I CHOOSE SPORTS OR MY BODY

CHOOSES SPORT!!

DR. SHILPA JAIN

Associate professor
Delhi pharmaceutical sciences and research
university, MB road Delhi
 Have you ever wondered why?

Africa is producing unique genotypes that cannot be found in other parts of the world
and african runners, or the “african runners phenomenon”, including: genetic
predisposition; high maximum oxygen uptake (o2max) values; highest concentration of
hemoglobin; relatively high hematocrit; the development of good metabolic efficiency
(based on somatotype characteristics); favorable muscle fiber composition; profile of
oxidative enzymes; the traditional kenyan/ethiopian diet; constant altitude training; and
motivation to achieve economic success and social mobility.
Trait inheritance and sporting potential
• Genetic background plays an
important role in sporting
potential being responsible for
determining the anthropometric,
cardiovascular, and muscular
characteristics of adaptation to
physical training.
• Some individuals to be better
adapted to physical training
(responsive individuals), others to
show little physical aptitude, even
despite training (poor
responsiveness), and still others to
be without athletic tendencies
(unresponsive individuals).
Efficient biomechanics of the body parts
• Altered biomechanics of
any joint in the body can
lead to inability to play a
certain sport requiring the
use of that particular part
• Eg. For a foot ball player
who needs to use his upper
limb as well as lower limb,
strength in both the limbs
should be good enough as
well as if there is joint
laxity or abnormal
biomechanics at knee or
ankle , he is rendered unfit
for that sport
 Percentage of static or dynamic
component in sport
Static component
Amount of maximal voluntary contraction (MVC) of the
exercising muscles required to perform the activity
Traditionally considered isometric activity or the muscles
working against resistance.
Examples of activities requiring high static forces are weight
lifting and wrestling.
The cardiovascular effects of isometric activity depend on
the intensity of the activity (e.g., The percentage of MVC
required) and the size and number of the muscle groups
involved in the activity.
Contraction of muscles during isometric activity results in an
increase in systemic vascular resistance (SVR) with a
consequent rise in systolic, diastolic, and mean blood
pressures. On the other hand, cardiac output and total body
minute oxygen consumption (VO2) are relatively unchanged
by brief severe static activity
Dynamic component
Activity that results in muscle contraction and body
movement usually repetitive and against low resistance
This is what is thought of as isotonic activity.
An example of a highly isotonic activity is long-distance
running.
The cardiovascular effects of high dynamic activity are due
to the fact that metabolic demands of the exercising muscle
are much greater. The VO2 may rise tenfold or more from
resting values with high-dynamic activity.
To meet this oxygen demand, cardiac output may rise
fivefold or more in well-conditioned athletes. Although
systolic blood pressure rises as the cardiac output increases,
vasodilation of the vascular bed of the exercising muscles
results in a significant drop in SVR with high-dynamic
exercise. Thus, dynamic exercise results primarily in a
volume load being placed on the heart as opposed to the
pressure load that results from highly static activity.
• In truth, there are no pure “static” or “dynamic” activities
• All athletic activities are to some degree, a combination of both types.
• Increasing dynamic activity requires a higher vo2 while increasing static activity
requires a higher percentage of mvc.
• There are sports such as rowing and cycling that require both high static and high
dynamic components.
Body types according to a specific sport

Different body types are as follows:-

• Endomorphic
• Mesomorphic
• Ectomorphicc
Who play better? Girls or boys!!
Gender specific difference in sporting
potential: important facts
The question now is?
 Which is the best sport for a player
It is a comprehensive and
integrated approach
• Gender
• Genetic potential
• Body type and body
composition
• Efficient biomechanics
of involved parts
• Playing time of each
sport
Specific fitness training for a particular
sport
Activity Aerobic energy Anaerobic energy
duration contribution(%) contribution(%)

5 seconds 5 95

30 seconds 20 80

2 minutes 50 50

10 minutes 90 10

30 minutes 95 5

2 hours 99 1
Other function tests:
• Strength
1. wt. lifting
2. Vertical jump
3. Fatigue test
• Flexibility testing
 References

• https://thoracickey.com/exercise-screening-and-
sports-participation/
• https://ghr.nlm.nih.gov/primer/traits/athleticperfo
rmance
• https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC
3993978/
• https://visual.ly/community/infographic/health/3-
body-types