Cognitive Psychology (REVIEWER)

It is the ability to successfully execute more

than one action at a time while paying
A form of knowledge representation that has
attention to two or more channels of
been chosen arbitrarily to stand for something
information/modalities.
that does not perceptually resemble what is
 Divided Attention being represented.

Visual : Image ; Verbal : ________.  Symbolic code

 Semantics Impulsive people have the following

symptoms except for:
This refers to images that represent spatial
features such as depth dimensions,  Impatient
distances, and orientations.  Blurt our appropriate comments
 Difficulty in waiting for things they
 Spatial Imagery
want
This refers to a scan of the environment for  Interrupt conversations
particular features.
Refers to the use of images that represent
 Search visual characteristics such as colors and
shapes.
Which of the following is not a learned factor
that influences the ability to pay attention?  Visual Imagery

 Arousal The implicit memory effect in which exposure

 Task Difficulty to a stimulus influences response to a later
 skills stimulus.
 Intelligence
 Priming
The meaning underlying a particular
Internal representations of our physical
relationship among concepts.
environment, particularly centering on spatial
 Proposition relationships that aid us in our external
locations created in mind.
He believed that the route to knowledge is
through thinking and logical analysis; a  Cognitive Maps
rationalistic way.
Neurotransmitter associated with
 Plato Schizophrenia and Parkinson’s disease.
 Cognitive Psychology (REVIEWER)

 Dopamine

Refers to a person’s ability to attend to a A learning disorder characterized by difficulty

field of stimulation over a prolonged period. reading due to problems identifying speech
sounds and learning how they relate to letters
 Vigilance
and words.
Involves rotationally transforming an
 Dyslexia
object’s visual mental image.
This is the most sensitive part of the retina,
 Mental Rotation
which is also the center for clearest vision.
An attentional dysfunction in which
 Fovea
participants ignore the half of their visual
field. The subjective feeling that people have of
being confident that they know the target
 Spatial Neglect
word for which they are searching, yet they
State of awareness. cannot recall this word

 Consciousness  Tip of the tongue phenomenon

A set of processes by which we recognize, A person asked to imagine a scene and then
organize and make sense of the sensation describe it ignores half of the imagined
we receive. scene.

 Perception  Representational Neglect

Which of the following symptoms would not The form for what you know in your mind
fit in the criteria for diagnosing ADHD? about things, ideas, events, and so on, in
the outside world.
 Inattentiveness
 Hyperactivity  Knowledge Representation
 Flat Effect
Actively processing a limited amount of
 Hallucinations
information from the enormous amount of

The ability that focuses on speed and information available.

accuracy of abstract reasoning for novel

 Attention
problems

 Fluid
 Cognitive Psychology (REVIEWER)

Hemisphere of the brain that appears to be

more proficient in representing and
A process where sensory stimuli are
manipulating verbal and other symbol-based
organized into meaningful shapes
knowledge.

 Form Perception
 Left
Gender has an impact on mental rotation.
Hemisphere of the brain that appears to

 True represent and manipulate visuospatial

knowledge in a manner similar to perception.
According to knowledge representation,
knowledge can be represented in different  Right
ways except:
The ability to zoom in on mental images.
 Mental Picture
 Image scaling
 Words
 Emotions Inability to detect changes in objects or
 Abstract Preposition scenes that are being viewed.

A phenomenon in which people are not able  Change blindness

to see things that are actually there.
The part of the neuron that functions to
 Intentional blindness receive impulses and neurotransmitters.

His theory on Intelligence states that  Dendrite

intelligence comprises a hierarchy of cognitive
He emphasized an empirical approach in
abilities comprising three strata.
Philosophy.
 Caroll’s
 Aristotle
Refers to the knowledge of procedures that
Intelligence has an impact on mental
can be implemented.
rotation.
 Procedural Knowledge
 False
Which type of memory do you think is thought
to have unlimited storage?

 Long-Term Memory
 Cognitive Psychology (REVIEWER)

Known as one of the founders of This term resembles the objects they are
behaviorism that emphasized learning representing according to Pavio (1971).
brought by classical conditioning.
 Analog Codes
 Ivan Pavlov
Secondary and derivative phenomena that
Consciousness: occur as a result of other more basic cognitive
Awareness ;Ambiguous:________. processes.

 Vague  Epiphenomena

Cognitive Psychology is the scientific The study of the neural basis of cognition.
study of human mental processes including
 Cognitive Neuroscience
all the following except:
According to the ______________, we
 Memory
represent and use visual imagery in a way
 Problem-Solving
that is functionally equivalent (strongly
 Language
analogous) to that for physical percepts.
 Unconscious Desires
 Functional-Equivalence
He is the father of modern psychology and
Hypothesis
used introspection as one of his research
methods. Which of the following is NOT a major
proponent of the field of Gestalt Psychology?
 Wilhelm Wundt
 Kurt Koffka
This is the lingering visual impression that
 Max Wertheimer
is a result of when a stimulus has been
 Wolfgang Kohler
removed.
 Karl Spencer Lashley
 Afterimage
The mental representation of things that are
His theory on Intelligence states that not currently seen or sensed by the sense
intelligence comprises multiple organs.
independent constructs, not just a single
 Imagery
construct.

