P & S Questions and Tables

Useful Formulas 1
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Differentiation Integration
1 ( ) 27 ∫ ( )
2 ( ) 28 ∫
3 ( ) 29 ∫
4 ( ) 30 ∫
5 ( ) 31 ∫
6 ( ) 32 ∫
7 ( ) 33 ∫
8 ( ) 34 ∫
9 (√ ) 35 ∫ √ √
√
10 ( ) 36 ∫ √
√ √ √
11 ( ) 37 ∫
( )
12 ( ) 38 ∫( )
( ) ( )
13 ( ) 39 ∫
M. Vijaya Kumar / AP / S & H / SRIT

Useful Formulas 2
14 ( ) 40 ∫
15 ( ) 41 ∫ ( )
16 ( ) 42 ∫
17 ( ) 43 ∫ ( )
18 ( ) 44 ∫ ( )
19 45 ∫
√
20 46 ∫
√
21 47 ∫ ( )
22 48 ∫ ( )
23 49 ∫ ( )
24 50 ∫
25 ( ) 51 ∫
26 ( ) 52 ∫ ( )
√
53 ∫ ( )
56 ( ) ( ) 54 ∫ √ √ ( )
57 √ 55 ∫ ( ) [ ]

Useful Formulas 3
Trigonometric formulas
56 ( ) 73
57 ( ) 74
( ) ( ) ( )
58
75
59 ( ) ( )
76
60 [ ( ) ( )]
77
61 [ ( ) ( )]
78
62 [ ( ) ( )]
79
63 ( ) 80
64 ( ) 81 ( )
65 ( ) 82 ( )
66 ( ) 83
67 84
68 85
69 86
70 87
71 88 ( ) ( )
72 ( ) 89 ( )

Useful Formulas 4
Exact values of trigonometric functions
√
0 1
√
√
1 0
√
0 1 √
√
Basic Algebraic formulas
91 ( ) 98
92 ( ) 99
93 ( ) 100 ( )
94 ( ) 101 ( )
95 ( )( ) 102 ( )
96 ( )( ) 103
97 ( )( )
Useful expressions
104 108 ( )
105 ( ) 109 ( )
106 ( ) 110
107 ( )

Useful Formulas 5
111 117 ( ) ( )( )
112 118
113 119
114 √ 120
115 | | √ 121 ( )
( )
116 ( ) 122 ( )
( ) ( )
Reduction formula
123 ∫ [ ]
124 ∫ [ ]
125 ∫ [ ]
( ) ( )
( ) ( )
( ) ( )
( ) ( )

SRIT / 20MHG06 – P & S / Probability and Statistics
Question Bank
Unit I : Probability and Statistical Distributions
Problem: 1
I have three bags that each contains 100 marbles:
 Bag 1 has 75 red and 25 blue marbles;
 Bag 3 has 45 red and 55 blue marbles.
I choose one of the bag at random and then pick a marble from the chosen bag, also at random. What is the
probability that the chosen marble is red?
Problem: 2
I have three bags that each contains 100 marbles:
 Bag 3 has 45 red and 55 blue marbles.
Suppose I choose one marble at random, that may be red marble. What is the probability that Bag 1 was
chosen?
Problem: 3
The contents of Urns I, II, III are 2 white, 3 black, 4 red balls; 3 white, 2 black, 2 red balls; 4 white, 1
black, 3 red balls. One urn is chosen at random and two balls are drawn. They happened to be white and
red. What is the probability that they come from urn III?
Problem: 4
An urn B1 contains 2 white and 3 black balls and another urn B2 contains 3 white and 4 black balls.
One urn is selected at random and a ball is drawn from it. If the ball drawn is found black, find the
probability that the urn chosen was B1.
Problem: 5
Construct the distribution function of the discrete random variable whose probability
distribution is given below:
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 Total
( ) 0.10 0.15 0.25 0.20 0.15 0.10 0.05 1
Problem: 6
A random variable has the following probability distribution function as:
( )
i. Find the value of
SRIT / Maths / M. Vijaya Kumar 1

ii. Find ( ) ( ) ( )
iii. Find the distribution function of .
Problem: 7
When a dice is thrown, denotes the number that turns up. Find ( ) ( )
( ) and Variance of .
Problem: 8
A random variable takes the values and such that ( ) ( ) ( )
( ). Find the probability distribution of and cumulative distribution function of .
Problem: 9
A random variable has the following probability distribution function as:
0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7
( )
i. Find the value of
ii. Find ( ) ( ) ( )
iii. Find [ ⁄ ]
Problem: 10
The probability function of a random variable is defined as ( ) ( )
( ) , where and ( ) if . Find
.
( ⁄ )
Problem: 11
Verify the following function is a probability density function or not?
( ) {
Problem: 12
( ) { ( ) ( )
Problem: 13
( ) {
Find (i). the value of (ii). Distribution function of (iii). ( ).

Problem: 14

The distribution function of a random variable is given by ( )

( ) Find the density function, mean and variance of .
Problem: 15
( ) {
For what value of is ( ) a valid pdf? Also find cumulative distribution of the random variable with the
above pdf.
Problem: 16
( ) { ( )
Find (i). the value of , (ii). ( ) (iii). What is [ ⁄ ] (iv). Find the
distribution of ( ).
Problem: 17
( ) {
what is ( ) and ( )
Problem: 18
( )
[ ( )⁄ ( )]
Problem: 19
( )
( )
{
(| | ) ( )
Problem: 20
Find the moment generating function and rth moment for the distribution whose probability
density function ( ) . Hence find the mean and variance.
Problem: 21
A random variable has the pdf ( ) { . Obtain the MGF and find its first four
moments about the origin. Also find the mean and variance.
Problem: 22

Find the MGF of the random variable having the probability density function
( ) {
Problem: 23
( ) {
And hence find its mean and variance.

Problem: 24
( ) {
And hence find its first four moments about the origin.
Problem: 25
( )
( ) {
Find its moment. Hence evaluate [( ) ].

Problem: 26
A continuous random variable has the PDF ( ) . Find moment generating
function, mean and variance of .
Problem: 27
Find the moment generating function having the PDF ( ) { .
Problem: 28
The mean and standard deviation of the binomial distribution are 5 and 2. Find the distribution.
Problem: 29
The mean and variance of the binomial distribution are 8 and 6. Find ( ).
Problem: 30
The probability of a bomb hitting a target is . Two bombs are enough to destroy a bridge. If six bombs are
aimed at the bridge, find the probability that the bridge is destroyed?
Problem: 31
A perfect cubic die is thrown a large number of times in sets of 8. The presence of 5 and 6 is treated
as a success. In what percentage of the sets can we expect 3 successes?
Problem: 32

In the old days, there was a probability of 0.8 of success in any attempt to make a telephone call. (This
often depended on the importance of the person making the call, or the operator's curiosity!) Calculate the
probability of having 7 successes in 10attempts.
Problem: 33
Hospital records show that of patients suffering from a certain disease, 75% die of it. What is the
probability that of 6 randomly selected patients, 4 will recover?
Problem: 34
A (blindfolded) marksman finds that on the average he hits the target 4 times out of 5. If he fires 4 shots,
what is the probability of (a) more than 2 hits? (b) at least 3 misses?
Problem: 35
4 coins were tossed simultaneously. What is the probability of getting (i) 2 heads
(ii) at least 2 heads (iii) at most 2 heads.
Problem: 36
If 10% of the screws produced by an automatic machine are defective, find the probability that out
of 20 screws selected at random, there are (i) exactly 2 defective (ii) at most 3 defective (iii) at
least 2 defective (iv) between 1 and 3 defective (inclusive).
Problem: 37
In certain town 20% samples of the population is literature and assume that 200 investigators take
samples of ten individuals to see whether they are literature. How many investigators would you expect to
report that 3 people or less are literatures in the samples?
Problem: 38
In a large consignment of electric bulbs, 10 percent are defective. A random sample of 20 is taken
for inspection. Find the probability that (1) all are good bulbs (2) at most there are 3 defective bulbs (3)
exactly there are 3 defective bulbs.
Problem: 39
( ) ( )
( ) ( )
Problem: 40
If X is Poisson variate such that ( ) ( ) ( ) then
( )
Problem: 41

The number of monthly breakdowns of a computer is a random variable having a Poisson

distribution with mean equal to 1.8. Find the probability that this computer will function for a month (1)
without any breakdown (2) with only one breakdown.
Problem: 42
An average of 0.61 soldiers died by horse kicks per year in each Prussian army corps. You want to
calculate the probability that exactly two soldiers died in the VII Army Corps in 1898, assuming that the
number of horse kick deaths per year follows a Poisson distribution.
Problem: 43
1% of jobs arriving at a computer system need to wait until weekends for scheduling, owing to
core-size limitations. Find the probability that among a sample of 200 jobs there are no jobs that have to
wait until weekends.
Problem: 44
3% of the electric bulbs are manufactured by a company are defective, find the probability that in a
sample of 100 bulbs exactly 5 bulbs are defective.
Problem: 45
A manufacture of pins knows that 2% of his products are defective. If he sells pins in boxes of 100
and guarantees that not more than 4 pins will be defective, what is the probability that a box fail to meet
the guaranteed quality?
Problem: 46
It is known that form past experience in a certain plant there are on the average 4 industrial
accidents. Find the probability that in a given year there will be less than 4 accidents.
Problem: 47
An insurance company found that only of the population is involved in a certain type of
accidents each year. If its 1000 policy holders were randomly selected from the population, what is the
probability that not more than two of its clients are involved in such an accident next year?
Problem: 48
Out of 1000 balls 50 are red and the rest of them are white, if 60 balls are picked at random, what is
the probability of picking up (i) 3 red balls (ii) not more than 3 red balls in the sample. Assume Poisson
distribution for the number of red balls picked in the sample.
Problem: 49
If electricity power failures occur according to a Poisson distribution with an average of 3 failures every
twenty weeks, calculate the probability that there will not be more than one failure during a particular
week.
Problem: 50

