u(x)v(x) − v(x)u0(x)dx

C
Z Z
udv = uv − vdu

ÿ: øŸ\ 函bZA另øÀ$í\ 函b

Éœ: øŸ\ 函b}A_çí u D dv. ²¦ u íŸ

†uñq}, )øÀ型íû函b u0. ²¦ dv íŸ
†uñq }, )øÀ型í¥û函b (.ì }) v.
|(, vu0 (= vdu) ñq\ }|. _粦í?‰Dò
g, uÛb*Ö*3íç2漸漸Ë培ô|.

W 1. t°.ì }
Z
x sin x dx

<j> J\ 函b2³ x, †òQªàí }d†,

'ñqË°|ì }, ĤÛbTܨA困Øí x. ªW
íj¶4IwÑ u, Ê}¶ }v, ú u }, ÿªøw
 ¥. °vI dv Ñ剩ìí¶}, 7¥6uñq }í.

2 2×bç系:PM
¹p»ç系 }(100ç) Àj 26: }¶ }

¥ší²¦, Jñ‡VõN乎u£üí, 詳íRû¬˙

à-: I
u = x ⇒ du = dx
Z
dv = sin xdx ⇒ v = sin xdx = − cos x

Ĥ, 根W}¶ },
Z Z
x sin x dx = u dv
Z
= uv − vdu
Z
= −x cos x − − cos x dx
Z
= −x cos x + cos x dx
= −x cos x + sin x + C

W 2. t°.ì }
Z
x ln x dx

<j> 略õ5-, u ln x ¨A }í困Ø, 7/.?à

Hp¶, ]Sà}¶ } (by parts). I u ѨA困Ø
í¶}, ıN¬}7?øw ¥, wìí¶}Ñ dv,
?即,
1
u = ln x ⇒ du = dx
x
3 2×bç系:PM
¹p»ç系 }(100ç) Àj 26: }¶ }

1 2
Z
dv = xdx ⇒ v = xdx = x
2
Ĥ,
Z Z
x ln x dx = u dv
Z
= uv − v du
1 2 1 21
Z
= x ln x − x dx
2 Z2 x
1 2 1
= x ln x − x dx
2 2
1 2 1
= x ln x − x2 + C
2 4

W 3. tlì }
Z 1
xe−x dx
0

<j> 6uøš, u x ¨A }í困Ø, ]I

u = x ⇒ du = dx
J£
Z
dv = e−xdx ⇒ v = e−xdx = −e−x

4 2×bç系:PM
¹p»ç系 }(100ç) Àj 26: }¶ }

Ĥ, 根W}¶ }, )
Z 1 Z 1
xe−x dx = u dv
0 0
 Z 1
= uv − v du
x=0
 Z 1
= −xe−x + e−xdx
x=0
1
= −xe−x − e−x

0
= −e−1 − e−1 − (−1)


= 1 − 2e−1

W 4. t°.ì }
Z
ln x dx

<j> ³òQú ln x }íd†, ]‘.IwÑ u,

剩ìí¶}Ñ dv, 7Sà}¶ }íx巧, ?即, I
1
u = ln x ⇒ du = dx
x
J£
Z
dv = dx ⇒ v = dx = x

5 2×bç系:PM
¹p»ç系 }(100ç) Àj 26: }¶ }

7)
Z Z
ln x dx = u dv
Z
= uv − v du
1
Z
= x ln x − x dx
Z x
= x ln x − 1 dx
= x ln x − x + C

W 5. t°.ì }
Z
tan−1 x dx

<j> ÄѳòQú tan−1 x }íd†, O卻

}íd†, ]'éÍË.âIwÑ u, 剩ìí¶}Ñ dv,
1Sà}¶ }íx巧, 6ÿuz, I
1
u = tan−1 x ⇒ du = 2
dx
1+x
J£
Z
dv = dx ⇒ v = dx = x

7)
Z Z Z
tan−1 x dx = u dv = uv − v du

6 2×bç系:PM
¹p»ç系 }(100ç) Àj 26: }¶ }

QOHpóÉí¾, )
x
Z
Ÿ = x tan−1 x − dx
1 + x2
1 2x
Z
= x tan−1 x − 2
dx
2 1+x
1 1
Z
= −1
x tan x − dw
2 w !
w =1+x 2
Hp¶:
dw = 2x dx
1
= x tan−1 x − ln |w|
2
−1 1  2

