COLLEGE OF PHYSIOTHERAPY, PANDIT BHAGWAT DAYAL SHARMA UNIVERSITY OF HEALTH SCIENCE, ROHTAK Proforma of application for the approval of subject of thesis for MPT (Sports) examination 1. Name of the candidate 2, Father’s Name 3. Address of Candidate 4, Name of the University from which Graduated 5. Year and Month of passing BPT examination 6. Date of joining MPT course 7. Proposed subject of thesis 8. Facilities for work on the subject 9. Detailed scheme according to which 10. Name and Address of the Supervisor Abhishek Singh Sh. Bharat Singh College of Physiotherapy Pt. B. D. Sharma PGIMS, Rohtak Pt. B. D. Sharma PGIMS, Rohtak May, 2021 1 April, 2022 Sports person’s viewpoint about protein supplements: A study investigating knowledge, benefits risks, & dietary behavior of protein supplements. All facilities exist at Pt. B. D. Sharma PGIMS, Rohtak Plan attached Dr. Vikram Singh Yadav Assistant Professor College of Physiotherapy Pt. B. D. Sharma PGIMS, Rohtak Signatui PaCERTIFICATE OF SUPERVISOR This is to certify that facilities for the study on the subject of “Sports person's viewpoint about protein supplements: A study investigating knowledge, benefits, risks & dietary behavior of protein supplements” thesis exist in this institute and will be provided to the candidate (Abhishek Singh) in pursuance of his plan of thesis. I will guide the candidate in his study and will see that the data being included in the thesis is genuine and the work is being done by the candidate himself. 1 pe gi Dr. Vikram Singh Yadav Assistant Professor College of Physiotherapy Pt. B. D. Sharma PGIMS, Rohtak (Supervisor)ETHICAL JUSTIFICATION ‘The proposed study entitled is “Sports person’s viewpoint about protein supplements: A. study investigating knowledge, benefits, risks & dietary behavior of prote supplements”. Informed written consent will be taken from all the subjects. No drugs will be administered during the study. All the procedures to be used in the study do not cary any harmfal effect on the subjects. Thus, the present study is well within the ethical norms & is ethically justified. Signatuyé of candidate ot a Dr. Vikram Singh Yadav Assistant Professor College of Physiotherapy Pt. B. D. Sharma PGIMS, Rohtak (Supervisor) Brose 20 9- Dr. Roop Singh Principal & Chairman, PG Broad of Studies College of Physiotherapy Pt. B. D, Sharma PGIMS, RohtakDECLARATION BY THE POST GRADUATE STUDEN Thereby declare that: 1. The study will be done as per Institutional protocol and guidelines. Study shall be initiated only after clearance from institutional ethics committee. . Written informed consent of the subjects/control (volunteers) will be obtained. w 4. The probable risks involved in the study will be explained in full to the subjects in their own language. I will terminate the study at any stage, if I have probable cause to believe, in the 5. exercise of the good faith, skill and careful judgment required format that continuation of the study/experiments likely to result in injury/disability/death to the subject. 6. Disclosure: i Financial/funding (None) ii Conflict of interest (None) iii Association (None) If any of these is yes, please disclose in full. Date: Ne Abhishek Singh PG Student, MPT (Sports Physiotherapy) College of Physiotherapy Pt. B. D. Sharma PGIMS, RohtakINTRODUCTION Nutrition is traditionally perceived as a crucial component of physical fitness and performance, In the last few decades, the increasing understanding of human nutrition and its effects on the metabolism have led to a wiser management of the intake and the subsequent sport performance. Global supplement use in sports persons is estimated to range from 40% to 88%.' Protein supplements are among the most commonly used dietary supplements and have been widespread in the general population from recreational to well- trained sports person to enhance health and athletic performance.’ Young sports persons need slightly more protein than their peers who aren't sports persons. Protein needs are based on age, gender, body weight and stage of development, with teens needing between 10 to 30% of their daily calories from protein.’ Protein supplements come in a variety of forms like whey protein, protein powders, protein beverages & protein bars. Protein powders are very popular among sports persons. There are numerous types of protein powder made from a wide variety of sources i.e. egg protein, casein protein, pea protein, hemp protein, brown rice protein, mixed plant proteins. The powders may include other ingredients such as added sugars, artificial flavouring, thickeners, vitamins, and minerals. The amount of protein per scoop can vary from 10 to 30 grams. The RDA for protein is 46 grams for women and 56 grams for men per day.? An adequate protein intake for strength training sports persons should range between 1.2 and 1.7 g/kg/day, a limit beyond which any protein supplementation failed to augment resistance exercise-induced muscle hypertrophy or muscle growth. Protein supplements are consumed for a variety of reasons. Many exercise active individuals utilize supplements to build muscle, gain strength, prevent future disease or illness and improve performance in sport.' Dietary protein can also decrease delayed onset muscle soreness when ingested prior to muscle damaging exercise in active men and women.* Competitive or elite sports persons perform intense and prolonged physical activity frequently and often report that the primary reason for using dietary supplements is to enhance performance or recovery from exercise.’ There are some disadvantages (risks) of protein supplementation, if not taken in proper amount (increased intake) like a daily increment of 0.1 g protein kg~1 increase chances of microalbuminuria, increase chances of renal stones, renal cell cancer, type 2 diabetes, coronary artery disease, acne vulgaris, \n yw2 high-p: racticed for weight reduction, such diets are not Although high-protein diets are widely practiced for weigh duction, ji tion have led to be long term, The purported health benefits of protein supplemental sust: overuse by both adults and adolescents." : that a protein supplements is safe simply because it Is marketed Misconception, There are health risks over the counter became a severe health concem worldwide, associated with the consumption of dietary supplements. Health benefits of these a fare unclear and there is no reliable data to support their widespread use. However, gents supplements are nowadays commonly considered as food and therefore extensively recommended by coaches and consumed by sports person’s despite a limited knowledge about their efficacy, safety, and regulatory policies, unlike their drug counterparts.” Also, studies have shown that people have different opinions about the use of supplements. This finding might be explained by different cultures, type of exercise training and type of dietary supplements.! Using supplements, users were reported to experience one or several side effects.” It has been demonstrated that a significant number of consumers learn about supplements from unqualified sources rather than health professionals.’ It is largely known that supplement use is a widespread and accepted practice by sports persons and people who attend commercial gyms, with a large range of brands and products in the market. Although studies highlighted malpractice and inappropriate intake of food supplements in sports persons worldwide. No studies regarding sports person’s knowledge about benefits and risks associated with the use of protein supplements are available in Indian population, so the current study is planned. The aim of this study is to investigate the viewpoint of sports person’s regarding protein supplementation knowledge, risks, benefits and dietary behaviors. Analysing these measures will present novel evidence for more comprehensive nutrition services in regard to the athlete's health concerns about the protein supplementation usage.REVIEW OF LITERATURE Bianco, e (2011) Conducted a study to investigate the effect of protein supplementation in strength and conditioning adepts: knowledge, dietary behavior and practice. The Purpose of thei study was to examine the use of protein supplements, alone or in association with other intakes and also to identify the dietary behavior amongst people who want to “build up muscle” in regular fitness users in pelermo. A total of 207 subjects participated in the investigation. In order to evaluate supplements use, dietary behavior and other related information, a 19-items Questionnaire was developed based on previously published studies. They conclude that a Considerable number of regular strength training adepts consume protein supplements mixed with other products. Limited numbers consult “dietary specialists” and relay mainly on their instructors. They emphasize on the importance of the dissemination of scientifically based information about supplementation in this environment and the promotion of updated educational programs for the instructors, ! Dev, et al.