1.

Hardware: represents the physical components of a computer, that is, the

components that can be seen and touched.
Example:
 Input devices: keyboard, mouse, etc.
 Output devices: printer, monitor, etc.
 Secondary storage devices: disk, CD, DVD, etc.
 Internal components: CPU, motherboard, RAM, etc.

2. Software: They are all the intangible and non-physical components, it is made
up of all the information, whether instructions or data, that make the computer
work.
Example:
 Microsoft Windows 11.
 Linux.
 Spotify.
3. Programming language: in simple words, is the set of instructions through
which humans interact with computers. A programming language allows us to
communicate with computers through algorithms and instructions written in a
syntax that the computer understands and interprets in machine language.
Example:
 Java
 C#
 C++
 Python , etc.

4. Flowchart: graphically shows the steps or processes to follow to reach the

solution of a problem, uses symbols connected with arrows to indicate the
sequence of instructions.
5. Cookies: Mechanisms that allow the managers of each web page to record the
entries and exits of users who access their server. It is as if we left our business
card.
for example: your behavior browsing the internet or user credentials.

6. firewall : helps us protect individual computers, servers or networked computers

against unwanted access by intruders who can steal confidential data, lose
valuable information or even deny services on our network.
Examples
 Preserve our security and privacy.
 To protect our home or business network.
 To keep information stored on our network, servers, or computers secure.
 To prevent unwanted user intrusions into our network and computer.
Unwanted users can be both hackers and users belonging to our same
network.
 To prevent possible denial of service attacks

7. interface is the physical and functional connection established between two

devices, devices or systems that work independently of each other. In this sense,
 communication between a human being and a computer is carried out through an
interface.
Example
 User interface: They are generally intuitive, user-friendly spaces that,
through different dynamics, allow the user to manage the complex
processes of the computer system.
 Graphic interface: They provide a visual environment with images,
animations and graphic objects that represent the system information and
the possible actions to be carried out.

8. Antivirus: is a type of software used to prevent, search for, detect, and remove
viruses from a computer.
9. Malware : is a general term to refer to any type of malicious software designed
to infiltrate your device without your knowledge.

10. Virus: are computer programs that aim to alter the functioning of the computer,
without the user realizing it, like a flu virus, it is designed to spread from one
host to another and has the ability to replicate. Similarly, just as viruses cannot
reproduce without a cell to house them, computer viruses cannot reproduce or
spread without programming, for example, a file or document.

11. host : is any computer or machine connected to a network through a defined

domain and IP number. Its function is to provide resources, information and
services to users. It is also used to refer to a company that offers hosting services
for websites.