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ÐÅÑÉÅ×ÏÌÅÍÁ

ÌÅÑÏÓ É ÂÁÓÉÊÅÓ ÅÍÍÏÉÅÓ ÓÔÁ ÖÁÉÍÏÌÅÍÁ ÌÅÔÁÖÏÑÁÓ

KÅÖÁËÁÉÏ 1: ÅÉÓÁÃÙÃÇ ÓÔÁ ÖÁÉÍÏÌÅÍÁ ÌÅÔÁÖÏÑÁÓ

1.1 ÖÁÉÍÏÌÅÍÁ ÌÅÔÁÖÏÑÁÓ ÊÁÉ ÏÉ ÌÏÍÁÄÅÓ ÐÁÑÁÃÙÃÇÓ.........................................20

1.2 ÉÓÏÑÑÏÐÉÁ ÊÁÉ ÑÕÈÌÏÓ ÖÁÉÍÏÌÅÍÙÍ ........................................................................... 20
1.3 ÈÅÌÅËÉÙÄÅÉÓ ÌÏÍÁÄÅÓ ÊÁÉ ÌÅÔÁÂËÇÔÅÓ ................................................................... 21
1.4 Ï ÑÏËÏÓ ÔÙÍ ÅÍÄÏÌÏÑÉÁÊÙÍ ÄÕÍÁÌÅÙÍ ............................................................. 25
1.5 ÁÐËÁ ÉÓÏÆÕÃÉÁ ÉÓÏÆYÃÉÏ YËÇÓ ................................................................................................ 26
ÐÑÏÂËÇÌÁÔÁ ........................................................................................................................................................28
ÂÉÂËÉÏÃÑÁÖÉÁ .......................................................................................................................................................... 30

KÅÖÁËÁÉÏ 2: ÌÇ×ÁÍÉÓÌÏÉ ÌÏÑÉÁÊÇÓ ÌÅÔÁÖÏÑÁÓ

2.1 Ç ÁÍÁËÏÃÉÁ .................................................................................................................................................. 34

2.1.1 Ç ðåñßðôùóç ôçò ìåôáöïñÜò èåñìüôçôáò ........................................................35
2.1.2 Ç ðåñßðôùóç ãéá ôç ìåôáöïñÜ ìÜæáò ..................................................................... 38
2.1.3 Ç ðåñßðôùóç ìåôáöïñÜò ïñìÞò ................................................................................... 39
2.1.4 Ïé áíÜëïãïé ôýðïé .........................................................................................................................43
2.2 ÌÅÔÁÖÏÑÁ ÈÅÑÌÏÔÇÔÁÓ ................................................................................................................ 49
2.3 ÌÅÔÁÖÏÑÁ ÌÁÆÁÓ.................................................................................................................................. 52
2.4 ÌÅÔÁÖÏÑÁ ÏÑÌÇÓ ................................................................................................................................. 63
2.5 ÄÉÁ×ÕÔÏÔÇÔÅÓ ÈÅÑÌÏÔÇÔÁÓ, ÌÁÆÁÓ ÊÁÉ ÏÑÌÇÓ ..............................................70
2.5.1 ÈåñìéêÞ áãùãéìüôçôá ...............................................................................................................72
2.5.2 ÓõíôåëåóôÞò äéÜ÷õóçò ............................................................................................................ 74
2.5.3 Éîþäåò ...............................................................................................................................................................76
2.6 ÓÕÃÊÑÉÓÇ ÔÙÍ ÌÅÔÁÖÏÑÙÍ ............................................................................................................ 78
ÐÑÏÂËÇÌÁÔÁ ........................................................................................................................................................79
ÂÉÂËÉÏÃÑÁÖÉÁ .......................................................................................................................................................... 84
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KEÖÁËÁÉÏ 3: ÃÅÍÉÊÅÕÌÅÍÏ ÉÓÏÆÕÃÉÏ ÉÄÉÏÔÇÔÙÍ