(2021) Conducted an electronic survey on general awareness of consumption of Protein powders amongst the youth in India. The objective of the study was to explore the composition of protein supplements available in the Sports Supplement stores. The composition of these products was studied in terms of protein content, source and cost. This was a descriptive, cross-sectional study. Cross-sectional surveys are an observational research method that analyses data of variables collected at one given point of time across a sample population or a predefined subset. The survey data from this method helps the researcher understand what the respondent is feeling at a certain point in time. Prior to collecting any data, a pilot study was conducted with 212 students who gave their approval to verify and validate the questionnaire. They conclude that this observation from the survey, that the majority of the population agrees that protein powders are expensive and thus need to be pocket friendly for the consumers so that it will be consumed and easily available for the people. As majority of the protein powder sellers say that there are no side effects of their products 62.3% of the population of the candidates agree to this part as they consume them and they hayen’t seen any side effects when or after consuming it?4 Deota, et al.(2016) Conducted a study to investigate the composition of protein supplements. The purpose of this study was to explore the composition of protein supplements available in the sports supplement stores. The composition of these products was studied in terms of protein content, source and cost. Produets that did not provide nutritional facts panel were excluded from the study. 59 products were surveyed for their protein content, the source of protein utilized and the cost of these products, They concluded that majority (83.05%) of the surveyed in was whey protein supplements were in the form of powder. The most common source of protei 0% protein concentrate and the protein content of majority of the product range from 70-8 Knight, et al(2003) Conducted a study to investigate the impact of protein intake on renal function decline in women with normal renal function or mild renal insufficiency. The purpose of the study was to examine the association between total protein intake and renal function decline over an 1-year period in women with normal renal function or mild renal insufficiency. 1624 women participated in the study. Questionnaires have been sent to participated biennially. Information on lifestyle factors and new medical diagnoses is collected every 2 years, and a detailed questionnaire is mailed every 4 years, Protein intake was measured in 1990 and 1994 by using a semi quantitative food frequency questionnaire. Creatinine concentration was used to estimate glomerular filtration rate and creatinine clearance. They concluded that high protein intake was not associated with renal function decline in women with normal renal function. However, high protein intake, particularly high intake of non-dairy animal protein, may accelerate renal function decline in women with mild renal insufficiency.® Bjorkman, et al(2019) Conducted a study to investigate the effect of protein supplementation on physical performance in older people with sarcopenia, Inclusion criteria were participants had no terminal illness, no pacemaker, no bilateral replacement arthroplasty of knee and no severe skin lesion in BIS electrode placement sites. After baseline assessment, a total of 218 person's with sarcopenia were randomly allocated into 3 arms: (1) control with no supplementation, (2) isocaloric placebo, and (3) 20g 2 protein supplementation. The Primary outcome measures included 6- and 12-month changes in physical performance according to the short physical performance battery and continuous summary physical Performance scores and changes in muscle functions (hand grip strength). In this study, they conclude that the whey-enriched protein supplementation in combination with low5 intensity home-based physical exercise did not attenuate the deterioration of muscle and physical performance in community-dwelling older people with sarcopenia, but caused a temporary weight gain and led to mild gastrointestinal complaints in more than one-half of the pan Lin, et al.