Vehicles pass through a junction on a busy road at an average rate of 300 per hour. Find the probability
that none passes in a given minute.
Problem: 51
A die is cast until 6 appear. What is the probability that it must be cast more than five times?
Problem: 52
In a certain goods produced by a machine has a 3% defective rate. What is the probability that the
first defective occurs in the a) fifth item inspected? B) first five inspections?
Problem: 53
If the probability that a target is destroyed on any one attempt is 0.5. What is the probability that it
would be destroyed on 6th attempt?
Problem: 54
The total duration of baseball games in the major league in the 2011 season is uniformly
distributed between 452 hours and 541 hours inclusive. Find a). mean and standard deviation b). What is
the probability that the duration of games for a team for the 2019 season is between 485 and 510 hours?
Problem: 55
Suppose the time it takes a nine-year old to eat a donut is between 0.5 and 4 minutes, inclusive.
What is the probability that a randomly selected nine-year old child eats a donut in a) at least two
minutes? B) more than two minutes given that the child has already been eating the donut for more than
1.5 minutes.
Problem: 56
Suppose the time it takes a student to finish a quiz is uniformly distributed between six and 15
minutes, inclusive. Find probability that a randomly selected student needs at least eight minutes to
complete the quiz. Then find the probability that a different student needs at least eight minutes to finish
the quiz given that she has already taken more than seven minutes.
Problem: 57
The amount of time a service technician needs to change the oil in a car is uniformly distributed
between 11 and 21 minutes. Find ( ).
Problem: 58
A random variable is uniformly distributed over ( ). Find ( ) ( )
( ) and ( ).
Problem: 59
Trains arrive at a station at 15 minutes intervals starting at 4 a.m. If a passenger arrives at a station
at a time that is uniformly distributed between 9.00 and 9.30, find the probability that he has to wait for
the train for (1) less than 6 minutes (2) more than 10 minutes.

Problem: 60
The number of computers sold daily at a computer shop is uniformly distributed with minimum of
2000 PC and a maximum of 5000 PC. (1). Find the probability that daily sales will fall between 2500 and
3000 PC (2). What is the probability that the computer shop will sell at least 4000 PC? (3). what is the
probability that the computer shop will exactly sell 2500 PC?
Problem: 61
The time (in hours) required to repair a machine is exponentially distributed with parameter .
What is the probability that the repair time exceeds 2h? (1) What is the probability that the required time
exceeds 2 hours (2) What is the conditional probability that a repair takes at least 10h given that its
duration exceeds 9h?
Problem: 62
The mileage which car owners get with certain kind of radial tyre is a random variable having an
exponential distribution with mean 4000 km. Find the probability that one of these tyres will last (1) at
least 2000 km (2) at most 3000 km.
Problem: 63
A radar unit is used to measure speeds of cars on a motorway. The speeds are normally distributed with a
mean of 90 km/hr and a standard deviation of 10 km/hr. What is the probability that a car picked at
random is travelling at more than 100 km/hr?
Problem: 64
The time taken to assemble a car in a certain plant is a random variable having a normal distribution of 20
hours and a standard deviation of 2 hours. What is the probability that a car can be assembled at this plant
in a period of time a) less than 19.5 hours? b) between 20 and 22 hours?
Problem: 65
In a test on 2000 electric bulbs, it was found that the life of Philips bulbs was normally distributed
with an average of 2100 hours and S.D. of 60 hours. Estimate the number of bulbs likely to burn for (i)
more than 2150 hours, (ii) less than 1950 hours.
Problem: 66
Assume that the reduction of a person’s oxygen consumption during a period of Transcendental
Meditation (T.M) is a continuous random variable X normally distributed with mean 37.6 cc/mim and S.D
4.6 cc/min. Determine the probability that during a period of T.M. a person’s oxygen consumption will be
reduced by
i. at least 44.5 cc/min
i. at most 35.0 cc/min

ii. anywhere from 30.0 to 40.0 cc/mim.

Problem: 67
The marks obtained by a number of students in a certain subject are assumed to be normally
distributed with mean 65 and standard deviation 5. If 3 students are selected at random from this group,
what is the probability that two of them will have marks over 70 and atleast one of them will have marks
over 70?
Problem: 68
Given that is distributed normally. If ( ) and ( ) , find the mean and
standard deviation of the distribution.
Problem: 69
Let and be independent normal variates with mean 45 and 44 and standard deviation 2 and 15
respectively. What is the probability that randomly chosen values of and differ by 1.5 or more?
II - Two Dimensional Random Variables
Problem: 1
( )
Find the marginal and conditional distributions. Also find the distribution function of .
Problem: 2
The joint probability distribution function is given by ( ) ( )
Find all the marginal and conditional probability distributions.
Problem: 3
The bivariate random variable and has the probability density function
( ) ( )
Problem: 4
The bivariate random variable and has the probability density function
( ) ( )( )
Problem: 5
( )
( ) { () ( ) ( ) ( ) ( )
Problem: 6
The joint probability density function of two random variables and is given by
( ) { i. Find the value ii. Find the mariginal density functions of and .
Problem: 7
The joint probability density function of a two dimensional random variables is

( ) { () ( )
( ) ( ⁄ ) ( ) ( )
Problem: 8
The joint probability density function of two random variables & is given by
( )
( ) {
( ) ( ⁄ )
Problem: 9
Determine whether the random variables and are independent, given their
( ) {
Also find the conditional densities of on and on .

Problem: 10
If the joint PDF of the function and is given by
( ) ( )
{
() ( ) ( ) ( ) ( ) ( )
Problem: 11
Let and have the joint p.d.f given by
( ) { ()
( ) [( ) ( )] ( ) [( ) ( )]
( ) ( ) ( ) ( )
Problem: 12
Find the correlation co efficient for the following data
X 10 14 18 22 26 30
Y 18 12 24 6 30 36
Problem: 13
The marks obtained by 10 students in Mathematics and Statistics are given below. Find the
correlation coefficient between the two subjects.

Marks in math’s 75 30 60 80 53 35 15 40 38 48
Marks in Stats 85 45 54 91 58 63 35 43 45 44
Problem: 14
Compute the coefficient of correlation between X and Y using the following data:
X 1 3 5 7 8 10
Y 8 12 15 17 18 20
Problem: 15
Calculate the coefficient of correlation for the following data:
9 8 7 6 5 4 3 2 1
15 16 14 13 11 12 10 8 9
Problem: 16
Find the covariance of and if the random variable ( ) having joint probability density
function ( ) {
Problem: 17
The joint probability density function of a random variable ( ) is
( ) and Find the covariance of and .
Problem: 18
Two random variables and having the joint probability density function given by ( )
( )
{ i. Find the value ii. Find the marginal density function of and
iii. Find the correlation co efficient of and .

Problem: 19
The joint probability density function of a two dimensional random variables are
( ) ( ) ( )
Problem: 20
Let and be random variables having joint probability density function
( ) ( )
{
Problem: 21
( )
( ) {
Problem: 22


[( ) ( )] ( )
( ) { Show that and are uncorrelated but
not independent.
Problem: 23
( )
The joint pdf of and is ( ) { Find covariance of and . Are
and are independent?

Problem: 24
Obtain the equations of the lines of regression from the following data:
1 2 3 4 5 6 7
9 8 10 12 11 13 14
Problem: 25
From the following data find
 The two regression lines
 The co efficient of correlation between the marks in economics and statistics
 The most likely marks in statistics when marks in economics are 30.
Marks in Economics: 25 28 35 32 31 36 29 38 34 32
Marks in Statistics: 43 46 49 41 36 32 31 30 33 39
Problem: 26
The two lines of regression are . The variance of is 9.
Find (i) The mean values of and (ii) correlation coefficient between and .
Problem: 27
The two lines of regression are . Find ( ̅ ̅ ) and correlation
coefficient between and .
Problem: 28
The regression equation of and is . If the mean value of
and the correlation coefficient.

Problem: 29
If and are uncorrelated random variables with variances and . Find the correlation
coefficient between and .

Problem: 30
If the independent random variables and have the variances 3 and respectively, find the
correlation coefficient between and .
Problem: 31
Find the rank correlation co efficient from the following data.
Rank in X 1 2 3 4 5 6 7
Rank in Y 4 3 1 2 6 5 7
Problem: 32
The ranks of some 16 students in mathematics and physics are as follows. Find the rank correlation
for the proficiency in mathematics and physics.
Rank in Math’s 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16
Rank in Physics 1 10 3 4 5 7 2 6 8 11 15 9 14 12 16 13
Problem: 33
Determine the rank correlation co efficient for the following data.
68 64 75 50 64 80 75 40 55 64
62 58 68 45 81 60 68 48 50 70
Problem: 34
The sample of 12 fathers and their eldest sons have the following data about their heights in inches.
Fathers 65 63 67 64 68 62 70 66 68 67 69 71
Sons 68 66 68 65 69 66 68 65 71 67 68 70
Determine the rank correlation co efficient for the following data.
Problem: 35
If and both follows an exponential distribution with parameter and are independent, find the
probability density function of .
Problem: 36
If and follows uniform distribution with parameter ( ) and are independent, find the
probability density function of .
Problem: 37
If the joint probability density function of and is given by ( )
, find the probability density function of .
Problem: 38
If and are independent random variables with P.D.F ( ) and

( )
Are and independent?

Problem: 39
If are poisson variable with parameter , use the central limit theorem to estimate
( ) where and .
Problem: 40
If are independently identically distributed random
( )
Problem: 41
The resistors and are independent random variables and is uniform in the interval
( ). Using central limit theorem, find ( ).
Problem: 42
The life time of a certain electric bulbs may be considered as a random variable with mean
and standard deviation . Find the probability, using central limit theorem, that the average life time
of bulbs exceeds .
Problem: 43
A random sample of size is taken from a population whose mean is and variance is . Using
central limit theorem, with what probability can we assert that the mean of the sample will not differ from
by more than .
III - TESTING OF HYPOTHESIS
Problem: 1
The mean lifetime of a sample of 100 light tubes produced by a company is found to be 1580 hours
with standard deviation of 90 hours. Test the hypothesis that the mean lifetime of the tubes produced by
the company is 1600 hours.
Problem: 2
The mean breaking strength of a cables supplied by a manufacturer is 1800 with the S.D of 100. By
a new technique in the manufacturing process, it is claimed that the breaking strength of the cable has
increased. To test this claim a sample of 50 cables is tested and is found that the mean breaking strength is
1850. Can we support the claim at 1% level of significance?
Problem: 3
A sample of 100 students is taken from a large population. The mean height of the students in this
sample is 160 cm. Can it be reasonably regarded that this sample is from a population of mean 165 cm and
S.D 10 cm?

