# UNSW Global Assessments 2018 SCIENCE DO NOT OPEN THIS BOOKLET UNTIL INSTRUCTED. 45 QUESTIONS TIME ALLOWED: 1 HOUR STUDENT'S NAME: Read the instructions on the ANSWER SHEET and fil in your NAME, SCHOOL and OTHER INFORMATION Use a pencil Do NOT use a coloured pencil ora pen. Rub out any mistakes completely, ‘You MUST record your answers on the ANSWER SHEET. Wark only ONE answer for Bach Guestion ‘Your score will be the number of correct answers, Marks are NOT deducted for incorrect answers. ‘There are 45 MULTIPLE-CHOICE QUESTIONS (1-45), Use the information provided to choose the BEST answer from the four possible options. (On your ANSWER SHEET fil in the oval that matches. ‘your answer. ‘Yollimay use a Saloulater anda lee ICAS1. Lynn records the temperature readings in her refrigerator and freezer. ‘What is the difference between the temperature in her refrigerator and the temperature in her freezer? 210°C (8) 190°C ©) 140°C (0) 130°C 2. The diagram shows parts of a human heart. The sinoatrial node generates electrical impulses that move across the heart muscle to make the heart beat and pump blood, sinoatrial node ‘An automated external defibilator (AED) can be used to detect and treat irregular heartbeat, Two AED pads are placed on the patient's chest in a way that the electrical shock wil cross the heart and reset it to its normal rhythm of beating ‘Which positioning of the pads produces shocks with a similar direction to the electrical impulses produced by the sinoatrial node? A) (6) ‘20181088 Sone Paper F © UNSW Ctl Ply Lint ai3. The largest mosquito in the world is Toxortynchites speciosus (T. speciosus). Its found in the eastern and northern parts of Australia The photos show a T. speofosus and a regular mosquito in actual size. T. speciosus regular mosquito ad How many times longer than the bady of a regular mosquito is that of a T. speciosus? Aa 14 (8) 35 «) 7.0 (0) 17 4. Anatomis the smallest unit making up matter Diferent atoms can be represented ke this ° e e oO e | hycregen carbon atrogen oxygen chlorine ‘Atoms can jin together to form meeuies. For example | | rtrogen molecule, N, carbon dioxide molecule, CO, Pile wana copuanr enw ane weoreom or meee Which of these diagrams represents @ pure substance? % e A) (8) (Cc) (0) 0° &, 9 fo) ae Seo % | oo FQ Por) Sate 3 2010108 Slee Paper FURS Gab Py Lined5. An adaptation is a genetic change in a species over a long period of time. It makes the organisms within the species better suited to survive in their environment, Adaptations can be structural or behavioural. A structural adaptation changes the physical features of an organism. A behavioural adaplation changes the way the organism lives and acts. Which of these is an example of a behavioural adaptation? (A) Succulent plants grow thick leaves. (8) Some desert flowers open at night time (C) Birds have bones that are hollow and lightweight. (0) Polar bears have a thick layer of fat under their skin 6. When sandy sediment washes from rivers down to the sea it sinks to the ocean floor. Over millions of years the sediments form sandstone, Sandstone is usually found in horizontal layers, called strata. Sometimes, the strata are bent and twisted What is the most likely reason that these sandstone strata are not horizontal? (A) The surface of Earth has moved over time. (8) The layers were disturbed by the activity of humans. (C) The rock layers were formed during wild and stormy weather. (0) The layers were disturbed by dinosaurs and whales. 2018 648 Scone Paper F0 UNSW la Py Unto 4Photosynthesis is the process by which plants and other organisms convert light energy from the Sun into chemical energy that is stored in carbohydrates. This process can be summarised as: light energy water] + [ carbon dioxide | —————> carbohydrate Respiration is the process by which living things obtain energy needed for life. This process can be ‘summarised as: [water] + [carbon cones ] + SenergyS Which statement best summarises the overall effect of these two processes working together? (A) _ Nothing is produced overall (8) Energy from the Sun makes life possible on Earth. (C) _ Oxygenis the source of energy for all ving things (©) Allchemicals are converted into carbon dioxide. For questions 8 and 9 use the information below. EI Nilo and La Nifia are