(2000) Conducted a study to investigate the effect of long- term dietary protein intake on glicose metabolism in humans. The purpose of their study was to examine the influence of long term dietary protein intake, based on the dietary habits, on the insulin secretion process and liver glucose metabolism, Volunteers were asked to record their food items for 7 days by a standardized procedure. Subjects with 0.8 g protein per kg or less a day and those with more than 0.8 + kg" - day’! were identified and asked to participate in the study. Subjects were asked to adhere to their usual diet for 6 months and they give their written consent to the study protocol. Dietary assessments were carried out under the review of one of the authors using a 7-day food record system at entry and after 6 months. After an overnight last base- line blood samples were drawn at 10 and 5 min before the injection of glucose (0 min). They done an intravenous glucose tolerance test after an overnight fast base- line blood sample were drawn at 10 to 5 min before the injection of insulin, They concluded that high protein diet is accompanied by increased stimulation of glucagon and insulin within the endocrine pancreas, high glycogen turnover and stimulation of gluconeogenesis.* ‘Whitehouse, et al.(2017) Conducted a study to investigate the understanding and occurrence of protein supplements in adolescent sports persons. The sports were chosen to maximize the ‘opportunity for equal representation in gender, age and competition level. For the purpose of ‘equal representation, soccer was studied as a female-dominant sport and Australian rules as a male-dominant sport, whereas athletics and swimming sports persons of both gender were analyzed. The questionnaire used for this study was employed in a US master’s research thesis that examined a wider range of supplement use among young adults, The questionnaire comprised of 15 multiple choice questions and one short response question. They conclude that the evident lack of knowledge regarding protein supplements demonstrates necessity for further education of sports persons, coaches and families regarding the responsible purchasing and use of protein supplements in the current landscape of sports nutrition.”6 cet al(2018) Conducted a study to investigate the evaluation of knowledge, attitude and Shari Inclusion criteria were based jetary supplements among people exercising in the By. use of oon selecting people of various age groups exercising in the gym tions, divided in to four main for various personal reasons. They administered questionnaire consisted of twenty-eight ques pars, A total of 105 sports persons were approached and agreed (0 participated in the study Respondents were male (61.9%) and female (3812). More males and erales used the dietary served improvement in their health. supplements, believe that they are safe to use and ob health than Majority of sports persons believes thatthe anabolie steroids are more dangerous to fe that the finding of this study are consistent dietary supplements ‘common dietary supplements. They conclud i with those of other studies carried out elsewhere. Knowledge of participants of and their attitudes towards such products and the hazards of steroids and PEDs se couraged. The rritational use of dietary supplements should be disc need for advice and ‘onal is essential. ims to increase public awareness and promote responsible use of dietary Id also be educated of em to be reasonable. However, the it guidance through consultation with healtheare profess ‘Awareness. prograr supplements should include direct means of interventions. Trainers shoul such aspects, gymnasium, and sport centers." Joseph, et al(2016) Conducted a study to investigate the prevalence, adverse ovens and factor associated with dietary supplement and nutritional supplement use by US navy and marine cops personnel. The sim of this cross-sectional study was to investigate dietary and nutritional supplement use in navy and marine cops personnel, including the prevalence, YP factors associated with use, and AEs. Total, 1708 serviee member completed the questionnaire. Overall 73% reported using dietary supplements one or more times per week: ‘The most common used dietary supplements were mitvitaminsimukiminerals (48%), proteinfamino acid (347), combination products (33%), and individual vitamins and minerals (29%). They conclude that the prevalence of dietary supplement use in navy and marine cops personnel was considerably higher than reported in civilian investigations for almost all types of dietary supplements although similar to most other military service, Factors associat were similar to those reported in previous military and civilian investigations. Prevalence of ied with dietary supplement use self-reported AEs was very high, especially for combination products? asRESEARCH QUESTION What are the sports person's viewpoints about protein supplementation, knowledge, benefits, risks, and dietary behaviors?AIM AND OBJECTIVS OF THE STUDY Aim of the study To investigate viewpoint of sports persons on protein supplements knowledge, benetits, risks, and dietary behaviors. Objectives of the study 1. To assess viewpoint of sports persons on protein supplements knowledge. 