3.1 ÔÏ ÉÓÏÆÕÃÉÏ Ç ÅÍÍÏÉÁ ÔÇÓ ÄÉÁÔÇÑÇÓÇÓ ....................................................................... 87

3.1.1 Éóïæýãéï åéóåñ÷üìåíçò-åîåñ÷üìåíçò ....................................................................... 89
3.1.2 ÃÝíåóç ........................................................................................................................................................ 90
3.1.3 Óõóóþñåõóç ....................................................................................................................................... 92
3.1.4 Ç åîßóùóç éóïæõãßïõ óå äéáöïñéêÞ ìïñöÞ......................................................... 92
3.2 Ç ÌÏÍÏÄÉÁÓÔÁÔÇ ÅÎÉÓÙÓÇ ÉÓÏÆÕÃÉÏÕ ÌÅ ÌÏÑÉÁÊÇ ÊÁÉ ÊÁÔÅÕÈÕÍÏ-
ÌÅÍÇ ÌÅÔÁÖÏÑÁ ...................................................................................................................................... 98
3.2.1 ÌïñéáêÞ ìåôáöïñÜ ..................................................................................................................... 98
3.2.2 Ìåôáâßâáóç ........................................................................................................................................ 99
3.3 Ç ÅÎÉÓÙÓÇ ÉÓÏÆÕÃÉÏÕ ÓÔÉÓ ÔÑÅÉÓ ÄÉÁÓÔÁÓÅÉÓ ........................................................... 104
3.4 Ç ÅÎÉÓÙÓÇ ÓÕÍÅ×ÅÉÁÓ ....................................................................................................................... 110
3.5 ÔÏ ÃÅÍÉÊÏ ÉÓÏÆÕÃÉÏ ÉÄÉÏÔÇÔÁÓ ÃÉÁ ÁÓÕÌÐÉÅÓÔÏ ÑÅÕÓÔÏ ...................... 113
3.6 ÁÍÁÊÅÖÁËÁÉÙÓÇ .................................................................................................................................. 115
ÐÑÏÂËÇÌÁÔÁ .................................................................................................................................................... 116

KEÖÁËÁÉÏ 4: ÌÏÑÉÁÊÇ ÌÅÔÁÖÏÑÁ ÊÁÉ ÔÏ ÃÅÍÉÊÏ ÉÓÏÆÕÃÉÏ ÉÄÉÏÔÇÔÁÓ

4.1 ÓÔÁÈÅÑÏÐÏÉÇÌÅÍÇ ÌÅÔÁÖÏÑÁ ÓÅ ÌÉÁ ÄÉÁÓÔÁÓÇ ÌÅ ÅÉÓÏÄÏ - ÅÎÏ-

ÄÏ ×ÙÑÉÓ ÃÅÍÅÓÇ .................................................................................................................................... 122
4.1.1 ÌåôáöïñÜ óôáèåñïý åìâáäïý ................................................................................. 125
4.1.2 ÌåôáöïñÜ ìåôáâëçôïý åìâáäïý ............................................................................ 125
4.2 ÓÔÁÈÅÑÏÐÏÉÇÌÅÍÇ ÌÅÔÁÖÏÑÁ ÌÅ ÃÅÍÅÓÇ ............................................................ 135
4.2.1 ÌåôáöïñÜ èåñìüôçôáò Þ ìÜæáò ìå óôáèåñÞ ãÝíåóç ..................... 136
4.2.2 ÌåôáöïñÜ ïñìÞò ìå ãÝíåóç óå óôáèåñïðïéçìÝíç êáôÜóôáóç ... 141
4.2.3 Öõëëþäçò ñïÞ ìÝóá óå óùëÞíá ............................................................................. 146
4.2.4 Öõëëþäçò ñïÞ ìåôáîý ðáñáëëÞëùí ðëáêþí ............................................ 154
4.2.5 ÌåôáâëçôÞ ÃÝíåóç ................................................................................................................... 160
4.3 ÊÁÔÁËÇÊÔÉÊÅÓ ÐÁÑÁÔÇÑÇÓÅÉÓ ................................................................................................ 162
ÐÑÏÂËÇÌÁÔÁ .................................................................................................................................................... 162
ÂÉÂËÉÏÃÑÁÖÉÁ ...................................................................................................................................................... 166

KEÖÁËÁÉÏ 5: ÌÅÔÁÖÏÑÁ ÌÅ ÓÕÍÏËÉÊÇ ÑÏÇ ÌÅÔÁÂÉÂÁÓÇÓ

5.1 ÑÏÇ ÌÅÔÁÂÉÂÁÓÇÓ ËÏÃÙ ÌÅÔÁÖÏÑÁÓ ÉÄÉÏÔÇÔÁÓ ............................................ 171

5.1.1 Åîéóþóåéò éóïæõãßïõ ................................................................................................................. 173
5.1.2 ÓõóôÞìáôá ÓõíôåôáãìÝíùí ............................................................................................ 174
5.1.3 Ç ó÷Ýóç ìåôáîý ôÜóçò ïëßóèçóçò êáé ñõèìïý ïëßóèçóçò......... 174
5.1.4 Ç åîßóùóç óõíÝ÷åéáò .............................................................................................................. 179
 