weather patterns resulting from periodic temperature changes in a part of the Pacific Ocean. These weather patterns influence the world’s climate. ‘The graph shows the variation in global temperatures over a number of years. Changes from the baseline are called anomalies. KEY = EI Nifio year = LaNifia year other year 05 Temperature Anomaly (°C) é a 1960 1970 © 1980» 199020002010 Year How many El Nifio years occurred when the global temperature was above the baseline? A 13 6) 8 © 7 (0) 6 ‘Which statement is supported by the data in the graph? (A) The average global temperature is random from year to year. (8) There were more El Nifio years than La Nifia years between 1960 and 2012, (©) The global temperature will drop to the baseline in about 30 years from now. (0) The global temperature was more than 0.5 °C above the baseline from 1997 to 2012. 5 2018048 Sconce Pope F© UNH Gal Pry Lint10. A topographic map has contour lines drawn on it. The contour lines join the points that are at the same height above sea level. The number on each contour line indicates the height in metres above sea level. This is a contour map of a hill Daniela is climbing. She is 120 m above sea level and facing one of the steepest sides of the hill TE (A) M 6) L north-west. ©) K east. (0) N north. 14. The graph shows the composition of four common foods. gg yolk key Bi carbohyarate cheese BF protein DB water butler milk. 0% 10% 20% 30% 40% 50% 60% 70% 80% 90% 100% Approximately how much water is in 2 kg of cheese? (A) 03kg (8) 0.6kg (Cc) 12kg (0) 14kg 2ICRS Scere Paper Fe UNSW iba Py ned 612, ‘The volume of a cylinder can be calculated by multiplying the area of the base by the height of the cylinder. This cup is § om high. Which of these is closest to the volume of the cup? (A) 15 cm? (B) 250m? {C) 100 cm* {D) 250.cm? 13. ‘Two thousand years ago, most people believed that Earth was the centre of the universe and all celestial bodies revolved around Earth. This model is called the geocentric model Geocentric Mode! Which of these observations does NOT support the geocentric model? (A) The Moon rises and sets daily. (8) Jupiter has moons orbiting around it. (C) The stars appear to move across night skies, (D) The Sun rises in the East and sets in the West once every 24 hours. 7 20WICRS Sores Paper UNS Gay UniesFor questions 14 and 15 use the information below. Max's car was leaking one drop of oil every second. The oil left a pattern of drops on the floor of the carpark. Max measured the distance between the drops and drew this pattem on paper. t SCALE Start 0 2 4 metres 14. Approximately how many metres did the car travel in the first 4 seconds? (Ay 24 (8) 37 (Cc) 42 () 74 15. The average speed of an object is given by distance speed = “era What was the approximate average speed (in metres/second) of the car between the 3rd and the Bth oil drops? “a 16 (8) 24 ©) 32 @) 42 16. The hal-lfe of a radioactive element is the time it takes for half of the radioactive atoms in a sample of the element to change to atoms of other elements, ‘The graph shows the amount of radioactive atoms present in a sample of a radioactive element over a period of time. Radioactive decay Amount of radioactive atoms (g) Time (minutes) ‘What is the halflife of this radioactive element? (A) t minute (8) 2 minutes (C) 3 minutes (0) 4 minutes 2010188 Scene Pagar FO UNS Gl Py Lint 817. Vertebrates are animals that have a backbone. The table shows five different groups of vertebrates and their typical characteristic. fe Fish ‘Amphibians | Reptiles Birds Mammals Form of ley eggswith | lay eggswith | layeggs with | layeggs with | give birt to live reproduction | no outer sholls | no outer shells | outershells” | outer shells |” young“ ‘ing | interlocking ; interlocking dry skin Body covering) tetocki moist skin eet feathers yak through skin or Method of , : d gillsin head | — gills; lungs lungs lungs lungs Breathing as adult wee Ptoodea | c2MHblooded | col-biooded | cold-blooded | warmblooded | warm-blooded * Some snakes give birth to live young ** Echidnas and platypuses lay eggs Which statement can be inferred from the information in the table? (A) Echidnas and platypuses are mammals. (8) Some snakes are reptiles and some are mammals. (C) Animals that lay eggs with outer shells are warm-blooded. (©) Amphibians breathe through their skin when they are on land. 18. The pie chart shows the relative numbers of species within the different groups of animals. The shaded area represents all the Arthropods. Homoptera and Hemiptera Coleoptera Hymenoptera Diptera Lepidoptera NOT TO SCALE Minh measured the angle of the ‘Diptera’ sector of the graph to be 35 degrees, and the angle of the ‘all other animals’ sector to be 55 degrees. Based on this graph, approximately what percentage of Arthropods are Diptera? 