2. To assess viewpoint of sports persons on protein supplements benefits and risks. 3. To assess sports person’s dietary behavior on protein supplements.FLOW DIAGRAM OF STUDY Sports person's viewpoint about protein supplements: A siudy investigating knowledge, Inenefits, risks, & dietary behavior of protein supplements ¥ ‘+ All participants must be exclusively resistance taining specialized trainces. Inclusion ‘+Sports person who participate in regular exercise. (minimum 3-4 times @ week) Criteria [>] _ «Sports person who are part of the team for more than one year +Sports person who participated in a sport at district level. ¥ ‘+ Sports person who are not willing to participate in study. Exclusion +Sports person who are aged below 20. Criteria ee aie + Participants who uses steroid. y ‘Sample size ——— N=380 ‘+ Informed consent will be taken from each participant. ‘Using face-to-face interview method, a self-siructured questionnaire will be filled from sports persoas who meet inclusion and exclusion criteria. ++ The questionnaire contains 51 questions which are divided into 5 sections. Procedure [>| ¥ A survey will be done to collect data Data will be compiled and appropriate stati a ical test will be used to compile the results.10 MATERIALS AND METHODS Study Design ross sectional survey stuly design Stucly Period October 2022 ~ September 2023 Study Subjects Coaches and Sports persons from Haryana Sampling Criteria Inclusion criteria |. Allpartcipans must be exchsvey resistence trining specialized trainees 2. Sports person who pasate in regular exer, minimum 3-4 ines a week) 3._ Sports person who are pat of the team for more than one year 4. Sports person who participated ina sport at district level Exclusion Criteria 1. Sports person who are not willing to paticipate in study. 2 Sport person who are aged blow 20. 3, Partisipants who uses steroids Sample Size The sample sie is calculated by wing below formu is 362. Additonal 5% more Subjects will be recruited to allw adjustments of fictor like missing dats, witdraval atc, Henee, 380 patsipans willbe recruited in the study.” Sample size=Z:arti9) 3 ¢ as = Standard normal variant (at 5%, itis 1.96)peevvwerrrr ee eee u d= Absolute error (5%, it is 0.05) P = Prevalence of variable (.62) The sample size estimation based on previous studies of Pittman and Smith 2021. Sampling Method Convenient sampling method Source of Data Collection Subject will be selected from various sports academies, stadiums, gymnasiums located in Haryana, Procedure ‘The ethical clearance will be taken from institutional Ethical Committee of Pt. B. D. Sharma UHS, Rohtak. The design of study will be cross sectional survey study design. A questionnaire will be developed to collect data from sports persons. A quantitative approach will be employed in order to achieve the objectives of study. Written consent will be obtained from each participant in the study, and the participants will be informed that their participation will be voluntary and that they can withdraw at any time. Using face-to- face interview method, a pre structured questionnaire will be filled from sports persons ‘who meet inclusion and exclusion criteria Questionnaire Self-structured questionnaire assessing knowledge, benefits, risk and dietary behavior of protein supplements use by sports persons. Questionnaire contains 51 questions and 5 sections along with demographic data. Section 1 contains general information, section 2 contains knowledge of sports person regarding protein supplements, section 3 & 4 includes questions regarding benefits & risks of protein supplements respectively and section 5 is regarding dietary behavior. ye2 STATISTICAL ANALYSIS Deseriptive data analysis will be cone cted, which include calculating the frequency and perventage of participa S demographic data, ‘To find the association between the variables. Chi-squire test will be ised.eS B NFORMED CONSENT FORM Protocol Study number: Subject identificati n number for thesis: Title of project: Sports person's viewpoint about protein supplements: A study investigating knowledge, benefits, risks & dietary behavior of protein supplements. Name of the investigator: - Abhishek Singh Mobile no.: - 8851994764 ‘Supervisor: - Dr. Vikram Singh Yadav ‘The contents of the information sheet dated.. that was provided have been read carefully by me! explained in detail to me, in a language that I comprehend, and I have fully understood the contents. I confirm that, I have the opportunity to ask questions. The nature and purpose of the study and its potential risk / benefits and expected duration of the study, and other relevant details of the study have been explained to me in detail. I ‘understand that my participation is voluntary and that I am free to withdraw at any time, ‘without giving any reason, without my medical care or legal right being affected. understand that the information collected about me from my participation in this research and sections of any of my medical notes may be looked at by investigator and principal investigator (Dr. Vikram Singh Yadav) from College of Physiotherapy, PGIMS (Rohtak) where it is relevant to my taking part in research. I give permission for these individuals to have access to my records, to present in meetings & conferences, publications if desired. Tagree to take part in the above study. Date: (Signature/ Left thumb impression) Place: Name of the participant: Son Daughter! Wife: Complete postal address: “This is to certify that the above consent has been obtained in my presence,Signature of investigator Witness ~ 1 Signature 4 Date: Place: Witness- 2 Signaturefaa areata wr Welwtavstures wen: ire > fing fara agers wen: sunt of xis: wide why aquige sare sida aefties: at wet RaheAen aieey, aPiitrew, Pew ts creck Reh site waa wette sree ora: aR RE ‘Fraga : 8851994764 Sur ore: St far Rig area war a fie. are Th vers wt ag eh, A gr eT Bast 78 / FS fae a aaa re, fra wT aa cag g, oe A anal wr ye aE Bare fea 81 A ye ween Ff ga wx YOR oT orga Pre 81 sears a wea, Bee ote gas sale Va / ore otk ora aw sea, She sree ora Ra, & aR A ye fear 8 aaren wa V1 A are | fH AG uefland wale 8 oie A far aig ore aay, AG fafGen Sere oT HE siftore BH) wena flow Feat Fe ah eT aT ee Fy Raa El rorere & fe ge he A oer AAR aR a ara BAS TTL SH AR Rae ARea te > squnl a vide site PRaea, detoneaea Mean F arta Sik vari srtuer (Sf spa Rig ated) Gra Ser wT wercH g, ore Te AR Rhy A aT SS fay snags OF er cafe 1 amet Reals ce ages SR aoe, water, Wer a oF Reis war a argafa ear gh Footed sere A ura & fare wera FI (RRMA ae STS I FIA) am: wferuntter aA: acyadlyra:Sie BRITT: ‘ae Gnfore Fara oe fas eRe TEAR AG Saha A area gH TS SI Sra 8 BEATER meta fete: er: mraft-27 PARTICIPANT INFORMATION SHEET You are invited to participate in the study which is being done as a part of partial fulfillment of master program. Tit tle: Sports person’s viewpoints about protein supplements: A study investigating risks, knowledge, benefits & dietary beltavior of protein supplements About the Research Study and Intervention: the aim of this study is to investigate viewpoint of sports person regarding protein supplementation knowledge, benefits, risk and dictary behavior analysing these measures will present novel evidence for more comprehensive nutrition serviees in regard to the sports person’s health concerns about the protein supplementation usage. Duration of the study: October 2022 to September 2023 Benefit of the study: Though we expect some additional benefits in study outcome, but these cannot be assured. Moreover, your participation may not benefit you in monetary terms. Also, your participation may benefit current and future sports person's from the conclusions which will be drawn from the results of the study. Risk of the study: There will be no risk in any step of the study. Confidentiality: All the information about you will be kept confidential and limited to me and principal investigator Dr. Vikram Singh Yadav and will not be shared with any persons who is not a part of the study. We request you to allow us to use your data and photograph for publication where your identity and confidentiality of the data will be ensured. Financial implications: No extra charges will be taken or given to you for the study. 