= x tan x − ln 1 + x  + C

2
−1 1  2

= x tan x − ln 1 + x + C
2

W 6. (½複Uà}¶ }). tlì }

Z 1
x2ex dx
0

<j> l°|.ì }: 根W累 í%ð, ø__çí²

¦Ñ
u = x2 ⇒ du = 2xdx

7 2×bç系:PM
¹p»ç系 }(100ç) Àj 26: }¶ }

Z
dv = exdx ⇒ v = ex dx = ex

Ĥ,
Z Z
x2ex dx = uv − v du
Z
= x2ex − 2 xex dx

ÄÑ´ø_ x |ÛÊ\ 函bq (OŸj˛â 2 ±Ñ

1), ¤4TýyàøŸ}¶ }, ]I

u = x ⇒ du = dx
J£
dv = exdx ⇒ v = ex
ª)
Z  Z 
x2ex dx = x2ex − 2 xex − ex dx

= x2ex − 2 [xex − ex + C ]
= x2ex − 2xex + 2ex + C

|(, 根W FTC (part 2),

Z 1 1
2 x 2 x x x
x e dx = x e − 2xe + 2e 

0 0
= (e − 2e + 2e) − (2)
= e−2
8 2×bç系:PM
¹p»ç系 }(100ç) Àj 26: }¶ }

W 7. (½複Uà}¶ }). t°.ì }

Z
ex cos x dx

<j> 'péË̶UàHp¶, Ĥ嘗tUà}¶ }.

BkàS²¦ u D dv, ¤æ³LS差æ, ]Jækø
般í²¦, I

u = ex ⇒ du = exdx
Z
dv = cos xdx ⇒ v = cos x dx = sin x

7)
Z Z
ex cos x dx = uv − vdu
Z
= ex sin x − (sin x)exdx

´uø_úi函b|ÛÊ\ 函bq, Oâ cos x ‰A

sin x. N乎暗ýO, yàøŸ}¶ }})ƒŸ\ 函b
í型, Í(6rªàÀíj¶°|.ì }. FJ,
I
u = ex ⇒ du = exdx
Z
dv = sin xdx ⇒ v = sin x dx = − cos x

ª)
9 2×bç系:PM
¹p»ç系 }(100ç) Àj 26: }¶ }

Z
ex cos x dx
 Z 
= ex sin x − −ex cos x + cos xexdx
Z
= ex sin x + ex cos x − ex cos x dx
U¬ií.ì }剛ßuŸí -1 倍, ]á(, )
Z
2 ex cos xdx = ex(sin x + cos x)
Ĥ,
1 x
Z
x
e cos xdx = e (sin x + cos x) + C
2

註 1. JùŸí²¦.u u = ex, dv = sin xdx,

7u
u = sin x, dv = exdx
†
du = cos xdx, v = ex
7)
Z
ex cos x dx
 Z 
= ex sin x − sin xex − cos xexdx
Z
= ex sin x − ex sin x + ex cos x dx

10 2×bç系:PM
¹p»ç系 }(100ç) Àj 26: }¶ }

ø£üO卻Ìàíä, ÄÑ®á互óJ, )| 0 = 0
í0.

註 2. 累 í%ð:

(1) J.ì }í型Ñ

Z Z
P (x) sin ax dx, P (x) cos ax dx

C
Z
P (x)eax dx

v, w2 P (x) ÑøÖá, †I

u = P (x)

dv = sin axdx, cos axdx, C eaxdx

1½複Uà}¶ }.

(2) J\ 函bq

ln x, sin−1 x, C tan−1 x
v, I

u = ln x, sin−1 x, C tan−1 x
11 2×bç系:PM
¹p»ç系 }(100ç) Àj 26: }¶ }

dv = 剩-í¶}

W 8. t°-®á }.