Problem: 4
A sample of 900 members has a mean 3.4 cm and S.D 2.61 cm. Is the sample from a large
population of mean 3.25 cm and S.D 2.61 cm. If the population is normal and the mean is unknown.
Problem: 5
A cosmetics company fills its best-selling 8 ounce jars of facial cream by an automatic dispensing machine.
The machine is set to dispense a mean of 8.1 ounces per jar. Uncontrollable factors in the process can shift
the mean away from 8.1 and cause either under fill or overfill, both of which are undesirable. In such a
case the dispensing machine is stopped and recalibrated. Regardless of the mean amount dispensed, the
standard deviation of the amount dispensed always has value 0.22 ounce. A quality control engineer
routinely selects 30 jars from the assembly line to check the amounts filled. On one occasion, the sample
mean is 8.2 ounces and the sample standard deviation is 0.25 ounce. Determine if there is sufficient
evidence in the sample to indicate, at the 1% level of significance, that the machine should be recalibrated.
Problem: 6
It is hoped that a newly developed pain reliever will more quickly produce perceptible reduction in pain to
patients after minor surgeries than a standard pain reliever. The standard pain reliever is known to bring
relief in an average of 3.5 minutes with standard deviation 2.1 minutes. To test whether the new pain
reliever works more quickly than the standard one, 50 patients with minor surgeries were given the new
pain reliever and their times to relief were recorded. The experiment yielded sample mean minutes
and sample standard deviation 1.5 minutes. Is there sufficient evidence in the sample to indicate, at the
5% level of significance, that the newly developed pain reliever does deliver perceptible relief more
quickly?
Problem: 7
The buyer of electric bulbs bought 100 bulbs each of two famous brands. Upon testing these he
found that brand A had a mean life of 1500 hours with a standard deviation of 50 hours whereas brand B
had a mean life of 1530 hours with a standard deviation of 60 hours. Can it be concluded at 5% level of
significance, that the two brands differ significantly in quality?
Problem: 8
Intelligence test given to two groups of boys and girls gave the following information
Mean Score S.D Number
Girls 75 10 50
Boys 70 12 100
Is the difference in the mean scores of boys and girls statistically significant?
Problem: 9

A simple sample of heights of 6400 Englishmen has a mean of 170 cm and S.D of 6.4 cm, while a
simple sample of heights of 1600 Americans has mean of 172 cm and S.D of 6.3 cm. Do the data indicate
that Americans are on the average taller than Englishmen’s?
Problem: 10
In a certain factory there are two independent processes manufacturing the same item. The
average weight in a sample of 250 items produced from one process is found to be 120 Ozs, with a s.d of
12 Ozs, while the corresponding figures in a sample of 400 items from the other process are 124 Ozs and
14 Ozs. Is the difference between the two sample means significant?
Problem: 11
A random sample of 10 boys has the following IQ’s 70, 83, 88, 95, 98, 100, 101, 107, 110 and 120. Do these
data support the assumption of a population mean IQ of 100 at 5% level of significance?
Problem: 12
The heights of 10 males of a given locality are found to be 70, 67, 62, 68, 61, 68, 70, 64, 64, 66
inches. Is it reasonable to believe that the average height is greater than 64 inches?
Problem: 13
A simple random sample of 10 people from a certain population has a mean age of 27. Can we
conclude that the mean age of the population is not 30? The variance is known to be 20. Let .
Problem: 14
Ten oil tins are taken at random from an automatic filling machine. The mean weight of the tins 15.8 kg
and standard deviation of 0.5 kg. Does the sample mean differ significantly from the intended weight of 16
kg?
Problem: 15
The height of six randomly chosen sailors are (in inches): 63, 65, 68, 69, 71 and 72. Those of 10
randomly chosen soldiers are 61, 62, 65, 66, 69, 69, 70, 71, 72 and 73. Discuss, the height that these data
thrown on the suggestion that sailors are on the average taller than soldiers.
Problem: 16
In a packing plant, a machine packs cartons with jars. It is supposed that a new machine will pack
faster on the average than the machine currently used. To test that hypothesis, the times it takes each
machine to pack ten cartons are recorded. The results (machine.txt), in seconds, are shown in the
following table.
New machine Old machine
42.1 41.3 42.4 43.2 41.8 42.7 43.8 42.5 43.1 44
41 41.8 42.8 42.3 42.7 43.6 43.3 43.5 41.7 44.1

Problem: 17
Two independent samples of 8 and 7 items respectively had the following values.
Sample I 9 11 13 11 15 9 12 14
Sample II 10 12 10 14 9 8 10
Is the difference between the means of samples significant?
Problem: 18
In a test given to two groups of students the marks obtained were as follows.
First Group 18 20 36 50 49 36 34 49 41
Second Group 29 28 26 35 30 44 46
Examine the significant difference between the means of marks secured by students of the above two
groups.
Problem: 19
The following table gives the number of air accidents that occur during the various days of a week. Find
whether the accidents are uniformly distributed over the week.
Days Sun Mon Tue Wed Thu Fri Sat
No. of Accidents 14 16 8 12 11 9 14
Problem: 20
The demand for a particular spare part in a factory was found to vary from day-to-day.
In a sample study the following information was obtained.
Days: Mon Tue Wed Thu Fri sat
No. of spare parts demanded: 1124 1125 1110 1120 1126 1115
Test the hypothesis that the number of parts demanded does not depend on the day of the week.
Problem: 21
The following figures show the distribution of digits in numbers chosen at random from the
following directory:
Digits 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 Total
Frequency 1026 1107 997 966 1075 933 1107 972 964 853 10000
Test whether the digits may be taken to occur equally frequently in the directory.
Problem: 22
Two researchers adopted different sampling techniques while investigating the same group of
students to find the number of students falling in different intelligence levels. The results are as follows.
Researches Below Average Average Above average Genius
86 60 44 10 200

40 33 25 2 100
126 93 69 12 300
Would you say that the sampling techniques adopted by the 2 researches are independent?
Problem: 23
Test of fidelity and selectivity of 190 radio receivers produced the results shown in the following
table.
Fidelity
Selectivity Low Average High Total
Low 6 12 32 50
Average 33 61 18 112
High 13 15 0 28
Total 52 88 50 190
Use the 0.01 level of significance to test whether there is a relationship between fidelity and selectivity.
Problem: 24
Using the data given in the following table to test at 1% level of significance whether a person’s
ability in Mathematics is independent of his / her interest in Statistics.
Ability in Mathematics
Low Average High
Interest in Low 63 42 15
Statistics Average 58 61 31
High 14 47 29
Problem: 25
An automobile company gives you the following information about age groups and the liking for particular
model of car which it plans to introduce. On the basic of this data can it be concluded that the model
appeal is independent of the age group.
Persons who: Below 20 20-39 40-59 60 and above
Liked the car: 140 80 40 20
Disliked the car: 60 50 30 80
Problem: 26
A sample of 200 persons with a particular disease was selected. Out of these, 100 were given a drug
and the others were not given any drug. The results are as follows.

No. of persons Drug No drug Total

Cured 65 55 120
Not cured 35 45 80
Total 100 100 200
Test whether the drug is effective or not.
Problem: 27
1000 students at college level were graded according to their I.Q and their economic conditions.
What conclusion can you draw from the following data:
I.Q level
Economic conditions
High Low
Rich 460 140
Poor 240 160
Problem: 28
Find if there is any association between extravagance in fathers and extravagance in sons from the
following data. Determine the coefficient of association also
Extravagant Miserly
father father
Extra. Sons 327 741
Misser. Sons 545 234
Problem: 29
Out of 8000 graduates in a town 800 are females; out of 1600 graduate employees 120 are females. Use
to determine if any distinction is made in appointment on the basis of sex. Use 5% level of significance.
Problem: 30
Two independent samples of sizes 9 and 7 from a normal population had the following
values of the variables.
Sample I : 18 13 12 15 12 14 16 14 15
Sample II : 16 19 13 16 18 13 15
Do the estimates of population variance differ significantly at 5% level of significance?
Problem: 31
Time taken by workers in performing a job are given below:
Type I 21 17 27 28 24 23
Type II 28 34 43 36 33 35 39
Test whether there is any significant difference between the variances of time distribution.

Problem: 32
Test whether there is any significant difference between the variances of the populations from which the
following samples are taken:
Sample I: 20 16 26 27 23 22
Sample II: 27 33 42 35 32 34 38
Problem: 33
Test whether there is any significant difference between the variances of the populations from which the
following samples are taken:
Sample I: 76 68 70 43 94 68 33
Sample II: 40 48 92 85 70 76 68 22
Practice problems:
1. A sample of 10 boys had the I.Q’s: 70, 120, 110, 101, 88, 83, 95, 98, 100 and 107. Test whether the
population mean I.Q may be 100.
2. A mathematics test was given to 50 girls and 75 boys. The girls made an average grade of 76 with a SD
of 6, while boys made an average grade of 82 with a SD of 2. Test whether there is any significant
difference between the performance of boys and girls.
3. A random sample of 100 bulbs from a company P shows a mean life 1300 hours and standard
deviation of 82 hours. Another random sample of 100 bulbs from company Q showed a mean life 1248
hours and standard deviation of 93 hours. Are the bulbs of company P superior to bulbs of company Q
at 5% level of significance?
4. The sales manager of a large company conducted a sample survey in two places A and B taking 200
samples in each case. The results were the following table. Test whether the average sales is the same
in the 2 areas at 5% level.
Place A Place B
Average Sales Rs. 2,000 Rs. 1,700
S.D Rs. 200 Rs. 450
5. Random samples drawn from two places gave the following data relating to the heights of male adults:
Place A Place B
Mean Height (in Inches) 68.5 65.5
S.D (in Inches) 2.5 3
No. Of Adult males in sample 1200 1500
Test at 5% level of significance that the mean height is the same for adults in the two places.