5.1.5 Éóïæýãéï åíÝñãåéáò ................................................................................................................... 183

5.1.6 Åîßóùóç Navier-Stokes .......................................................................................................... 188
5.1.7 Ôï ïñéáêü åðßðåäï .................................................................................................................... 204
5.2 ÌÅÔÁÂÉÂÁÆÏÌÅÍÅÓ ÓÕÍÔÅÔÁÃÌÅÍÅÓ ............................................................................... 208
5.3 ÖÁÉÍÏÌÅÍÁ ÄÉÁ×ÕÓÇÓ ÌÁÆÁÓ ............................................................................................. 210
5.3.1 ÑïÝò ìÜæáò óå áäñáíéáêÝò êáé ìåôáâéâáæüìåíåò óõíôåôáãìÝíåò210
5.3.2 ÏëéêÞ ñïÞ êáé íüìïò ôïõ Fick ..................................................................................... 218
5.3.3 ÄõáäéêÞ äéÜ÷õóç ìÜæáò óå áÝñéá ............................................................................ 224
5.3.4 ÄõáäéêÞ äéÜ÷õóç ìÜæáò óôá õãñÜ ......................................................................... 234
5.3.5 ÄéÜ÷õóç óôá ÓôåñåÜ ............................................................................................................... 235
5.3.6 ÄéÜ÷õóç ëüãù êëßóçò ðßåóçò ........................................................................................ 236
5.3.7 ÄéÜ÷õóç ìå ôñßá Þ ðåñéóóüôåñá óõóôáôéêÜ ................................................. 242
5.4 ÓÐÁÍÉÏÉ ÔÕÐÏÉ ÌÅÔÁÖÏÑÁÓ ÌÁÆÁÓ ÊÁÉ ÈÅÑÌÏÔÇÔÁÓ ........................... 243
5.4.1 ÌåôáöïñÜ èåñìüôçôáò...................................................................................................... 243
5.4.2 ÌåôáöïñÜ ìÜæáò ....................................................................................................................... 244
5.5 ÁÍÁÊÅÖÁËÁÉÙÓÇ .................................................................................................................................. 245
ÐÑÏÂËÇÌÁÔÁ .................................................................................................................................................... 246
ÂÉÂËÉÏÃÑÁÖÉÁ ...................................................................................................................................................... 251

KEÖÁËÁÉÏ 6: ÓÔÑÏÂÉËÙÄÇÓ ÑÏÇ

6.1 ÌÅÔÁÂÁÔÉÊÇ ÊÁÉ ÓÔÑÏÂÉËÙÄÇ ÑÏÇ ................................................................................... 256

6.1.1 Ôï ðåßñáìá ôïõ Reynolds ................................................................................................... 257
6.1.2 ÌåôáâáôéêÞ ÑïÞ ........................................................................................................................... 260
6.1.3 Ç ðëÞñùò áíåðôõãìÝíç óôñïâéëþäçò ñïÞ .................................................. 266
6.2 ÅÎÉÓÙÓÅÉÓ ÃÉÁ ÌÅÔÁÖÏÑÁ ÊÁÔÙ ÁÐÏ ÓÕÍÈÇÊÅÓ ÓÔÑÏÂÉËÙÄÏÕÓ ÑÏÇÓ..270
6.2.1 Êáíüíåò ôùí ìÝóùí ôéìþí ôïõ Reynolds ......................................................... 276
6.2.2 Åîéóþóåéò Reynolds ãéá áóõìðßåóôç óôñïâéëþäç ñïÞ ....................... 285
6.2.3 ÔÜóåéò Reynolds ........................................................................................................................... 289
6.2.4 Óôñïâéëþäç ñïÞ óå êáíÜëéá êáé áãùãïýò .................................................... 291
6.3 ÐÑÏÔÕÐÁ ÓÔÑÏÂÉËÙÄÏÕÓ ÑÏÇÓ .......................................................................................... 294
6.3.1 Èåùñßá Boussinesq.................................................................................................................... 294
6.3.2 Ôï ìÞêïò ìåßîçò ôïõ Prandtl .......................................................................................... 296
6.3.3 Áíáëïãßåò .......................................................................................................................................... 303
6.3.4 ÌåìâñÜíåò êáé èåùñßåò äéáðåñáôüôçôáò ...................................................... 307
6.4 Ç ÊÁÔÁÍÏÌÇ ÔÇÓ ÔÁ×ÕÔÇÔÁÓ ................................................................................................ 311
6.5 Ï ÐÁÑÁÃÙÍ ÔÑÉÂÇÓ ............................................................................................................................. 332
6.6 ÁÍÁÊÅÖÁËÁÉÙÓÇ .................................................................................................................................. 337
ÐÑÏÂËÇÌÁÔÁ .................................................................................................................................................... 339
ÂÉÂËÉÏÃÑÁÖÉÁ ...................................................................................................................................................... 341