5 we18 Righ€ to withdrawal: You have the right to withdraw from the research at any point of time whenever you desire without giving reason for the same. ‘Whom to contaet: In case of any doubt regarding the study, you can contact: Abhishek Singh, PG student, College of Physiotherapy, Pt. B. D. Sharma PGIMS, Rohtak (8851994764) Dr. Vikram Singh Yadav, Assistant Professor, College of Physiotherapy, Pt. B. D. Sharma PGIMS, Rohtak19 suntan eat Ta Sma Ta are A yy A Ary area fever ora & Git Re orev a Of a We um waa fe TTT athe, wide meea anige saree tds weilics: of west gafeeatien Arete, APrioge, Rew te reed PAB faeR oll saa ah SHU oer sik sera & ae a: ga ses wT SANG WA Ree IM, TY, GiRGH sik one Tae & ak A Ve cular & efoartor ah Gis HET 8, HA TIT HT ‘faeetoor vie YREpaT SUA ae A Ver alas a arwT PeasHt a See F arf are Gran Sart & fare Soaa es RG PVT UTI a staf: sragax 2022 F 2022 SOTO HT I: BIR BH SETA & oho a pe aifeheaa aM at stan Hea B, “QR Sra Sara AT RAT TT AeheT Bl SA oretray, SI Tapa F fe sey stars Bonnet onttlen ef SBE ae a BU TES, ora arta Ba oh fae ee faa Ha Peeks ay Sawa eat reer & akon S Pere SIT SHAT TSHR: oper a eeh oh eo A aA HI ART SI ainettaan: amd a eh arena wT tinea @ AR otk wa orauw ST fewer Rig Trea ae ifr Var GET She fee Te oaks & rer are A Fes TET GH StI aor eee Fe 81 FH oT see Hea 8 fe SA WePTRM & fer sa Ser sik we wr ood Se av orale %, vet sraat usar sik Sar St tinefizat GAA aA ret Ptr aeree: ser & fey ona arg oifaheat Yow el ferent area et Fear amem!20 Ire AF ar onfReemre:. ire Fah aA area reg AM amy a, Far reer rae eter ay wero afro dy Aeoereh were: crete atte Ft Fah aM aie 3 mE A, ony aioe ae ara aifritg Rie, woh or, wie offer RFR, 1 AL amnf Monger, Teer (8851994764) Sh Ripa Rie area, were cider, aids sie RoR, v1 A Sani Uibtorgqray, derean REFERENCES 1. 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Protein supplements and adolescent sports persons: A pilot study investigating the risk knowledge, motivations and prevalence of use: Protein supplements and adolescent sports persons. Nutr Diet. 2017;74(5):509-15. 11. Sinchez Oliver A, Miranda Lebn MT, Guerra-Hernindez E. Prevalence of protein supplement use at gyms. Nutr Hosp. 2011;26(5):1168-74. 12. Ibrahim Sharif S, Mohammed A, Mohammed 1, Suleiman Sharif R. Evaluation of knowledge, attitude and use of dietary supplements among people exercising in the gym in Sharjab- United Arab Emirates. Phys Med Rehabil Res. 2018;3(5). 13. Caldwell JA, McGraw SM, Thompson LA, Lieberman HR. A survey instrament to assess intake of dietary supplements, related products, and caffeine in high-use populations. J Nutr. 2018;148(suppl_2):1449S-1451S. 14, Pittman M, Massie JB, Smith-Goodwin E. Prevalence, knowledge, and influence of whey protein and other supplements on sports persons. J Sports Med Allied Health Sci OfFJ Ohio Ath Train Assoc. 2018;4(1). 15. Knapik JJ, Trone DW, Austin KG, Steelman RA, Farina EK, Lieberman HR. Prevalence, adverse events, and factors associated with dietary supplement and2 nutritional supplement use by US navy and marine corps personnel. J Acad Nutr Diet. 2016;116(9):1423-42, 16. Jovanov P, Dordié V. Obradovié B, Barak O, Pezo L, Marié A, et al. Previ knowledge and attitudes towards using sports supplements among young athlet Int Soc Sports Nutr, 2019;16(1):27 17. Pittman M, Massie JB, Smith-Goodwin E. Prevalence, knowledge, and influence of whey protein and other supplements on athletes, J Sports Med Allied Health Sci Off} Ohio Ath! Train Assoc. 2018;4(1)2B ANNEXURE-1 QUESTIONNAIRE Name: Age:____ Gender: Male/Female Height: ‘Type of Sports: Education level- 10", 12, graduate, post-graduate Section 1:- General Information Qu What training phase/season is this for you? a) Competition ) Off-season training ) Off-season not training Q.2 Please indicate the top level of competition that you have competed in: a) State b) District ©) National 4) International Q3 On average, how many hours do you train (exercise) each week? a) 0- 5 Hours/wk b) 6-10 Hours/wk ©) L115 Hours'wk d)> 15 Hours/wk Qe4 How long have you been exercise? a) 1-3 years b) 3-5 years ©) 5 years and more Q.5 Why do you use protein supplement? a) Muscle Recovery ’) Gain Muscle Mass and Strength @) Improve Performance f) Prevent Injuries g) Compensate for protein deficiency +) Facilitate weight loss i) Facilitate weight gain Q.6 Who introduced you to protein supplement? a) Coach / Trainer / GYM Instructor b) Family/Relatives24 ©) Nutritionisv Dietitian ¢) Intemet/Social media ) Personal Choice Q.7 From where do you purchase your protein supplement? 