35 ‘55 35 "360 56. 360 (A) x100% (8) SS x100% ©) * 100% (0) 8 x 100% 305 9 20181048 Sener Paper FO UNSW ly LinkedFor questions 19 and 20 use the information below. Ethanol and water are both colourless liquids. They mix well with each other. Mary measured out 25 mL of ethanol and 25 mL of water using measuring cylinders. She then poured all the ethanol into the water cylinder ing. The diagram shows the volume of each liquid mL 50; 40: 20: 20: 10. ethanol water ethanol-water mixture 19. Which statement is supported by the observation when mixing the two liquids? (A) Mixing ethanol and water introduces gas into the mixture, (8) The scales of the two cylinders must be slightly different. (C) The total volume of the mixture is double the volume of each individual component. (0) The ethanol-water mixture takes up less space than the sum of the individual liquids. 20. The density of a substance can be calculated using the formula mass density = olume Mary's teacher told her that the mass of the 25 mL. of water is 25.00 g, and the mass of the 25 ml of ethanol is 19.75 0 What is the correct value for the density of the mixture in g/mL? 079 ©) 089 (c) 0.93 (0) 179 2018 EAS Scensa Paper UNSW Glad Py Lad 1024 Jack was travelling with his father in the car on a moonlit night. Jack saw the Moon and a street light, as shown in the photo. A litle further down the road, Jack noticed that the street light was no longer visible but the Moon appeared to have moved along with the car. Teac Which of these best explains this phenomenon? (A) The streetlight is much smaller than the Moon. (B) The distance to the Moon is much greater than the distance the car has travelled. (C) The speed of the car is the same as the speed of the Moon in its orbit around Earth (0) The car was travelling at the same speed as Earth's rotation on its axis but in the opposite direction. 2. Scientists use chemical equations to summarise chemical changes. The equation shows the number and type of atoms in each reactant, as well as the number and type of atoms in each product. The diagram represents a chemical change involving two types of atoms, hydrogen (H) and oxygen (0). iaactac roduc — LO Om @D GD CO—- TD ELD ‘The diagram below represents a chemical change involving nitrogen (N) and hydrogen (H) atoms. w® Which equation represents this chemical change? (A) 2N+3H > 2NH, (8) 2N+6H—2N6H (©) N,+H,32NH, (0) N,+3H, > 2NH, 1" Z91BICAS Soenen Pagar F© UNSW Clty ns23, The cells of the body get their energy from glucose from digested food. The level of glucose in the blood ‘must be kept at the correct level for the body to function normally. ‘The diagram summarises part of how the blood glucose level is regulated, normal blood blood glucose —* rn ae blood glucose level declines liver panereas glucose is — pancreas releases pen noo’ =| insulin into f the blood more glucose is taken up body cell People with type 1 diabetes are unable to produce enough insulin. Based on the diagram, which of these is most likely to be the resull of untreated type 1 diabetes? (A) fever (8) enlarged liver (C) lack of eneray (0) low blood glucose level 24, Bromelain and trypsin are enzymes that digest proteins. It has been suggested that bromelain enhances the effect of antibiotics. In one study, 90 people with urinary tract infections were divided into two groups. The resulls were as follows: Group 1: antibiotic only —> 46% cured of infection Group 2: antibiotic + bromelain + trypsin —> 100% cured of infection ‘What was the dependent variable in this study? (A) the number of participants in each treatment (©) _ the amount of enzymes used in each treatment (C) the type of enzyme used in each treatment (0) the number of participants cured with each treatment 2010168 Scene Papa F UNSW Gol Py Lid 225. Solid iron