KEÖÁËÁÉÏ 7: Ç ÏËÏÊËÇÑÙÔÉÊÇ ÌÅÈÏÄÏÓ ÁÍÁËÕÓÇÓ

7.1 Ç ÃÅÍÉÊÇ ÏËÏÊËÇÑÙÔÉÊÇ ÅÎÉÓÙÓÇ ÉÓÏÆÕÃÉÏÕ ....................................................... 346

7.1.1 Ôï ïëïêëÞñùìá éóïæõãßïõ ìÜæáò ............................................................................. 349
7.1.2 Ôï ïëïêëÞñùìá éóïæõãßïõ ãéá îå÷ùñéóôÜ óõóôáôéêÜ ......................... 353
7.1.3 ÏëïêëÞñùìá éóïæõãßïõ ïñìÞò ................................................................................... 356
7.1.4 ÏëïêëÞñùìá éóïæõãßïõ åíÝñãåéáò ......................................................................... 369
7.1.5 Ôï éóïæýãéï ìç÷áíéêÞò åíÝñãåéáò êáé ç ìç÷áíéêÞ åîßóùóç ôïõ Bernoulli
............................................................................................................................................................................ 380
7.2 ÓÔÁÔÉÊÇ ÔÙÍ ÑÅÕÓÔÙÍ ...................................................................................................................... 394
7.2.1 Ðéåóüìåôñá ....................................................................................................................................... 394
7.2.2 ÄõíÜìåéò Üíùóçò ...................................................................................................................... 408
7.2.3 ÌåôáâïëÞ ôçò ðßåóçò ìå ôï âÜèïò ...................................................................... 412
7.3 ÁÍÁÊÅÖÁËÁÉÙÓÇ .................................................................................................................................. 415
ÐÑÏÂËÇÌÁÔÁ .................................................................................................................................................... 417
ÂÉÂËÉÏÃÑÁÖÉÁ ...................................................................................................................................................... 421

KEÖÁËÁÉÏ 8: ÌÅÈÏÄÏÉ ÁÍÁËÕÓÇÓ

8.1 ÁÍÁÃÙÃÇ ÔÙÍ ÂÁÓÉÊÙÍ ÄÉÁÖÏÑÉÊÙÍ ÅÎÉÓÙÓÅÙÍ .............................................. 426

8.2 ÁÍÁËÕÓÇ ÄÉÁÓÔÁÓÅÙÍ ................................................................................................................... 436
8.2.1 ÌÝèïäïò áíÜëõóçò Rayleigh ...................................................................................... 436
8.2.2 ÌÝèïäïò Buckingham .......................................................................................................... 445
8.2.3 Ðëçñüôçò Óõíüëùí ................................................................................................................. 449
8.3 Ôõðïðïßçóç ................................................................................................................................................. 452
ÐÑÏÂËÇÌÁÔÁ .................................................................................................................................................... 454
ÂÉÂËÉÏÃÑÁÖÉÁ ...................................................................................................................................................... 456

ÌÅÑÏÓ II: ÅÖÁÑÌÏÃÅÓ ÔÙÍ ÖÁÉÍÏÌÅÍÙÍ ÌÅÔÁÖÏÑÁÓ

KEÖÁËÁÉÏ 9: ÁÍÁÄÅÕÓÇ

9.1 ÅÉÓÁÃÙÃÇ ÓÔÇÍ ÁÍÁÄÅÕÓÇ ......................................................................................................... 463