6. Examine whether the difference in the variability in yields is significant at 5% level of significance, for
the following.
Sets of 40 plots Sets of 60 plots
Mean yield per plot 1256 1243
S.D per plot 34 28
7. Test if the difference in the means is significant for the following data:
Sample I: 76 68 70 43 94 68 33
Sample II: 40 48 92 85 70 76 68 22
IV - DESIGN OF EXPERIMENTS
Problem: 1
A random sample is selected from each of three makes of ropes and their breaking strength (in
pounds) are measured with the following results:
I II III
70 100 60
72 110 65
75 108 57
80 112 84
83 113 87
120 73
107
Test whether the breaking strength of the ropes differs significantly.
Problem: 2
The following are the number of mistakes made in 5 successive days by 4 technicians working for a
photographic laboratory. Test whether the difference among the four samples mean can be attributed to
chance. [Test at a level of significance ].
I II III IV
6 14 10 9
14 9 12 12
10 12 7 8
8 10 15 10
11 14 11 11

Problem: 3
As part of the investigation of the collapse of the roof of a building, a testing laboratory is given all
the available bolts that connected all the steel structure at three different positions on the roof. The forces
required to shear each of these bolts (coded values) are as follows:
Position 1 90 82 79 98 83 91
Position 2 105 89 93 104 89 95 86
Position 3 83 89 80 94
Problem: 4
A completely randomized design experiment with 10 plots and 3 treatments gave the following results:
Plot No 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10
Treatment A B C A C C A B A B
Yield 5 4 3 7 5 1 3 4 1 7
Analyze the results for treatment effects.
OR
A completely randomized design experiment with ten plots and three treatments gave the results given
below. Analyze the results for the effects of treatments.
Treatment Replications
A 5 7 1 3
B 4 4 7
C 3 1 5
Problem: 5
The following data represents the number of units of production per day turned out by different
workers using 4 different types of machines.
Machine Type
A B C D
1 44 38 47 36
2 46 40 52 43
Workers 3 34 36 44 32
4 43 38 46 33
5 38 42 49 39
i. Test whether the five men differ with respect to mean productivity and
ii. Test whether the mean productivity is the same for the four different machine types.
Problem: 6

A company appoints 4 salesmen’s A, B, C and D and observes their sales in 3 seasons: summer,
winter and monsoon. The figures (in lakhs of Rs.) are given in the following table:
Salesmen
Season A B C D
Summer 45 40 38 37
Winter 43 41 45 38
Monsoon 39 39 41 41
Carry out an analysis of variance.
Problem: 7
Analyse the following RBD and draw your conclusion.
Treatments
12 14 20 22
17 27 19 15
Blocks
15 14 17 12
18 16 22 12
19 15 20 14
Problem: 8
A set of data involving four “four tropical feed stuffs A, B, C, D” tried on 20 chicks is given below. All
the twenty chicks are treated alike in all respects except the feeding treatments and each feeding
treatment is given to 5 chicks. Analyze the data. Weight gain of baby chicks fed on different feeding
materials composed of tropical feed stuffs.
Total
A 55 49 42 21 52 219
B 61 112 30 89 63 355
C 42 97 81 95 92 407
D 169 137 169 85 154 714
Grand Total
Problem: 9
Set up the analysis of variance for the following results of a Latin Square Design. Use 0.01 level of
significance.
A C B D
12 19 10 8

C B D A
18 12 6 7
B D A C
22 10 5 21
D A C B
12 7 27 17
Problem: 10
Analyze the variance in the Latin Square of yields (in kgs) of paddy where P,Q,R,S denote the
different methods of cultivation.
S122 P121 R123 Q122
Q124 R123 P122 S125
P120 Q119 S120 R121
R122 S123 Q121 P122
Examine whether the different methods of cultivation have given significantly different yields.
Problem: 11
The figures in the following 5*5 Latin square are the numbers of minutes, engines
and tuned up by mechanics and , ran with a gallon of fuel A, B, C, D and E.
A B C D E
31 24 20 20 18
B C D E A
21 27 23 25 31
C D E A B
21 27 25 29 21
D E A B C
21 25 33 25 22
E A B C D
21 37 24 24 20
Use the level of significance to test
 The null hypothesis that there is no difference in the performance of the five engines.
 that the persons who tuned up these engines have no effect on their performance.
 that the engines perform equally well with each of the fuels.
Problem: 12

Four cars and four drivers are employed in a study for possible differences between four gasoline
additives(A, B, C, D). Even though cars can be identical models, slight systematic differences are likely to
occur in their performance, and even though each driver may do his best to drive the car in the manner
required by the test, slight systematic differences can occur from driver to driver. It would be desirable to
eliminate both the car-to-car and driver-to-driver differences. Carry ANNOVA table.
Cars
Drivers 1 2 3 4
1 A 24 B 26 D 20 C 25
2 D 23 C 26 A 20 B 27
3 B 15 D 13 C 16 A 16
4 C 17 A 15 B 20 D 20
Use the level of significance to test.
Assignment Problems:
1. The following table shows the lives in hours of four brands of electric lamps:
Brand A 1610 1610 1650 1680 1700 1720 1800
Brand B 1580 1640 1640 1700 1750
Brand C 1460 1550 1600 1620 1640 1660 1740 1820
Brand D 1510 1520 1530 1570 1600 1680
Perform an analysis of variance and test the homogeneity of the mean lives of the four brands of
lamps.
2. Suppose that a random sample of n = 5 was selected from the vineyard properties for sale in
Sonoma County, California, in each of three years. The following data are consistent with summary
information on price per acre for disease-resistant grape vineyards in Sonoma County. Carry out an
ANOVA to determine whether there is evidence to support the claim that the mean price per acre
for vineyard land in Sonoma County was not the same for each of the three years considered. Test
at the 0.05 level and at the 0.01 level.
1996: 30000 34000 36000 38000 40000
1997: 30000 35000 37000 38000 40000
1998: 40000 41000 43000 44000 50000
3. The accompanying data resulted from an experimental comparing the degree of soiling for fabric
copolymerized with the 3 different mixtures of methacrylic acid. Analyse the classification
Mixture 1 0.56 1.12 0.90 1.07 0.94

Mixture 2 0.72 0.69 0.87 0.78 0.91

Mixture 3 0.62 1.08 1.07 0.99 0.93
4. The following data represents a certain person to work from Monday to Friday by four different
routes.
Days
Mon Tue Wed Thu Fri
1 22 26 25 25 31
Routes 2 25 27 28 26 29
3 26 29 33 30 33
4 26 28 27 30 30
Test at 5% level of significance whether the differences among the means obtained for the different routes
are significant and whether the differences among the means obtained for the different days of the week
are significant.
5. The sales of 4 salesmen in 3 seasons are tabulated here. Carry out an analysis of variance.
Salesmen
Season A B C D
Summer 36 36 21 35
Winter 28 29 31 32
Monsoon 26 28 29 29
6. Perform a 2 way ANNOVA on the data given below:
Treatment 1
1 2 3
1 30 26 38
2 24 29 28
Treatment 2 3 33 24 35
4 36 31 30
5 27 35 33
7. Three varieties of coal analyzed by four chemists and the ash content is tabulated below. Perform an
analysis of variance.
Chemists
Coal A B C D
I 8 5 5 7
II 7 6 4 4

III 3 6 5 4
8. A variable trail was conducted on wheat with 4 variables in a Latin square design. The plan of the
experiment is given below. Analyse data and interpret the result.
C 25 B 23 A 20 D 20
A 19 D 19 C 21 B 18
B 19 A 14 D 17 C 20
D 17 C 20 B 21 A 15
9. Four varieties A, B, C and D of a fertilizer are tested in a randomized block design with four
replicants. The plot yields in pounds are as follows.
A 12 D 20 C 16 B 10
D 18 A 14 B 11 C 14
B 12 C 15 D 19 A 13
C 16 B 11 A 15 D 20
Analyse the experimental yield.

Standard Normal Distribution Table
0 z
z .00 .01 .02 .03 .04 .05 .06 .07 .08 .09
0.0 .0000 .0040 .0080 .0120 .0160 .0199 .0239 .0279 .0319 .0359
0.1 .0398 .0438 .0478 .0517 .0557 .0596 .0636 .0675 .0714 .0753
0.2 .0793 .0832 .0871 .0910 .0948 .0987 .1026 .1064 .1103 .1141
0.3 .1179 .1217 .1255 .1293 .1331 .1368 .1406 .1443 .1480 .1517
0.4 .1554 .1591 .1628 .1664 .1700 .1736 .1772 .1808 .1844 .1879
0.5 .1915 .1950 .1985 .2019 .2054 .2088 .2123 .2157 .2190 .2224
0.6 .2257 .2291 .2324 .2357 .2389 .2422 .2454 .2486 .2517 .2549
0.7 .2580 .2611 .2642 .2673 .2704 .2734 .2764 .2794 .2823 .2852
0.8 .2881 .2910 .2939 .2967 .2995 .3023 .3051 .3078 .3106 .3133
0.9 .3159 .3186 .3212 .3238 .3264 .3289 .3315 .3340 .3365 .3389
1.0 .3413 .3438 .3461 .3485 .3508 .3531 .3554 .3577 .3599 .3621
1.1 .3643 .3665 .3686 .3708 .3729 .3749 .3770 .3790 .3810 .3830
1.2 .3849 .3869 .3888 .3907 .3925 .3944 .3962 .3980 .3997 .4015
1.3 .4032 .4049 .4066 .4082 .4099 .4115 .4131 .4147 .4162 .4177
1.4 .4192 .4207 .4222 .4236 .4251 .4265 .4279 .4292 .4306 .4319
1.5 .4332 .4345 .4357 .4370 .4382 .4394 .4406 .4418 .4429 .4441
1.6 .4452 .4463 .4474 .4484 .4495 .4505 .4515 .4525 .4535 .4545
1.7 .4554 .4564 .4573 .4582 .4591 .4599 .4608 .4616 .4625 .4633
1.8 .4641 .4649 .4656 .4664 .4671 .4678 .4686 .4693 .4699 .4706
1.9 .4713 .4719 .4726 .4732 .4738 .4744 .4750 .4756 .4761 .4767
2.0 .4772 .4778 .4783 .4788 .4793 .4798 .4803 .4808 .4812 .4817
2.1 .4821 .4826 .4830 .4834 .4838 .4842 .4846 .4850 .4854 .4857
2.2 .4861 .4864 .4868 .4871 .4875 .4878 .4881 .4884 .4887 .4890
2.3 .4893 .4896 .4898 .4901 .4904 .4906 .4909 .4911 .4913 .4916
2.4 .4918 .4920 .4922 .4925 .4927 .4929 .4931 .4932 .4934 .4936
2.5 .4938 .4940 .4941 .4943 .4945 .4946 .4948 .4949 .4951 .4952
2.6 .4953 .4955 .4956 .4957 .4959 .4960 .4961 .4962 .4963 .4964
2.7 .4965 .4966 .4967 .4968 .4969 .4970 .4971 .4972 .4973 .4974
2.8 .4974 .4975 .4976 .4977 .4977 .4978 .4979 .4979 .4980 .4981
2.9 .4981 .4982 .4982 .4983 .4984 .4984 .4985 .4985 .4986 .4986
3.0 .4987 .4987 .4987 .4988 .4988 .4989 .4989 .4989 .4990 .4990
3.1 .4990 .4991 .4991 .4991 .4992 .4992 .4992 .4992 .4993 .4993
3.2 .4993 .4993 .4994 .4994 .4994 .4994 .4994 .4995 .4995 .4995
3.3 .4995 .4995 .4995 .4996 .4996 .4996 .4996 .4996 .4996 .4997
3.4 .4997 .4997 .4997 .4997 .4997 .4997 .4997 .4997 .4997 .4998
3.5 .4998 .4998 .4998 .4998 .4998 .4998 .4998 .4998 .4998 .4998
Gilles Cazelais. Typeset with LATEX on April 20, 2006.