can be separated from a non-magnetic solid using a magnet. A mixture of a liquid and an insoluble solid can be separated using filtration. A mixture of a liquid and a soluble solid can be separated using evaporation. Manet Fitvation Evaporation Cae So This is a mixture of a salt solution with sand and iron filings. ‘Which option lists the correct order of steps needed to separate all of the solids in the mixture? (A) ___ filtration and then magnetic separation (B) evaporation and then magnetic separation (Cc) magnetic separation, evaporation and then filtration (0) Avalon eeporaton ond thon mognet operation 26. The glycaemic index (Gl) of a food is a measure of the effect of the food on the blood sugar level when you eal the food, ‘Afood that has a high Gl causes a rapid increase in blood sugar level followed by a rapid decrease. A food that has a low Gl results in 2 slow increase in blood sugar level followed by a slow decrease. Which graph correctly represents a high Gl food and a low Gl food? a 8) ©) (0) Blood sugar Blood sugar Blood sugar Blood sugar KEY | high GI food “low Gl food | 18 IBICASSclrce Paper FO UNSW Goda PY LtodFor questions 27 and 28 use the information below. ‘A group of students carried out an investigation using this procedure. 7. Hoa’ beaker conisining 180 nl of water anda 50g copper bock wnilthewaierbols | Measure the temperature of the water. Put 150 mL of tap water in another beaker. Measure its temperature. Use tongs to take the copper block out and place it quickly into the other beaker. Stir the water with a glass rod and measure the maximum temperature the water reaches. ose ns Repeat steps 1 to 4 using a 50 g iron block. 27. Which of these is the most likely question to be answered by this investigation? (A) Do copper and iron heat up equally fast in hot water? (8) Do copper and iron store the same amount of thermal energy? (C) Does either hot copper or hot iron break when placed in cold tap water? (D) Does the boiling point of water change when it has copper or iran in it? 28. What should the students do to improve the accuracy of the measurements? (A) Use a more precise thermometer. (B) Heat up the water to boil as fast as possible. (C) Read the temperature three times and take the average. (0) Use a better insulated container instead of a beaker to hold the tap water. 29. Microplastios are pieces of plastic less than 5 millimetres long. They are found in increasing numbers in waterways and their impact is not yet fully known, A group of marine biologists were investigating the effects of microplastics on perch fish eggs. They set up a number of fish tanks and recorded what percentage of the eggs hatched in each tank. | microplastic |— e99 of perch fish tank 4 tank 2 ‘The marine biologists set up a third tank as part of their investigation. What did the marine biologists have to place in the third tank? (A) microplasties only (8) eggs of perch fish only (C) eggs of another species of fish only () eggs of another species of fish and microplastics 20101CAS Sone Paper F UNSW lt Linde 1430. Plants use carbon dioxide (CO,) to produce food for growth. Scientists have shown how changing the ‘CO, concentration in the air of a greenhouse affects the growth rate of plants in the greenhouse Fao stl oe , - ae £16 t fal —E | Eat t B af---L 56 aie ~ normal growth rate = } § ‘OT | | 6 200 400 600 800 1000 1200 1400 1600 CO, concentration (ppm) Timothy is studying the growth of some plants in his greenhouse. The CO, concentration in his greenhouse is measured at 400 parts per milion (ppm). Based on the data in the graph, compared with the normal growth rate, the growth rate of Timothy's plants is (A) 40% more. (8) 0% more. (C) 80% more. (0) 120% more. a1 Louise is playing with a toy that involves interlocking gears. ‘The main gear has 12 teeth and is attached to a motor. It makes one full tum in 4 seconds. ‘She wants to attach a gear that will complete one full turn in 6 seconds, How many teeth must this gear have? (A) 18 ®) 14 (c) 10 oO 8 15 20181688 Seance Paper UNSHE Oba Py Untomation below. For questions 32 and 33 use the Solar panels convert the energy in sunlight into electricity. The photograph shows a roof with 12 solar panels. 