9.2 ÅÎÏÐËÉÓÌÏÓ ............................................................................................................................................. 465
9.3 ÃÅÙÌÅÔÑÉÊÇ ÏÌÏÉÏÔÇÔÁ ÊÁÉ ÊËÉÌÁÊÙÓÇ ÌÅÃÅÈÏÕÓ ................................. 471
9.4 ÌÅÔÁÂËÇÔÅÓ ÔÏÕ Ó×ÅÄÉÁÓÌÏÕ ............................................................................................ 473
9.5 ÁÄÉÁÓÔÁÔÏÉ ÁÑÉÈÌÏÉ ....................................................................................................................... 475
9.6 Ç ÊËÉÌÁÊÙÓÇ ÌÅÃÅÈÏÕÓ ............................................................................................................ 487
9.6.1 Äéáäéêáóßåò êëéìÜêùóçò ãéá ôõñâþäç ñïÞ ìå ôñåéò Þ ðåñéóóü-
ôåñïõò üãêïõò åëÝã÷ïõ ...................................................................................................... 488
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9.6.2 ÊëéìÜêùóç ìåãÝèïõò ãéá ôõñâþäç ñïÞ ìå äýï üãêïõò åëÝã÷ïõ

........................................................................................................................................................................... 489
9.6.3 ÊëéìÜêùóç ìåãÝèïõò ãéá ôõñâþäç ñïÞ ìå Ýíáí üãêï åëÝã÷ïõ
............................................................................................................................................................................. 490
9.6.4 Ç êëéìÜêùóç ìåãÝèïõò ãéá ôçí ðåñéï÷Þ óôñùôÞò ñïÞò ................ 501
9.6.5 ÊëéìÜêùóç ìåãÝèïõò ÷ùñßò ôç ãåùìåôñéêÞ ïìïéüôçôá ..................... 501
9.7. ÁÍÁÊÅÖÁËÁÉÙÓÇ .................................................................................................................................. 503
ÐÑÏÂËÇÌÁÔÁ .................................................................................................................................................... 503
ÂÉÂËÉÏÃÑÁÖÉÁ ...................................................................................................................................................... 505

KEÖÁËÁÉÏ 10: ÑÏÇ ÑÅÕÓÔÙÍ ÓÅ ÁÃÙÃÏÕÓ

10.1 ÁÍÁÓÊÏÐÇÓÇ ........................................................................................................................................ 511

10.1.1 ÓôñùôÞ ñïÞ óå áãùãü ..................................................................................................... 511
10.1.2 Ôõñâþäçò ñïÞ óå áãùãü ............................................................................................. 514
10.2 ÓÕÓÔÇÌÁÔÁ ÁÃÙÃÙÍ ...................................................................................................................... 517
10.2.1 Ôñá÷ýôçò .......................................................................................................................................... 517
10.2.2 Ðôþóç ðßåóçò óå ôñá÷åßò áãùãïýò ................................................................... 520
10.2.3 Áñéèìüò von Karman ......................................................................................................... 525
10.2.4 Ëýóåéò ãéá ìåãÜëá ìüñéá ............................................................................................... 529
10.2.5 Ç Ýííïéá ôïõ ìïíïìåôñéêïý ýøïõò ôá÷ýôçôáò ..................................... 530
10.2.7 Áðþëåéåò ëüãù äéåýñõíóçò êáé óìßêñõíóçò ôçò äéáôïìÞò ..... 533
10.2.8 ÅîáñôÞìáôá ôùí áãùãþí êáé âÜíåò .................................................................. 540
10.2.9 ÁÝñéá .................................................................................................................................................... 553
10.2.10 Ðïëýðëïêá óõóôÞìáôá ñïÞò ñåõóôïý ...................................................... 554
10.3 ÌÇ ÊÕÊËÉÊÏÉ ÁÃÙÃÏÉ ..................................................................................................................... 568
10.4 ÌÅÔÑÇÓÅÉÓ ÑÏÇÓ ÑÅÕÓÔÏÕ ....................................................................................................... 573
10.4.1 ÌåôñçôÞò äéáöñÜãìáôïò (orifice) ....................................................................... 574
10.4.2 ÌåôñçôÞò Venturi êáé áêñïöýóéá .......................................................................... 583
10.4.3 ÌåôñçôÞò ìå ðåñéóôñåöüìåíï ðëùôÞñá (ÑïôÜìåôñï) ................. 586
10.4.4 ÓùëÞíáò Pitot ............................................................................................................................. 590
10.4.5 ¢Aëëåò óõóêåõÝò ìÝôñçóçò ñïÞò ........................................................................ 593
10.5 ÌÅÔÑÇÓÇ ÐÉÅÓÇÓ ............................................................................................................................... 594
10.6 ÌÅÔÑÇÓÇ ÈÅÑÌÏÊÑÁÓÉÁÓ ÊÁÉ ÓÕÃÊÅÍÔÑÙÓÇÓ ................................................... 595
ÐÑÏÂËÇÌÁÔÁ ................................................................................................................................................... 597
ÏÍÏÌÁÔÏËÏÃÉÁ ............................................................................................................................................ 603