t Table
cum. prob t .50 t .75 t .80 t .85 t .90 t .95 t .975 t .99 t .995 t .999 t .9995
one-tail 0.50 0.25 0.20 0.15 0.10 0.05 0.025 0.01 0.005 0.001 0.0005
two-tails 1.00 0.50 0.40 0.30 0.20 0.10 0.05 0.02 0.01 0.002 0.001
df
1 0.000 1.000 1.376 1.963 3.078 6.314 12.71 31.82 63.66 318.31 636.62
2 0.000 0.816 1.061 1.386 1.886 2.920 4.303 6.965 9.925 22.327 31.599
3 0.000 0.765 0.978 1.250 1.638 2.353 3.182 4.541 5.841 10.215 12.924
4 0.000 0.741 0.941 1.190 1.533 2.132 2.776 3.747 4.604 7.173 8.610
5 0.000 0.727 0.920 1.156 1.476 2.015 2.571 3.365 4.032 5.893 6.869
6 0.000 0.718 0.906 1.134 1.440 1.943 2.447 3.143 3.707 5.208 5.959
7 0.000 0.711 0.896 1.119 1.415 1.895 2.365 2.998 3.499 4.785 5.408
8 0.000 0.706 0.889 1.108 1.397 1.860 2.306 2.896 3.355 4.501 5.041
9 0.000 0.703 0.883 1.100 1.383 1.833 2.262 2.821 3.250 4.297 4.781
10 0.000 0.700 0.879 1.093 1.372 1.812 2.228 2.764 3.169 4.144 4.587
11 0.000 0.697 0.876 1.088 1.363 1.796 2.201 2.718 3.106 4.025 4.437
12 0.000 0.695 0.873 1.083 1.356 1.782 2.179 2.681 3.055 3.930 4.318
13 0.000 0.694 0.870 1.079 1.350 1.771 2.160 2.650 3.012 3.852 4.221
14 0.000 0.692 0.868 1.076 1.345 1.761 2.145 2.624 2.977 3.787 4.140
15 0.000 0.691 0.866 1.074 1.341 1.753 2.131 2.602 2.947 3.733 4.073
16 0.000 0.690 0.865 1.071 1.337 1.746 2.120 2.583 2.921 3.686 4.015
17 0.000 0.689 0.863 1.069 1.333 1.740 2.110 2.567 2.898 3.646 3.965
18 0.000 0.688 0.862 1.067 1.330 1.734 2.101 2.552 2.878 3.610 3.922
19 0.000 0.688 0.861 1.066 1.328 1.729 2.093 2.539 2.861 3.579 3.883
20 0.000 0.687 0.860 1.064 1.325 1.725 2.086 2.528 2.845 3.552 3.850
21 0.000 0.686 0.859 1.063 1.323 1.721 2.080 2.518 2.831 3.527 3.819
22 0.000 0.686 0.858 1.061 1.321 1.717 2.074 2.508 2.819 3.505 3.792
23 0.000 0.685 0.858 1.060 1.319 1.714 2.069 2.500 2.807 3.485 3.768
24 0.000 0.685 0.857 1.059 1.318 1.711 2.064 2.492 2.797 3.467 3.745
25 0.000 0.684 0.856 1.058 1.316 1.708 2.060 2.485 2.787 3.450 3.725
26 0.000 0.684 0.856 1.058 1.315 1.706 2.056 2.479 2.779 3.435 3.707
27 0.000 0.684 0.855 1.057 1.314 1.703 2.052 2.473 2.771 3.421 3.690
28 0.000 0.683 0.855 1.056 1.313 1.701 2.048 2.467 2.763 3.408 3.674
29 0.000 0.683 0.854 1.055 1.311 1.699 2.045 2.462 2.756 3.396 3.659
30 0.000 0.683 0.854 1.055 1.310 1.697 2.042 2.457 2.750 3.385 3.646
40 0.000 0.681 0.851 1.050 1.303 1.684 2.021 2.423 2.704 3.307 3.551
60 0.000 0.679 0.848 1.045 1.296 1.671 2.000 2.390 2.660 3.232 3.460
80 0.000 0.678 0.846 1.043 1.292 1.664 1.990 2.374 2.639 3.195 3.416
100 0.000 0.677 0.845 1.042 1.290 1.660 1.984 2.364 2.626 3.174 3.390
1000 0.000 0.675 0.842 1.037 1.282 1.646 1.962 2.330 2.581 3.098 3.300
z 0.000 0.674 0.842 1.036 1.282 1.645 1.960 2.326 2.576 3.090 3.291
0% 50% 60% 70% 80% 90% 95% 98% 99% 99.8% 99.9%
Confidence Level
t-table.xls 7/14/2007
Chi-square Distribution Table
d.f. .995 .99 .975 .95 .9 .1 .05 .025 .01