32, Each panel can generate 1.25 kWh of electricity a day. About 5 kWh is enough for one person's daily electricity needs. ‘What is the greatest number of people for whom these solar panels provide enough electricity? a) 3 ® 4 (c) 5 oO 6 33, The efficiency of a solar panel is the proportion of energy in the sunlight hat the panel converts into electrical energy. It can be represented by the formula KEY e 11 ficiency N= Bq 100% P power output (W) se incident radiation flux (W/m?) A area of collector (in m?) ‘The efficiency of these panels is 10%. Each panel has an area of 1 square metre. Which expression represents the maximum power output of these panels in watts (W)? (OnE 8) (©) 128 © $e ml 16 0181088 Seanen Paper’ UNSW lta Py LisFor questions 34 and 35 use the information below. Alever is a simple machine that uses an effort force (E) to move or hold a load (L) by turning the lever about, 2 pivot point, the fulcrum (F). ‘There are three classes of levers: First Class Lever Second Class Lever Third Class Lever YW Cy Ey 34. Which of these is a second class lever? (co) (0) (A) (8) pliers tongs staple remover garlic press 35. Levers can be used to increase or decrease the effect of a force. The factor by which a lever multiplies a force is called the mechanical advantage of the lever. The mechanical advantage of a lever is given by: distance between effort and fulcrum mechanical advantage = ~—itanee between load and fulerum Which of these levers has the smallest mechanical advantage? (a) (8) ) 7 2018104 Scarce Pape F OUNSW Gol Py LineFor questions 36 and 37 use the information below. When an earthquake occurs, several types of shock waves are formed. Two of these shock waves are called P-waves and S-waves. These waves travel at different speeds. The graph is used to determine the distance from a recording station to the epicentre (the point on Earth's, surface directly above where an earthquake occurs) of an earthquake. P-wave and S-wave travel time Travel time (minutes) o 41 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 Epicentre distance (x 1000 km) 36. An earthquake recording station detected the arrival of a P-wave at 6:35 am. The earthquake occurred 4000 km from the recording station. At what time did the earthquake occur? (A) 6:47am (8) 6:42am (©) 6:28am (0) 6:22am 37. Adifferent earthquake's first P-wave arrived at a recording station at 3:10 am. The first S-wave arrived at 3:16 am. What is the approximate distance from the recording station to the epicentre of the earthquake? (A) 1600 km (8) 3400 km (C) 4500 km (0) 6400 km DIB Scene Paper FO UNSW Gla Ln 1838, 39. For questions 38 and 39 use the information below. Hooke’s Law states that the amount that an elastic object like a spring stretches is directly proportional to the force applied to it Jon set up the equipment, as shown, to investigate this law. mass —| ruler Jon recorded his results in the table, Mass used (g) | Force (N) _| Total spring length (cm) 10 on 25 20 02 30 40 04 x 50 os 45 According to Hooke's law, what should be the value of X? a 36 8) 375 (c) 40 How could Jon increase the reliabilily of his results? (a) (8) () (0) Using more masses to get a larger spread of results. (0) 60 Using three different springs for each mass and calculating the average. Measuring the mass three times for each spring length and calculating the average. Measuring the spring length three times for each mass used and calculating the average. 19 2018 CAS Seenen Pape LISW Gil Py Led40. Accuracy refers to the closeness of a measurement to an accepted value. Precision refers to the closeness of two or more repeated measurements under the same conditions. Four different ammeters were used to measure the electric current through the same resistor es the voltage was increased, The resulls are graphed below. 