KEÖÁËÁÉÏ 11: ÌÅÔÁÖÏÑÁ ÈÅÑÌÏÔÇÔÁÓ ÊÁÉ ÌÁÆÁÓ ÊÁÔÁ ÔÇ ÄÉÁÑÊÅÉÁ

ÑÏÇÓ ÓÅ ÁÃÙÃÏ

11.1 ÁÍÁÓÊÏÐÇÓÇ ÊÁÉ ÅÐÅÊÔÁÓÅÉÓ ............................................................................................. 607

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11.1.1 Áêôéíïâïëßá ................................................................................................................................... 607

11.1.2 ÓõíáãùãÞ ........................................................................................................................................ 607
11.1.3 ÁãùãÞ .................................................................................................................................................. 608
11.1.4 Ç Ýííïéá ôçò Áíôßóôáóçò .............................................................................................. 609
11.1.5 Ç êëßóç óôá ôïé÷þìáôá ..................................................................................................... 620
11.1.6 Èåñìïêñáóßåò êýñéáò ìÜæáò êáé õìÝíá ........................................................ 620
11.2 ÓÔÑÙÔÇ ÑÏÇ ÓÅ ÁÃÙÃÏ ............................................................................................................... 622
11.2.1 ÐëÞñùò áíåðôõãìÝíç ìåôáöïñÜ .......................................................................... 622
11.2.2 Ðåñéï÷Þ åéóüäïõ ..................................................................................................................... 627
11.3 ÌÅÔÁÖÏÑÁ ÈÅÑÌÏÔÇÔÁÓ ÊÁÉ ÌÁÆÁÓ ÓÅ ÔÕÑÂÙÄÇ ÑÏÇ ....................... 629
11.3.1 Åðéóêüðçóç ôùí ìïíôÝëùí ôõñâþäïõò ñïÞò ......................................... 629
11.3.2 Óõó÷åôßóåéò ãéá ðëÞñùò áíåðôõãìÝíç ôõñâþäç ñïÞ ..................... 629
11.3.3 Ïé áíáëïãßåò ............................................................................................................................... 634
11.3.4 ¢Aëëåò ìÝèïäïé ......................................................................................................................... 638
11.4 ÅÍÁËËÁÊÔÇÓ ÈÅÑÌÏÔÇÔÁÓ ÄÉÐËÏÕ ÓÙËÇÍÁ ................................................. 645
11.4.1 Ï ïëéêüò óõíôåëåóôÞò ìåôáöïñÜò èåñìüôçôáò ................................ 648
11.4.2 Áíôßóôáóç åðáöÞò êáé óõíôåëåóôÝò áðïèÝóåùí ............................... 649
11.4.3 Åîéóþóåéò ó÷åäéáóìïý ....................................................................................................... 652
11.4.4 ÁðëÝò ëýóåéò ............................................................................................................................... 655
11.5 ÅÍÁËËÁÊÔÅÓ ÈÅÑÌÏÔÇÔÁÓ ÐÏËËÁÐËÙÍ ÄÉÏÄÙÍ ................................. 660
11.5.1 Ç óõóêåõÞ....................................................................................................................................... 661
11.5.2 Åîéóþóåéò ó÷åäéáóìïý ....................................................................................................... 662
11.6 ÁËËÁ ÈÅÌÁÔÁ .................................................................................................................................... 668
ÐÑÏÂËÇÌÁTA .................................................................................................................................................... 669
ÂÉÂËÉÏÃÑÁÖÉÁ ...................................................................................................................................................... 672