1 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.02 2.71 3.84 5.02 6.63
2 0.01 0.02 0.05 0.10 0.21 4.61 5.99 7.38 9.21
3 0.07 0.11 0.22 0.35 0.58 6.25 7.81 9.35 11.34
4 0.21 0.30 0.48 0.71 1.06 7.78 9.49 11.14 13.28
5 0.41 0.55 0.83 1.15 1.61 9.24 11.07 12.83 15.09
6 0.68 0.87 1.24 1.64 2.20 10.64 12.59 14.45 16.81
7 0.99 1.24 1.69 2.17 2.83 12.02 14.07 16.01 18.48
8 1.34 1.65 2.18 2.73 3.49 13.36 15.51 17.53 20.09
9 1.73 2.09 2.70 3.33 4.17 14.68 16.92 19.02 21.67
10 2.16 2.56 3.25 3.94 4.87 15.99 18.31 20.48 23.21
11 2.60 3.05 3.82 4.57 5.58 17.28 19.68 21.92 24.72
12 3.07 3.57 4.40 5.23 6.30 18.55 21.03 23.34 26.22
13 3.57 4.11 5.01 5.89 7.04 19.81 22.36 24.74 27.69
14 4.07 4.66 5.63 6.57 7.79 21.06 23.68 26.12 29.14
15 4.60 5.23 6.26 7.26 8.55 22.31 25.00 27.49 30.58
16 5.14 5.81 6.91 7.96 9.31 23.54 26.30 28.85 32.00
17 5.70 6.41 7.56 8.67 10.09 24.77 27.59 30.19 33.41
18 6.26 7.01 8.23 9.39 10.86 25.99 28.87 31.53 34.81
19 6.84 7.63 8.91 10.12 11.65 27.20 30.14 32.85 36.19
20 7.43 8.26 9.59 10.85 12.44 28.41 31.41 34.17 37.57
22 8.64 9.54 10.98 12.34 14.04 30.81 33.92 36.78 40.29
24 9.89 10.86 12.40 13.85 15.66 33.20 36.42 39.36 42.98
26 11.16 12.20 13.84 15.38 17.29 35.56 38.89 41.92 45.64
28 12.46 13.56 15.31 16.93 18.94 37.92 41.34 44.46 48.28
30 13.79 14.95 16.79 18.49 20.60 40.26 43.77 46.98 50.89
32 15.13 16.36 18.29 20.07 22.27 42.58 46.19 49.48 53.49
34 16.50 17.79 19.81 21.66 23.95 44.90 48.60 51.97 56.06
38 19.29 20.69 22.88 24.88 27.34 49.51 53.38 56.90 61.16
42 22.14 23.65 26.00 28.14 30.77 54.09 58.12 61.78 66.21
46 25.04 26.66 29.16 31.44 34.22 58.64 62.83 66.62 71.20
50 27.99 29.71 32.36 34.76 37.69 63.17 67.50 71.42 76.15
55 31.73 33.57 36.40 38.96 42.06 68.80 73.31 77.38 82.29
60 35.53 37.48 40.48 43.19 46.46 74.40 79.08 83.30 88.38
65 39.38 41.44 44.60 47.45 50.88 79.97 84.82 89.18 94.42
70 43.28 45.44 48.76 51.74 55.33 85.53 90.53 95.02 100.43
75 47.21 49.48 52.94 56.05 59.79 91.06 96.22 100.84 106.39
80 51.17 53.54 57.15 60.39 64.28 96.58 101.88 106.63 112.33
85 55.17 57.63 61.39 64.75 68.78 102.08 107.52 112.39 118.24
90 59.20 61.75 65.65 69.13 73.29 107.57 113.15 118.14 124.12
95 63.25 65.90 69.92 73.52 77.82 113.04 118.75 123.86 129.97
100 67.33 70.06 74.22 77.93 82.36 118.50 124.34 129.56 135.81
1
F-table 0.01
Table of F-statistics P=0.01
df2 df1/
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 22 24 26 28 30 35 40 45 50 60 70 80 100 200 500 1000 >1000
\df1 df2
3 34.12 30.82 29.46 28.71 28.24 27.91 27.67 27.49 27.35 27.23 27.13 27.05 26.98 26.92 26.87 26.83 26.79 26.75 26.72 26.69 26.64 26.60 26.56 26.53 26.50 26.45 26.41 26.38 26.35 26.32 26.29 26.27 26.24 26.18 26.15 26.13 26.15 3
4 21.20 18.00 16.69 15.98 15.52 15.21 14.98 14.80 14.66 14.55 14.45 14.37 14.31 14.25 14.20 14.15 14.11 14.08 14.05 14.02 13.97 13.93 13.89 13.86 13.84 13.79 13.75 13.71 13.69 13.65 13.63 13.61 13.58 13.52 13.49 13.47 13.47 4
5 16.26 13.27 12.06 11.39 10.97 10.67 10.46 10.29 10.16 10.05 9.96 9.89 9.82 9.77 9.72 9.68 9.64 9.61 9.58 9.55 9.51 9.47 9.43 9.40 9.38 9.33 9.29 9.26 9.24 9.20 9.18 9.16 9.13 9.08 9.04 9.03 9.02 5
6 13.75 10.92 9.78 9.15 8.75 8.47 8.26 8.10 7.98 7.87 7.79 7.72 7.66 7.61 7.56 7.52 7.48 7.45 7.42 7.40 7.35 7.31 7.28 7.25 7.23 7.18 7.14 7.11 7.09 7.06 7.03 7.01 6.99 6.93 6.90 6.89 6.89 6
7 12.25 9.55 8.45 7.85 7.46 7.19 6.99 6.84 6.72 6.62 6.54 6.47 6.41 6.36 6.31 6.28 6.24 6.21 6.18 6.16 6.11 6.07 6.04 6.02 5.99 5.94 5.91 5.88 5.86 5.82 5.80 5.78 5.75 5.70 5.67 5.66 5.65 7
8 11.26 8.65 7.59 7.01 6.63 6.37 6.18 6.03 5.91 5.81 5.73 5.67 5.61 5.56 5.52 5.48 5.44 5.41 5.38 5.36 5.32 5.28 5.25 5.22 5.20 5.15 5.12 5.09 5.07 5.03 5.01 4.99 4.96 4.91 4.88 4.87 4.86 8
9 10.56 8.02 6.99 6.42 6.06 5.80 5.61 5.47 5.35 5.26 5.18 5.11 5.05 5.01 4.96 4.92 4.89 4.86 4.83 4.81 4.77 4.73 4.70 4.67 4.65 4.60 4.57 4.54 4.52 4.48 4.46 4.44 4.42 4.36 4.33 4.32 4.32 9
10 10.04 7.56 6.55 5.99 5.64 5.39 5.20 5.06 4.94 4.85 4.77 4.71 4.65 4.60 4.56 4.52 4.49 4.46 4.43 4.41 4.36 4.33 4.30 4.27 4.25 4.20 4.17 4.14 4.12 4.08 4.06 4.04 4.01 3.96 3.93 3.92 3.91 10
11 9.65 7.21 6.22 5.67 5.32 5.07 4.89 4.74 4.63 4.54 4.46 4.40 4.34 4.29 4.25 4.21 4.18 4.15 4.12 4.10 4.06 4.02 3.99 3.96 3.94 3.89 3.86 3.83 3.81 3.78 3.75 3.73 3.71 3.66 3.62 3.61 3.60 11
12 9.33 6.93 5.95 5.41 5.06 4.82 4.64 4.50 4.39 4.30 4.22 4.16 4.10 4.05 4.01 3.97 3.94 3.91 3.88 3.86 3.82 3.78 3.75 3.72 3.70 3.65 3.62 3.59 3.57 3.54 3.51 3.49 3.47 3.41 3.38 3.37 3.36 12
13 9.07 6.70 5.74 5.21 4.86 4.62 4.44 4.30 4.19 4.10 4.02 3.96 3.91 3.86 3.82 3.78 3.75 3.72 3.69 3.66 3.62 3.59 3.56 3.53 3.51 3.46 3.43 3.40 3.38 3.34 3.32 3.30 3.27 3.22 3.19 3.18 3.17 13
14 8.86 6.51 5.56 5.04 4.70 4.46 4.28 4.14 4.03 3.94 3.86 3.80 3.75 3.70 3.66 3.62 3.59 3.56 3.53 3.51 3.46 3.43 3.40 3.37 3.35 3.30 3.27 3.24 3.22 3.18 3.16 3.14 3.11 3.06 3.03 3.01 3.01 14
15 8.68 6.36 5.42 4.89 4.56 4.32 4.14 4.00 3.89 3.80 3.73 3.67 3.61 3.56 3.52 3.49 3.45 3.42 3.40 3.37 3.33 3.29 3.26 3.24 3.21 3.17 3.13 3.10 3.08 3.05 3.02 3.00 2.98 2.92 2.89 2.88 2.87 15
16 8.53 6.23 5.29 4.77 4.44 4.20 4.03 3.89 3.78 3.69 3.62 3.55 3.50 3.45 3.41 3.37 3.34 3.31 3.28 3.26 3.22 3.18 3.15 3.12 3.10 3.05 3.02 2.99 2.97 2.93 2.91 2.89 2.86 2.81 2.78 2.76 2.75 16
17 8.40 6.11 5.19 4.67 4.34 4.10 3.93 3.79 3.68 3.59 3.52 3.46 3.40 3.35 3.31 3.27 3.24 3.21 3.19 3.16 3.12 3.08 3.05 3.03 3.00 2.96 2.92 2.89 2.87 2.83 2.81 2.79 2.76 2.71 2.68 2.66 2.65 17
18 8.29 6.01 5.09 4.58 4.25 4.01 3.84 3.71 3.60 3.51 3.43 3.37 3.32 3.27 3.23 3.19 3.16 3.13 3.10 3.08 3.03 3.00 2.97 2.94 2.92 2.87 2.84 2.81 2.78 2.75 2.72 2.71 2.68 2.62 2.59 2.58 2.57 18
19 8.19 5.93 5.01 4.50 4.17 3.94 3.77 3.63 3.52 3.43 3.36 3.30 3.24 3.19 3.15 3.12 3.08 3.05 3.03 3.00 2.96 2.92 2.89 2.87 2.84 2.80 2.76 2.73 2.71 2.67 2.65 2.63 2.60 2.55 2.51 2.50 2.49 19
20 8.10 5.85 4.94 4.43 4.10 3.87 3.70 3.56 3.46 3.37 3.29 3.23 3.18 3.13 3.09 3.05 3.02 2.99 2.96 2.94 2.90 2.86 2.83 2.80 2.78 2.73 2.69 2.67 2.64 2.61 2.58 2.56 2.54 2.48 2.44 2.43 2.42 20
22 7.95 5.72 4.82 4.31 3.99 3.76 3.59 3.45 3.35 3.26 3.18 3.12 3.07 3.02 2.98 2.94 2.91 2.88 2.85 2.83 2.78 2.75 2.72 2.69 2.67 2.62 2.58 2.55 2.53 2.50 2.47 2.45 2.42 2.36 2.33 2.32 2.31 22
24 7.82 5.61 4.72 4.22 3.90 3.67 3.50 3.36 3.26 3.17 3.09 3.03 2.98 2.93 2.89 2.85 2.82 2.79 2.76 2.74 2.70 2.66 2.63 2.60 2.58 2.53 2.49 2.46 2.44 2.40 2.38 2.36 2.33 2.27 2.24 2.22 2.21 24
26 7.72 5.53 4.64 4.14 3.82 3.59 3.42 3.29 3.18 3.09 3.02 2.96 2.90 2.86 2.82 2.78 2.75 2.72 2.69 2.66 2.62 2.58 2.55 2.53 2.50 2.45 2.42 2.39 2.36 2.33 2.30 2.28 2.25 2.19 2.16 2.14 2.13 26
28 7.64 5.45 4.57 4.07 3.75 3.53 3.36 3.23 3.12 3.03 2.96 2.90 2.84 2.79 2.75 2.72 2.68 2.65 2.63 2.60 2.56 2.52 2.49 2.46 2.44 2.39 2.35 2.32 2.30 2.26 2.24 2.22 2.19 2.13 2.09 2.08 2.07 28
30 7.56 5.39 4.51 4.02 3.70 3.47 3.30 3.17 3.07 2.98 2.91 2.84 2.79 2.74 2.70 2.66 2.63 2.60 2.57 2.55 2.51 2.47 2.44 2.41 2.39 2.34 2.30 2.27 2.25 2.21 2.18 2.16 2.13 2.07 2.03 2.02 2.01 30
35 7.42 5.27 4.40 3.91 3.59 3.37 3.20 3.07 2.96 2.88 2.80 2.74 2.69 2.64 2.60 2.56 2.53 2.50 2.47 2.44 2.40 2.36 2.33 2.31 2.28 2.23 2.19 2.16 2.14 2.10 2.07 2.05 2.02 1.96 1.92 1.90 1.89 35
40 7.31 5.18 4.31 3.83 3.51 3.29 3.12 2.99 2.89 2.80 2.73 2.66 2.61 2.56 2.52 2.48 2.45 2.42 2.39 2.37 2.33 2.29 2.26 2.23 2.20 2.15 2.11 2.08 2.06 2.02 1.99 1.97 1.94 1.87 1.83 1.82 1.81 40
45 7.23 5.11 4.25 3.77 3.45 3.23 3.07 2.94 2.83 2.74 2.67 2.61 2.55 2.51 2.46 2.43 2.39 2.36 2.34 2.31 2.27 2.23 2.20 2.17 2.14 2.09 2.05 2.02 2.00 1.96 1.93 1.91 1.88 1.81 1.77 1.75 1.74 45
50 7.17 5.06 4.20 3.72 3.41 3.19 3.02 2.89 2.79 2.70 2.63 2.56 2.51 2.46 2.42 2.38 2.35 2.32 2.29 2.27 2.22 2.18 2.15 2.12 2.10 2.05 2.01 1.97 1.95 1.91 1.88 1.86 1.82 1.76 1.71 1.70 1.69 50
60 7.08 4.98 4.13 3.65 3.34 3.12 2.95 2.82 2.72 2.63 2.56 2.50 2.44 2.39 2.35 2.31 2.28 2.25 2.22 2.20 2.15 2.12 2.08 2.05 2.03 1.98 1.94 1.90 1.88 1.84 1.81 1.78 1.75 1.68 1.63 1.62 1.60 60
70 7.01 4.92 4.07 3.60 3.29 3.07 2.91 2.78 2.67 2.59 2.51 2.45 2.40 2.35 2.31 2.27 2.23 2.20 2.18 2.15 2.11 2.07 2.03 2.01 1.98 1.93 1.89 1.85 1.83 1.78 1.75 1.73 1.70 1.62 1.57 1.56 1.54 70
80 6.96 4.88 4.04 3.56 3.26 3.04 2.87 2.74 2.64 2.55 2.48 2.42 2.36 2.31 2.27 2.23 2.20 2.17 2.14 2.12 2.07 2.03 2.00 1.97 1.94 1.89 1.85 1.82 1.79 1.75 1.71 1.69 1.65 1.58 1.53 1.51 1.50 80