25 2 KEY _ ammeter 1 215 < x ammeter 2 £ A ammeter 3 o 4 @ ammeter 4 --- accepted value 05 0 2 4 8 10 Voltage (V) ‘Which ammeter gave the most accurate results? (A) ammeter 1 (8) ammeter2 (©) ammeter3 (0) ammeter 4 01B1OKS Seinen Par © UNGYE Gal Py Los 20a. The diagram below represents the circuit that controls traffic lights. The arrow represents switches that turn the lights on and off in sequence. The two switches are always Tara was approaching the traffic lights when she saw the sgonally opposite, East-West direction _ North-South direction Red light Orange light Green light a) a ‘What was the switch point for the traffic light facing Tara and what was the colour of the traffic light in the north-south direction? Switch point Light in north-south direction @) 1 orange 8) 2 red © 3 red ©) 3 green 24 201812AS Sona Paper F© UNSW Gaal ly Ltt42. ‘The diagram shows a cross-section of layers of sedimentary and igneous rocks. There was some crustal movement in the past, resulting in a fault across some of the layers. The diorite formed as an intrusion of magma coming up from below. The ages of the igneous rocks are labelled. Land surface KEY YIU Oe 2 million years Olay: Sedimentary rocks EBS stale [ED siltstone [EGG conglomerate WRAL mudstone BOR == limestone PMMA E DE Igneous rocks ( diorite I best [FEZ stvoiite Which of these gives the best estimate of the age of the conglomerate and the age of the fault? ‘Age of conglomerate (million years) ‘Age of the fault (million years) (a) 20-30 30-80 ®) 30-80 20-30 (cy 20-80 > 80 (0) 30-80 > 80 43, The mass of an object is the amount of matter in the object. Itis measured in grams (g) or kilograms (kg). ‘The mass of an object stays the same wherever itis. The weight of an abject on Earth is the force of attraction between the object and Earth, caused by gravity, It is measured in newtons (N), The weight of an object changes with any change of gravit Nick has a body mass of 60 kg. His weight on Earth is about 600 N. The gravity on the surface of the Moon is one sixth of that on Earth, so Nick's weight on the Moon would be 100 N. The gravity on the surface of Mars is about 38% of that on Earth, What would be Nick's mass and weight on the surface of Mars? Nick's mass (kg) | _Nick’s weight (N) ® 60, 38 6) 38 22.8 (o) 60, 228 (0) 22.8 228 2010S Scncn Paper FOUNSH Gott Py Linas 2248. For questions 44 and 45 use the information below. When a liquid is loft open to the air at room temperature, some molecules will escape from the surface of the liquid into the air, through evaporation. Whilst the collision of air molecules with the liquid surface creates atmospheric pressure, the escaping molecules colliding with air create an upward vapour pressure. vapour molecules air molecules ‘When a liquid is heated, its vapour pressure increases. When the vapour pressure is equal to the atmospheric pressure, the liquid boil ‘At sea level water boils at 100 °C. At higher altitudes, water boils at lower temperatures. ‘What is the most ikely reason for the lowered boiling point at higher altitudes? (A) The atmospheric pressure is lower at higher altitudes. (8) Waters cooler at higher altitudes (C) The vapour pressure of water is higher at higher altitudes, {D) Heating is more efficient at higher altitudes. ‘The boiling point of water drops by about 1 °C with each increase in altitude of 1000 metres Jo started climbing Mount Everest from a town at 2800 metres above sea level. Some days later, she reached a base camp. She found that water boils at 94.7 *C at this camp. How many metres higher than the town is the base camp? (a) 1900 (8) 2500 (c) 4700 (0) 5300 23 2018 IcAS SeeneePaperF UNSW ital ry Line© 2018 COPYRIGHT Copyright in this publication is owned by UNSW Global Ply Limited, unless otherwise indicated or licensed from a thircl party, This publication and associated testing materials and products may not be reproduced, published or sold, in whole ‘or part, in any medium, without the permission of UNSW Global Pty Limited or relevant copyright owner. SOURCES Question 3 __Toxorhynchites speciosus image by Acrocynus https:/icommons.wikimedia.org/wikilFileToxorhynchites_ speciosus_01_L.D..pg licensed under the Creative Commons Attribution-Share Alike 3.0 Unported license hitps:/creativecommons.org/icenses/by-sa/3.Oldeed.en, Mosquito image by Joaquim Alves Gaspar licensed under the Creative Commons Altribution-Share Alike 3.0 Unported license https:/icreativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/3.0/deed.en. Question Sandstone image by ArtMiechanic https:iicommons.wikimedia.ora/wikifFile:Stadtroda_Sandstein. Jpg licensed under the Creative Commons A\tribution-Share Ake 3.0 Unported license hitps:// Creativecommons.org/licensesiby-sa/3.Oideed.en. ‘Questions 8 &9 Temperature Anomaly graphic © Climate Control. THE Fi C PAPER SHOULD $ Indian Subcontinent’ B UNSWGlobal