Calculus 3

Chapter 1: Complex Analysis

1. Cauchy-Riemann and Laplace Equation
Given that: ( ) , where are functions of or .
Cauchy-Riemann equation

{ ( )

{
If are differentiable and satisfy equation then:
 is differentiable at and ( ) ( ) ( )
 is an analytic function
If ( ) ( ) ( ) is analytic in domain , then both ( ) and ( )
satisfy the Laplace equations:

{ ( )

2. Basic formulas
Conversion of complex number between rectangular form and polar form
( )

√
{ {

Complex number in exponential form

( )

Euler's formula

Complex -th exponential

( )

Complex -th roots

√ √ ( )
( )

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Calculus 3
3. Laurent Series
Laurent series

( ) ∑ ( )

Power series

∑ | |

Consequences of power series

1. ∑( ) (| | )

2. ∑. / (| | )

3. ∑( ) (| | )
( )

4. ∑( ) (| | )

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Calculus 3
Chapter 2: Laplace Transform
1. Definition
If ( ) is continuous and there are positive numbers M, a such that | ( )| ,
for all . Then ( ) * ( )+ is defined for all .

* ( )+ ∫ ( ) ( )

2. Properties
( ) * ( ) ( )+ ( ) * ( ) ( )+

( ) . / ( ) ( )
| |

( ) ( ) ( ) ( ) ( ) ( )
( )

( ) ( ) ( ) ( )( ) ( ) ( )

( )
( ) ( ) ( ) ( ) ∫ ( )

( ) ( ) ( )
( ) ( ) ∫ ( ) ( ) ( ) ( )

3. Formulas
( ) * ( ) ( )+ ( ) * ( ) ( )+

( )

( )

( )

( )

( )

( )

( ) ( )

4. Initial and Final Value Theorem

Initial-value theorem

( ) ( ) ( ) ( )

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Calculus 3
Final-value theorem

( ) ( ) ( )

5. Heaviside – Unit step function

Given a piecewise-continuous function
( ) ( )
( ) ( )
( ) {
( ) ( )

1. Express the piecewise-continuous function using the unit step function:

( ) ( ) ( ) , ( ) ( )- ( ) , ( ) ( )- ( )

2. Express the piecewise-continuous function using the top hat function:

( ) ( ), ( ) ( )- ( ), ( ) ( )- ( ) ( )
6. Convolution
Definition

( ) ( ) ( ) ∫ ( ) ( ) ( )

Solving a convolution: Find ( ) ( ) or ( )( )

Let: ( ) ( ) ( )

( ) * ( ) ( )+ ( ) ( )
Taking inverse Laplace transform to find the result of the convolution

( ) * ( )+

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Calculus 3
Chapter 3: -transform
1. Definition
Causal sequence: * + * +

Infinite sequence: * + * +
The -transform of an infinite sequence is defined whenever the sum exists and
where is a complex variable

* + ( ) ∑ ( )

The Z Transform of a causal sequence:

* + ( ) ∑ ( )

Where: is the -Transform operator, * + ( ): is a -Transform pair.

2. Properties
* + * +

. / ( )

( )
( )

( ) ( )

3. Formulas
* + * +

( )

( )
( )
( ) ( )

4. Initial and Final Value Theorem

Initial-value theorem

( ) ( )

Final-value theorem

( ) ( ) ( )

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Calculus 3
Chapter 4: Fourier Series
1. Full Range Series
( ) ∑ ( ) ∑ ( ) ( )

Where:

∫ ( ) ∫ ( ) ( ) ∫ ( ) ( )

Odd function: , and

⁄
∫ () ( )

Even function: , and

∫ ( ) ∫ ( ) ( )

Parseval’s identity:

∫ | ( )| ∑( ) ( )

2. Half Range Series

2. 1. Half Range Sine Series:

( ) ∑ ( ) ∫ ( ) ( )

2. 2. Half Range Cosine Series:

( ) ∑ ( ) ∫ ( ) ∫ ( ) ( )

3. Frequently Used Formulas

∫( )

∫( )

( ( ) ) ( ( ) )
∫ ( ) ( ) ( )

( ( ) ) ( ( ) )
∫ ( ) ( ) ( )

( ( ) ) ( ( ) )
∫ ( ) ( ) ( )

( )

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