100 6.90 4.82 3.98 3.51 3.21 2.99 2.82 2.69 2.59 2.50 2.43 2.37 2.31 2.27 2.22 2.19 2.15 2.12 2.09 2.07 2.02 1.98 1.95 1.92 1.89 1.84 1.80 1.76 1.74 1.69 1.66 1.63 1.60 1.52 1.47 1.45 1.43 100
200 6.76 4.71 3.88 3.41 3.11 2.89 2.73 2.60 2.50 2.41 2.34 2.27 2.22 2.17 2.13 2.09 2.06 2.03 2.00 1.97 1.93 1.89 1.85 1.82 1.79 1.74 1.69 1.66 1.63 1.58 1.55 1.52 1.48 1.39 1.33 1.30 1.28 200
500 6.69 4.65 3.82 3.36 3.05 2.84 2.68 2.55 2.44 2.36 2.28 2.22 2.17 2.12 2.07 2.04 2.00 1.97 1.94 1.92 1.87 1.83 1.79 1.76 1.74 1.68 1.63 1.60 1.57 1.52 1.48 1.45 1.41 1.31 1.23 1.20 1.17 500
1000 6.66 4.63 3.80 3.34 3.04 2.82 2.66 2.53 2.43 2.34 2.27 2.20 2.15 2.10 2.06 2.02 1.98 1.95 1.92 1.90 1.85 1.81 1.77 1.74 1.72 1.66 1.61 1.58 1.54 1.50 1.46 1.43 1.38 1.28 1.19 1.16 1.12 1000
>1000 1.04 4.61 3.78 3.32 3.02 2.80 2.64 2.51 2.41 2.32 2.25 2.19 2.13 2.08 2.04 2.00 1.97 1.94 1.91 1.88 1.83 1.79 1.76 1.73 1.70 1.64 1.59 1.56 1.53 1.48 1.44 1.41 1.36 1.25 1.16 1.11 1.05 >1000
df2/ df1
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 22 24 26 28 30 35 40 45 50 60 70 80 100 200 500 1000 >1000
df1 \df2
F-table 0.05
Table of F-statistics P=0.05
df2 df1/
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 22 24 26 28 30 35 40 45 50 60 70 80 100 200 500 1000 >1000
\df1 df2
3 10.13 9.55 9.28 9.12 9.01 8.94 8.89 8.85 8.81 8.79 8.76 8.74 8.73 8.71 8.70 8.69 8.68 8.67 8.67 8.66 8.65 8.64 8.63 8.62 8.62 8.60 8.59 8.59 8.58 8.57 8.57 8.56 8.55 8.54 8.53 8.53 8.54 3
4 7.71 6.94 6.59 6.39 6.26 6.16 6.09 6.04 6.00 5.96 5.94 5.91 5.89 5.87 5.86 5.84 5.83 5.82 5.81 5.80 5.79 5.77 5.76 5.75 5.75 5.73 5.72 5.71 5.70 5.69 5.68 5.67 5.66 5.65 5.64 5.63 5.63 4
5 6.61 5.79 5.41 5.19 5.05 4.95 4.88 4.82 4.77 4.74 4.70 4.68 4.66 4.64 4.62 4.60 4.59 4.58 4.57 4.56 4.54 4.53 4.52 4.50 4.50 4.48 4.46 4.45 4.44 4.43 4.42 4.42 4.41 4.39 4.37 4.37 4.36 5
6 5.99 5.14 4.76 4.53 4.39 4.28 4.21 4.15 4.10 4.06 4.03 4.00 3.98 3.96 3.94 3.92 3.91 3.90 3.88 3.87 3.86 3.84 3.83 3.82 3.81 3.79 3.77 3.76 3.75 3.74 3.73 3.72 3.71 3.69 3.68 3.67 3.67 6
7 5.59 4.74 4.35 4.12 3.97 3.87 3.79 3.73 3.68 3.64 3.60 3.57 3.55 3.53 3.51 3.49 3.48 3.47 3.46 3.44 3.43 3.41 3.40 3.39 3.38 3.36 3.34 3.33 3.32 3.30 3.29 3.29 3.27 3.25 3.24 3.23 3.23 7
8 5.32 4.46 4.07 3.84 3.69 3.58 3.50 3.44 3.39 3.35 3.31 3.28 3.26 3.24 3.22 3.20 3.19 3.17 3.16 3.15 3.13 3.12 3.10 3.09 3.08 3.06 3.04 3.03 3.02 3.01 2.99 2.99 2.97 2.95 2.94 2.93 2.93 8
9 5.12 4.26 3.86 3.63 3.48 3.37 3.29 3.23 3.18 3.14 3.10 3.07 3.05 3.03 3.01 2.99 2.97 2.96 2.95 2.94 2.92 2.90 2.89 2.87 2.86 2.84 2.83 2.81 2.80 2.79 2.78 2.77 2.76 2.73 2.72 2.71 2.71 9
10 4.96 4.10 3.71 3.48 3.33 3.22 3.14 3.07 3.02 2.98 2.94 2.91 2.89 2.86 2.85 2.83 2.81 2.80 2.79 2.77 2.75 2.74 2.72 2.71 2.70 2.68 2.66 2.65 2.64 2.62 2.61 2.60 2.59 2.56 2.55 2.54 2.54 10
11 4.84 3.98 3.59 3.36 3.20 3.09 3.01 2.95 2.90 2.85 2.82 2.79 2.76 2.74 2.72 2.70 2.69 2.67 2.66 2.65 2.63 2.61 2.59 2.58 2.57 2.55 2.53 2.52 2.51 2.49 2.48 2.47 2.46 2.43 2.42 2.41 2.41 11
12 4.75 3.89 3.49 3.26 3.11 3.00 2.91 2.85 2.80 2.75 2.72 2.69 2.66 2.64 2.62 2.60 2.58 2.57 2.56 2.54 2.52 2.51 2.49 2.48 2.47 2.44 2.43 2.41 2.40 2.38 2.37 2.36 2.35 2.32 2.31 2.30 2.30 12
13 4.67 3.81 3.41 3.18 3.03 2.92 2.83 2.77 2.71 2.67 2.63 2.60 2.58 2.55 2.53 2.51 2.50 2.48 2.47 2.46 2.44 2.42 2.41 2.39 2.38 2.36 2.34 2.33 2.31 2.30 2.28 2.27 2.26 2.23 2.22 2.21 2.21 13
14 4.60 3.74 3.34 3.11 2.96 2.85 2.76 2.70 2.65 2.60 2.57 2.53 2.51 2.48 2.46 2.44 2.43 2.41 2.40 2.39 2.37 2.35 2.33 2.32 2.31 2.28 2.27 2.25 2.24 2.22 2.21 2.20 2.19 2.16 2.14 2.14 2.13 14
15 4.54 3.68 3.29 3.06 2.90 2.79 2.71 2.64 2.59 2.54 2.51 2.48 2.45 2.42 2.40 2.38 2.37 2.35 2.34 2.33 2.31 2.29 2.27 2.26 2.25 2.22 2.20 2.19 2.18 2.16 2.15 2.14 2.12 2.10 2.08 2.07 2.07 15
16 4.49 3.63 3.24 3.01 2.85 2.74 2.66 2.59 2.54 2.49 2.46 2.42 2.40 2.37 2.35 2.33 2.32 2.30 2.29 2.28 2.25 2.24 2.22 2.21 2.19 2.17 2.15 2.14 2.12 2.11 2.09 2.08 2.07 2.04 2.02 2.02 2.01 16
17 4.45 3.59 3.20 2.96 2.81 2.70 2.61 2.55 2.49 2.45 2.41 2.38 2.35 2.33 2.31 2.29 2.27 2.26 2.24 2.23 2.21 2.19 2.17 2.16 2.15 2.12 2.10 2.09 2.08 2.06 2.05 2.03 2.02 1.99 1.97 1.97 1.96 17
18 4.41 3.55 3.16 2.93 2.77 2.66 2.58 2.51 2.46 2.41 2.37 2.34 2.31 2.29 2.27 2.25 2.23 2.22 2.20 2.19 2.17 2.15 2.13 2.12 2.11 2.08 2.06 2.05 2.04 2.02 2.00 1.99 1.98 1.95 1.93 1.92 1.92 18
19 4.38 3.52 3.13 2.90 2.74 2.63 2.54 2.48 2.42 2.38 2.34 2.31 2.28 2.26 2.23 2.21 2.20 2.18 2.17 2.16 2.13 2.11 2.10 2.08 2.07 2.05 2.03 2.01 2.00 1.98 1.97 1.96 1.94 1.91 1.89 1.88 1.88 19
20 4.35 3.49 3.10 2.87 2.71 2.60 2.51 2.45 2.39 2.35 2.31 2.28 2.25 2.23 2.20 2.18 2.17 2.15 2.14 2.12 2.10 2.08 2.07 2.05 2.04 2.01 1.99 1.98 1.97 1.95 1.93 1.92 1.91 1.88 1.86 1.85 1.84 20
22 4.30 3.44 3.05 2.82 2.66 2.55 2.46 2.40 2.34 2.30 2.26 2.23 2.20 2.17 2.15 2.13 2.11 2.10 2.08 2.07 2.05 2.03 2.01 2.00 1.98 1.96 1.94 1.92 1.91 1.89 1.88 1.86 1.85 1.82 1.80 1.79 1.78 22
24 4.26 3.40 3.01 2.78 2.62 2.51 2.42 2.36 2.30 2.25 2.22 2.18 2.15 2.13 2.11 2.09 2.07 2.05 2.04 2.03 2.00 1.98 1.97 1.95 1.94 1.91 1.89 1.88 1.86 1.84 1.83 1.82 1.80 1.77 1.75 1.74 1.73 24
26 4.23 3.37 2.98 2.74 2.59 2.47 2.39 2.32 2.27 2.22 2.18 2.15 2.12 2.09 2.07 2.05 2.03 2.02 2.00 1.99 1.97 1.95 1.93 1.91 1.90 1.87 1.85 1.84 1.82 1.80 1.79 1.78 1.76 1.73 1.71 1.70 1.69 26
28 4.20 3.34 2.95 2.71 2.56 2.45 2.36 2.29 2.24 2.19 2.15 2.12 2.09 2.06 2.04 2.02 2.00 1.99 1.97 1.96 1.93 1.91 1.90 1.88 1.87 1.84 1.82 1.80 1.79 1.77 1.75 1.74 1.73 1.69 1.67 1.66 1.66 28
30 4.17 3.32 2.92 2.69 2.53 2.42 2.33 2.27 2.21 2.16 2.13 2.09 2.06 2.04 2.01 1.99 1.98 1.96 1.95 1.93 1.91 1.89 1.87 1.85 1.84 1.81 1.79 1.77 1.76 1.74 1.72 1.71 1.70 1.66 1.64 1.63 1.62 30
35 4.12 3.27 2.87 2.64 2.49 2.37 2.29 2.22 2.16 2.11 2.08 2.04 2.01 1.99 1.96 1.94 1.92 1.91 1.89 1.88 1.85 1.83 1.82 1.80 1.79 1.76 1.74 1.72 1.70 1.68 1.66 1.65 1.63 1.60 1.57 1.57 1.56 35
40 4.08 3.23 2.84 2.61 2.45 2.34 2.25 2.18 2.12 2.08 2.04 2.00 1.97 1.95 1.92 1.90 1.89 1.87 1.85 1.84 1.81 1.79 1.77 1.76 1.74 1.72 1.69 1.67 1.66 1.64 1.62 1.61 1.59 1.55 1.53 1.52 1.51 40
45 4.06 3.20 2.81 2.58 2.42 2.31 2.22 2.15 2.10 2.05 2.01 1.97 1.94 1.92 1.89 1.87 1.86 1.84 1.82 1.81 1.78 1.76 1.74 1.73 1.71 1.68 1.66 1.64 1.63 1.60 1.59 1.57 1.55 1.51 1.49 1.48 1.47 45
50 4.03 3.18 2.79 2.56 2.40 2.29 2.20 2.13 2.07 2.03 1.99 1.95 1.92 1.89 1.87 1.85 1.83 1.81 1.80 1.78 1.76 1.74 1.72 1.70 1.69 1.66 1.63 1.61 1.60 1.58 1.56 1.54 1.52 1.48 1.46 1.45 1.44 50
60 4.00 3.15 2.76 2.53 2.37 2.25 2.17 2.10 2.04 1.99 1.95 1.92 1.89 1.86 1.84 1.82 1.80 1.78 1.76 1.75 1.72 1.70 1.68 1.66 1.65 1.62 1.59 1.57 1.56 1.53 1.52 1.50 1.48 1.44 1.41 1.40 1.39 60
70 3.98 3.13 2.74 2.50 2.35 2.23 2.14 2.07 2.02 1.97 1.93 1.89 1.86 1.84 1.81 1.79 1.77 1.75 1.74 1.72 1.70 1.67 1.65 1.64 1.62 1.59 1.57 1.55 1.53 1.50 1.49 1.47 1.45 1.40 1.37 1.36 1.35 70
80 3.96 3.11 2.72 2.49 2.33 2.21 2.13 2.06 2.00 1.95 1.91 1.88 1.84 1.82 1.79 1.77 1.75 1.73 1.72 1.70 1.68 1.65 1.63 1.62 1.60 1.57 1.54 1.52 1.51 1.48 1.46 1.45 1.43 1.38 1.35 1.34 1.33 80
100 3.94 3.09 2.70 2.46 2.31 2.19 2.10 2.03 1.97 1.93 1.89 1.85 1.82 1.79 1.77 1.75 1.73 1.71 1.69 1.68 1.65 1.63 1.61 1.59 1.57 1.54 1.52 1.49 1.48 1.45 1.43 1.41 1.39 1.34 1.31 1.30 1.28 100
200 3.89 3.04 2.65 2.42 2.26 2.14 2.06 1.98 1.93 1.88 1.84 1.80 1.77 1.74 1.72 1.69 1.67 1.66 1.64 1.62 1.60 1.57 1.55 1.53 1.52 1.48 1.46 1.43 1.41 1.39 1.36 1.35 1.32 1.26 1.22 1.21 1.19 200
500 3.86 3.01 2.62 2.39 2.23 2.12 2.03 1.96 1.90 1.85 1.81 1.77 1.74 1.71 1.69 1.66 1.64 1.62 1.61 1.59 1.56 1.54 1.52 1.50 1.48 1.45 1.42 1.40 1.38 1.35 1.32 1.30 1.28 1.21 1.16 1.14 1.12 500
1000 3.85 3.00 2.61 2.38 2.22 2.11 2.02 1.95 1.89 1.84 1.80 1.76 1.73 1.70 1.68 1.65 1.63 1.61 1.60 1.58 1.55 1.53 1.51 1.49 1.47 1.43 1.41 1.38 1.36 1.33 1.31 1.29 1.26 1.19 1.13 1.11 1.08 1000
>1000 1.04 3.00 2.61 2.37 2.21 2.10 2.01 1.94 1.88 1.83 1.79 1.75 1.72 1.69 1.67 1.64 1.62 1.61 1.59 1.57 1.54 1.52 1.50 1.48 1.46 1.42 1.40 1.37 1.35 1.32 1.30 1.28 1.25 1.17 1.11 1.08 1.03 >1000
df2/ df1
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 22 24 26 28 30 35 40 45 50 60 70 80 100 200 500 1000 >1000
df1 \df2