KEÖÁËÁÉÏ 12: ÌÅÔÁÖÏÑÁ ÃÕÑÙ ÁÐÏ ÂÕÈÉÓÌÅÍÁ ÓÙÌÁÔÁ

12.1 ÔÏ ÏÑÉÁÊÏ ÓÔÑÙÌÁ ÊÁÉ Ç ÐÅÑÉÏ×Ç ÅÉÓÏÄÏÕ ................................................... 681

12.1.1 Ôï óôñùôü ïñéáêü óôñþìá .......................................................................................... 682
12.1.2 To ôõñâþäåò ïñéáêü óôñþìá ................................................................................... 691
12.1.3 ÌåôáöïñÜ èåñìüôçôáò êáé ìÜæáò óôç äéÜñêåéá ñïÞò ïñéáêïý
óôñþìáôïò ðÜíù áðü åðßðåäç ðëÜêá ............................................................. 696
12.2 ÑÏÇ ÃÕÑÙ ÁÐÏ ÊÕËÉÍÄÑÏÕÓ ÊÁÉ ÓÖÁÉÑÅÓ ............................................................. 704
12.2.1 ÉäáíéêÞ ñïÞ (Ìç-éîþäç ñåõóôÜ) ............................................................................. 705
12.2.2 ÑïÞ Stokes ãýñù áðü óöáßñá .................................................................................. 714
12.2.3 Óõó÷åôßóåéò ôïõ óõíôåëåóôÞ ïðéóèÝëêïõóáò ......................................... 720
12.3 ÖÁÉÍÏÌÅÍÁ ÑÏÇÓ ÄÉÁÌÅÓÏÕ ÓÔÅÑÅÙÍ ................................................................... 730
12.3.1 ÅéóáãùãÞ óôç ñåõóôïáéþñçóç ................................................................................ 730
12.3.2 Ñåõóôïáéþñçóç Áåñßïõ-Óôåñåïý .......................................................................... 736
12.3.3 Ñåõóôïáéþñçóç õãñïý-óôåñåïý ............................................................................ 743
12.3.4 ÓôáèåñÝò êëßíåò ...................................................................................................................... 750
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12.3.5 ÌåôáöïñÜ èåñìüôçôáò óå Ýíá êýëéíäñï .................................................. 755

12.3.6 ÄÝóìåò óùëÞíùí .................................................................................................................... 759
12.4 ÖÁÉÍÏÌÅÍÁ ÑÏÇÓ ÌÅ ÌÅÉÃÌÁÔÁ ÁÅÑÉÏÕ-ÕÃÑÏÕ ÊÁÉ ÕÃÑÏÕ-ÕÃÑÏÕ.... 767
ÐÑÏÂËÇÌÁÔÁ .................................................................................................................................................... 768
ÂÉÂËÉÏÃÑÁÖÉÁ ...................................................................................................................................................... 771

KEÖÁËÁÉÏ 13: ÌÅÔÁÖÏÑÁ ÓÅ ÌÇ ÌÏÍÉÌÅÓ ÊÁÔÁÓÔÁÓÅÉÓ

13.1 ÂÁÓÉÊÅÓ ÅÎÉÓÙÓÅÉÓ ............................................................................................................................. 780

13.1.1 Åîßóùóç ìåôáöïñÜò èåñìüôçôáò ......................................................................... 781
13.1.2 ÌåôáöïñÜ ìÜæáò ................................................................................................................... 782
13.1.3 ÓõíÜñôçóç óöÜëìáôïò ................................................................................................... 782
13.1.4 ÌåôáöïñÜ èåñìüôçôáò ìå áìåëçôÝá åóùôåñéêÞ áíôßóôáóç . 783
13.2 ÐÅÐÅÑÁÓÌÅÍÇ ÐËÁÊÁ ÊÁÉ ÊÕËÉÍÄÑÏÓ ...................................................................... 788
13.2.1 Ëýóç ìå óåéñÝò Fourier ..................................................................................................... 790
13.2.2 Ëýóç ìå ìåôáó÷çìáôéóìü Laplace ...................................................................... 803
13.2.3 Ëýóåéò ìå ãåíéêåõìÝíá äéáãñÜììáôá ............................................................... 807
13.2.4 ÁñéèìçôéêÞ ëýóç ...................................................................................................................... 823
13.3 ÁËËÅÓ ÃÅÙÌÅÔÑÉÅÓ .......................................................................................................................... 835
13.3.1 Áðåñéüñéóôç ðëáêÜ ............................................................................................................... 836
13.3.2 Çìé-áðåñéüñéóôç ðëÜêá ..................................................................................................... 838
13.3.3 Êýëéíäñïò ....................................................................................................................................... 840
13.3.4 Óöáßñá ................................................................................................................................................ 842
ÐÑÏÂËÇÌÁÔÁ .................................................................................................................................................... 843
ÂÉÂËÉÏÃÑÁÖÉÁ ...................................................................................................................................................... 847

ÌÅÑÏÓ ÉII: ÉÄÉÏÔÇÔÅÓ ÌÅÔÁÖÏÑÁÓ

KEÖÁËÁÉÏ 14: ÕÐÏËÏÃÉÓÌÏÓ ÔÙÍ ÓÕÍÔÅËÅÓÔÙÍ ÌÅÔÁÖÏÑÁÓ

14.1 ÁÅÑÉÁ .............................................................................................................................................................. 854