Z 4
√ √
(a) x ln x dx
1

Z
√
(b) ln ( x + 1) dx

Z
(c) cos (ln x) dx

<j> (a) íl根Wúb函bí4”, ªøŸZ寫A

1 4√
Z
x ln xdx
2 1
QO根W累 í%ð (2), I
1
u = ln x ⇒ du = dx
x
√ 2 3/2
dv = xdx ⇒ v = x
3
12 2×bç系:PM
¹p»ç系 }(100ç) Àj 26: }¶ }

†
1 2 3/2

2 1/2
Z 4 
Ÿ = x ln x − x dx
2 3 3 1
4
1 2 3/2 2 2 3/2

= x ln x − · x
2 3 3 3  1
1 2 4 4

= · 8 ln 4 − · 8 − 0 −
2 3 9 9
1 16 28
= ln 4 −
2 3 9
8 14
= ln 4 −
3 9

(b) lJHp¶, I
√ 1
y= x + 1 ⇒ dy = √ dx
2 x
)
√
2 xdy = dx C 2(y − 1)dy = dx
1øŸž²Aø_œ熟2íä, 即
Z
√
ln( x + 1) dx
Z
= ln y · 2(y − 1) dy
Z Z 
= 2 y ln ydy − ln ydy (2)

13 2×bç系:PM
¹p»ç系 }(100ç) Àj 26: }¶ }

QO, °U¬iíø_.ì }: I
1
u = ln y ⇒ du = dy
y
J£
1 2
dv = ydy ⇒ v = y
2
)
Z Z
y ln y dy = uv − vdu
1 2 1
Z
= y ln y − y dy
2 2
1 2 1
= y ln y − y 2 + C (3)
2 4

Í(°ù_.ì }: I
1
u = ln y ⇒ du = dy
y
J£
dv = dy ⇒ v = y
)
Z Z
ln ydy = y ln y − dy
= y ln y − y + C (4)
14 2×bç系:PM
¹p»ç系 }(100ç) Àj 26: }¶ }

√
|(, â (2), (3), (4) , 1ø x + 1 Hp y, )
Z
√
ln ( x + 1) dx
1 2 1 2
 
= 2 y ln y − y − y ln y + y + C
2 4
2 1 2
= y ln y − y − 2y ln y + 2y + C
2
√ √ 1 √
= ( x + 1) ln ( x + 1) − ( x + 1)2 −
2
√ √ 2 √
2( x + 1) ln ( x + 1) + 2( x + 1) + C

(c) ̶àHp¶ (ÄÑ\ 函b2³ ln x íû函b

1/x), ]à}¶ }, I
1
u = cos (ln x) ⇒ du = − sin (ln x) dx
x
J£
dv = dx ⇒ v = x
)
Z Z
cos (ln x) dx = uv − vdu
Z
= x cos (ln x) + sin (ln x)dx

ÖÍU¬i´uø_ó°Øí\ 函b, O˛* cos

‰A7 sin, ¤暗ýyUàøŸ}¶ }, ª)|Ÿ\
15 2×bç系:PM
¹p»ç系 }(100ç) Àj 26: }¶ }

函bí型, 7ªàHbíj¶j5. FJ, I

1
u = sin (ln x) ⇒ du = cos (ln x) dx
x
J£
dv = dx ⇒ v = x
)
Z
cos (ln x) dx
 Z 
= x cos (ln x) + x sin (ln x) − cos (ln x) dx

øU¬ií.ì }á(, )
Z
2 cos (ln x) dx = x cos (ln x) + x sin (ln x)
Ĥ,
1
Z
cos (ln x) dx = x [cos (ln x) + sin (ln x)] + C
2

W 9. 縮Át (Reduction formula). t„

Z Z
xnex dx = xnex − n xn−1ex dx

註. U¬i\ 函b2íŸjªŸ\ 函b2íŸjÁ

ý7 1, ]./Uà¤縮Át, |(})ƒø_只 ex
í\ 函b, 7êAc_í }¬˙.
16 2×bç系:PM
¹p»ç系 }(100ç) Àj 26: }¶ }

<„p> I

u = xn ⇒ du = nxn−1dx
J£
dv = exdx ⇒ v = ex
]â}¶ }, )
Z Z
xnex dx = xnex − n xn−1ex dx

ÔW,
Z Z
n=3
x3ex dx = x3ex − 3 x2ex dx
 Z 
n=2
= x3ex − 3 x2ex − 2 xexdx
 Z 
n=1
= x3ex − 3x2ex + 6 xex − exdx

= x3ex − 3x2ex + 6xex − 6ex + C

17 2×bç系:PM