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Useful Formulas 1

SRI RAMAKRISHNA INSTITUTE OF TECHNOLOGY

M. Vijaya Kumar / AP / S & H / SRIT

M. Vijaya Kumar / AP / S & H / SRIT

M. Vijaya Kumar / AP / S & H / SRIT

Exact values of trigonometric functions

Basic Algebraic formulas

M. Vijaya Kumar / AP / S & H / SRIT

M. Vijaya Kumar / AP / S & H / SRIT

SRIT / Maths / M. Vijaya Kumar 1

Find (i). the value of (ii). Distribution function of (iii). ( ).

SRIT / Maths / M. Vijaya Kumar 2

The distribution function of a random variable is given by ( )

SRIT / Maths / M. Vijaya Kumar 3

And hence find its mean and variance.

Find its moment. Hence evaluate [( ) ].

Find the moment generating function having the PDF ( ) { .

SRIT / Maths / M. Vijaya Kumar 4

SRIT / Maths / M. Vijaya Kumar 5

The number of monthly breakdowns of a computer is a random variable having a Poisson

SRIT / Maths / M. Vijaya Kumar 6

SRIT / Maths / M. Vijaya Kumar 7

SRIT / Maths / M. Vijaya Kumar 8

ii. anywhere from 30.0 to 40.0 cc/mim.

SRIT / Maths / M. Vijaya Kumar 9

Also find the conditional densities of on and on .

SRIT / Maths / M. Vijaya Kumar 10

iii. Find the correlation co efficient of and .

SRIT / Maths / M. Vijaya Kumar 11

Let and be random variables having joint probability density function

and are independent?

and the correlation coefficient.

SRIT / Maths / M. Vijaya Kumar 12

SRIT / Maths / M. Vijaya Kumar 13

Are and independent?

SRIT / Maths / M. Vijaya Kumar 14

SRIT / Maths / M. Vijaya Kumar 15

SRIT / Maths / M. Vijaya Kumar 16

SRIT / Maths / M. Vijaya Kumar 17

SRIT / Maths / M. Vijaya Kumar 18

No. of persons Drug No drug Total

SRIT / Maths / M. Vijaya Kumar 19

SRIT / Maths / M. Vijaya Kumar 20

SRIT / Maths / M. Vijaya Kumar 21

SRIT / Maths / M. Vijaya Kumar 22

SRIT / Maths / M. Vijaya Kumar 23

SRIT / Maths / M. Vijaya Kumar 24

SRIT / Maths / M. Vijaya Kumar 25

Mixture 2 0.72 0.69 0.87 0.78 0.91

SRIT / Maths / M. Vijaya Kumar 26

SRIT / Maths / M. Vijaya Kumar 27

Gilles Cazelais. Typeset with LATEX on April 20, 2006.

d.f. .995 .99 .975 .95 .9 .1 .05 .025 .01

Table of F-statistics P=0.01

Table of F-statistics P=0.05

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P & S Questions and Tables

P & S Questions and Tables