14.1.1 ÊéíçôéêÞ èåùñßá ôùí áåñßùí ....................................................................................... 854
14.1.2 Èåùñßá ìç-ïìïéüìïñöïõ áåñßïõ.......................................................................... 861
14.1.3 ÅìðåéñéêÝò óõó÷åôßóåéò ãéá ôá ÁÝñéá ................................................................. 874
14.2 ÕÃÑÁ ................................................................................................................................................................. 876
14.2.1 Éîþäåò ................................................................................................................................................. 876
14.2.2 ÈåñìéêÞ áãùãéìüôçôá ........................................................................................................ 880
14.2.3 ÓõíôåëåóôÞò äéÜ÷õóçò ..................................................................................................... 882
14.3 ÓÔÅÑÅÁ ........................................................................................................................................................... 890
14.4 ÌÅÔÑÇÓÅÉÓ ÔÙÍ ÉÄÉÏÔÇÔÙÍ ÌÅÔÁÖÏÑÁÓ ................................................................... 890
14.4.1 ÌåôñÞóåéò éîþäïõò 8 ....................................................................................................... 890
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14.4.2 ÈåñìéêÞ áãùãéìüôçôá ........................................................................................................ 891

14.4.3 ÌåôñÞóåéò óõíôåëåóôïý äéÜ÷õóçò ..................................................................... 892
ÐÑÏÂËÇÌÁÔÁ .................................................................................................................................................... 893
ÂÉÂËÉÏÃÑÁÖÉÁ ...................................................................................................................................................... 895

KEÖÁËÁÉÏ 15: ÌÇ ÍÅÕÔÙÍÉÊÁ ÖÁÉÍÏÌÅÍÁ ..............................................

15.1 ÑÅÏËÏÃÉÊÁ ×ÁÑÁÊÔÇÑÉÓÔÉÊÁ ÔÙÍ ÕËÉÊÙÍ .............................................................. 902

15.1.1 Ç áíåîÜñôçôç ôïõ ÷ñüíïõ óõìðåñéöïñÜ ................................................... 904
15.1.2 Ç åîáñôçìÝíç ïðü ôï ÷ñüíï óõìðåñéöïñÜ ............................................. 909
15.1.3 ÉîùäïåëáóôéêÞ óõìðåñéöïñÜ ..................................................................................... 910
15.2 ÑÅÏËÏÃÉÊÅÓ ÌÅÔÑÇÓÅÉÓ ............................................................................................................... 918
15.2.1 Ôñé÷ïåéäÝò éîùäüìåôñï ..................................................................................................... 919
15.2.2 ÐåñéóôñïöéêÜ Éîùäüìåôñá............................................................................................ 925
15.3 ÔÕÑÂÙÄÇÓ ÑÏÇ .................................................................................................................................... 927
15.4 ÁÍÁÄÅÕÓÇ ÌÇ ÍÅÕÔÙÍÉÊÙÍ ÑÅÕÓÔÙÍ ........................................................................ 932
15.5 ÌÅÔÁÖÏÑÁ ÈÅÑÌÏÔÇÔÁÓ ÊÁÔÁ ÔÇ ÄÉÁÑÊÅÉÁ ÑÏÇÓ ÓÅ ÁÃÙÃÏ ........ 933
15.6 ÁÍÁÊÅÖÁËÁÉÙÓÇ ............................................................................................................................... 935
ÐÑÏÂËÇÌÁÔÁ .................................................................................................................................................... 936
ÂÉÂËÉÏÃÑÁÖÉÁ ...................................................................................................................................................... 938

ÐÁÑÁÑÔÇÌÁÔÁ

ÐáñÜñôçìá Á.
ÉÄÉÏÔÇÔÅÓ ÔÙÍ ÕËÉÊÙÍ ............................................................................................................................. 941

ÐáñÜñôçìá Â.
ÔÅ×ÍÉÊÁ ×ÁÑÁÊÔÇÑÉÓÔÉÊÁ ÁÃÙÃÙÍ ÊÁÉ ÓÙËÇÍÙÍ ....................................................... 953

ÐáñÜñôçìá Ã.
ÖÕÓÉÊÅÓ ÓÔÁÈÅÑÅÓ, ÌÏÍÁÄÅÓ ÊÁÉ ÐÉÍÁÊÅÓ ÌÅÔÁÔÑÏÐÙÍ ............................... 957

ÐáñÜñôçìá Ä.
ÄÉÁÍÕÓÌÁÔÉÊÏÓ ËÏÃÉÓÌÏÓ ............................................................................................................... 963

ÅÕÑÅÔÇÑÉÏ...............................................................................................967