4) Supplement Stores +) Supermarkets ©) Sports Stores 4) Pharmacies ©) Online Q.8 Monthly expenses on protein supplements? a) upto1500 ) upto 1500-3500 ©) upto 3500-4500 4) upto 4500-5000 ¢) 3000 and more Q9 Your monthly household income? a) 15,000-25,000 ) 25,000-50,000 ) 50,000-75,000 4) 75,000-100,000 €) 100,000 and above Section 2:- Knowledge about Protein Supplements Q.10 Sports persons should take protein supplement? a) Agree b) Disagree ©) Don't know Q.11 Do you know how much protein do we really need? a) Yes b) No Q.12 If yes then what do you think what is the required quantity of protein? a) Ig/kg body weight b) 2g/ke body weight c) 3g/kg body weight 4) Agikg body weight Q.13 Taking protein supplements minimizes accumulation of unwanted body fats? a) Agree b) Disagree ©) Don’t knowsl 25 Q.14 Most people don’t eat enough dietary protein? a) Agree b) Disagree ¢) Don’t know Q.15 Protein supplementation are necessary for muscle building through weight lifting? a) Agree b) Disagree c) Don’t know Q.16 Protein supplements are better than protein rich foods for muscle building? a) Agree b) Disagree ©) Don't know Q.17 Protein supplements are a good source of energy during workouts? a) Agree b) Disagree ¢) Don’t know Q.18 Protein supplements are safe to use? a) Agree b) Disagree ) Don’t know Q.19 Protein supplements increase amount of training one can undergo. a) Agree b) Disagree ¢) Don’t know Q.20 Protein supplements increase my strength? a) Agree b) Disagree c) Don’t know Q. 21 Do you know about natural sources of protein? a) Yes b)No Q.22 Pulses, milk, cheese, soya, are natural sources of protein. a) Agree b) Disagree ) Don't know Q.23 Chicken, Eggs, Fish are natural sources of protein, Sho6 Agree by Disagree €) Don't know Q.24 Do you think excess protein can damage kidney? ) Agree ) Disagree ©) Don’t know Q25 Provein supplements you are using contain substances framed! by antdoping agencies (NADANWADAY? a) Agree by Disagree ©) Don’t know Q.26 Eating extra protein improves your performance? 4) Agree b) Disagree ¢) Don't know Section 3:- Benefits Q.27 Do you think there are any 2) No benefit +) Don’t know 6) Lam not quite sure 4) There ate benefits, but I don't know what they are benefits of taking protein supplements? Q.28 Gaining muscle mass is a a) Agree b) Disagree ©) Don't know benefit of taking protein supplement? Q.29 Gaining muscle strength isa benefit of taking protein supplement? a) Agree b) Disagree ©) Don't know Q.30 Performance enhancement is a benefit of taking protein supplement? a) Agree ) Disagree ©) Don't know Q31 Muscle recovery isa benefit of taking protein supplement? a) Agree b) Disagree ¢) Don't knowa Q.32 Injury prevention is a benefit of taking protein supplement? a) Agree b) Disagree ©) Don't know Q.33 Protein supplements increase my strength. a) Agree b) Disagree ¢) Don't know Q.34 Protein supplements makes me healthier? a) Agree b) Disagree ¢) Don’t know Section 4: - Risk Q.35 Do you think there is any risk in taking protein supplement? a) No Risk b) I don’t know ¢) Tam not quite sure 4) There are risks, but I don't know what they are, Q.36 What do you think is a risk of taking protein supplement? a) There can be illegal drugs in them. b) There can be untested ingredients. ) There are risk but I don’t know. d) No risk. Q.37 What do you think is a risk of taking excess of protein supplement? a) Kidney Damage b) Dehydration ©) Gout 4) Coronary artery disease ©) Kidney Stone ) Cancer g) All of the above Q.38 Kidney damage is a risk factor of taking protein supplement? a) Agree b) Disagree c) Don’t know Q.39 Dehydration is a risk factor of taking protein supplement? a) Agree b) Disagree ¢) Don't know28 Q.40 Cancer isa risk factor of taking protein supplement? €) Don’t know Q.41 Coronary artery discase is a risk factor of taking protein supplement? a) Agree b) Disagree ¢) Don’t know Q.42 Kidney stones is a risk factor of taking protein supplement? a) Agree b) Disagree ©) Don’t know 443 Have you ever experienced any side effect eaused by protein supplement? a) Yes bv) No Q.44 Iyes, then what type of side effect you felt? a) Abdominal bloating b) Abnormal amount of flatus ¢) Abdominal pain and discomfort 4) Constipation ©) Diarthoea Section 5:- Dietary Behavior Q.45 How would you rate your diet (how healthy you eat everyday)? a) Not Very Healthy ») Preity Healthy (average) ©) Very Healthy Q.46 Have you ever used a protein supplement? a) Yes b) No Q.47 Which types of protein supplement do you use if you used? a) Protein Powders ) Protein Bars ) Protein Snacks 4) Protein Drinks ) Supplement Type Unknown29 Q.48 On an average how many times a week do you use protein supplement? a) 1-3 times/wk b) 4-6 timeswk ) 6-8 times/wk d)> 8 timeswk Q.49 How much protein do you take in one time? a) < 1 scoop (<24g) ') | scoop (24g) ¢) > 1-2 scoop (25-48g) 4) > 2 scoop (49+2) Q.50 Do you calculate your daily protein requirement? a) Yes b) No Q.51 When do you take your protein supplement? a) Early Morning b) Before Exercise ©) Immediately After Exercise 4) Other Time