 Gardner’s
 Cognitive Psychology (REVIEWER)

The stimulation of sensory receptors and the A phenomenon of visual perception that
transmission of sensory information to the causes hallucination when the mind is
central nervous system. deprived of light and sound.

 Sensation  Ganzfeld Effect

The ability that focuses on accumulated

knowledge and vocabulary.

 Crystallized

This field in psychology has its general

perspective as “the whole is more than the
sum of its part.”

 Gestalt Psychology

The dual-code theory states that;

 Knowledge is stored in the form of

both word and images

Cognitive Science is an interdisciplinary

approach to the study of the mind,
including:

 Cognitive Psychology
 Biopsychology
 Artificial Intelligence
 All of the Above

The master gland.

 Pituitary

This is a field of science that tends to

incorporate human cognition and
intelligence in technology.

 Artificial Intelligence
 Cognitive Psychology (REVIEWER)

A phenomenon in group decision-making These are deductive arguments that involve

that may impair decisions made by the group concluding from two premises.
to avoid conflict.
Syllogisms
Groupthink

A type of heuristic in decision making and

reasoning where we consider options one by
one and consider a specific option after we
found it good enough to meet our level of
acceptability.
Satisficing
This process of integrating new information
into stored information is called
Consolidation
A process of setting aside a problem for a
while, being processed subconsciously.

Properly administered IQ tests are not Incubation

demonstrably biased against social,
economic, ethnic, or racial groups. These
types of tests are called The process of overcoming obstacles to
answer a question or to achieve a goal.
a) Standardized Test
b) Culture Fair test Problem-solving
c) Subjective test
d) Projective test One of the symptoms of groupthink where
members believe that everyone should
Another consideration in decision theory is the unanimously share their opinions and should
influence of option. in which the ways set be able to be expressed in the group.
of options are presented influences the
selection of option. Feeling unanimous

Framing These are the different approaches to

learning tasks.
People are more prone to forgetting
------------- information than acoustic Learning styles

information.
This refers to the superior recall of words at

Visual and near the end of a list.

These are also known as mental shortcuts. Recency effect

Heuristics Property of language which states that

language constantly evolves.
 Cognitive Psychology (REVIEWER)

Dynamic group are ignored, criticized, or even

ostracized.
A type of reasoning defined as the process of
reasoning from specific facts or observations Squelching of dissent
to reach a likely conclusion that may explain
When we speak about competing
the facts.
information conflicting our storing
Inductive reasoning information, we are regarding to

On converting Short-term memory to Long- Interferences

term memory, this is our ability to think about
Which among the following statement is
and manage our thought processes and
TRUE about experts vs. novices?
approaches to improve our thinking.
Your level of knowledge in a domain
Comprehension
affects your cognition within that domain
Consolidation
A type of heuristic in decision-making and
Cognition reasoning where we try to omit options
depending on their characteristics and focus
Metacognition
on each alternatives aspect as basis for
selection.

A type of problem with a clear path to its a) Elimination by Aspect

solutions. b) Satisficing
c) Availability Heuristics
Well-structured
d) Representative heuristics

A bias where there is a perceived relationship

that does not exist.
A part of the problem-solving cycle where we
Illusory Correlation
have to recognize that we have a goal or that

A type of fallacy where there is a mistaken the solution we had in mind does not work.

belief that a random event is affected by

Problem Identification
previous random events.
A fallacy where the way information is
Gamblers fallacy
presented influences how likely people draw

One of the symptoms of groupthink is an a correct conclusion.

instance where those who disagree with the

Conjunction fallacy
 Cognitive Psychology (REVIEWER)

According to Best (2003), these are specific
techniques to help you memorize a list of
words.
Mnemonic Devices
A fallacy where there is a decision to
continue to invest in something simply
because one has invested in it before and one
hopes to recover. investment.
Sunk-cost fallacy

Need for cognition is defined as

A way of keeping information active; A
repeated recitation of information. The motivation to take intellectual tasks
and challenges
Rehearsal
In Conrad and colleagues' study(1964), It has
A disorder where an individual has difficulty
been observed that our short-term memory is
in learning the rules that relate letters to
best encoded on
sounds.
Acoustic code
Dyslexia
individuals have a generally autonomous
……………individuals are seen as more likely
manner in interpersonal relationships
to rely on others, especially in ambiguous
(people who might be likely to form their own
situations.
opinions regardless of what their friends
Field Dependent think).

The following are conditions that may lead to Field Independent

groupthink except for the statement, ………
Asserts that information is forgotten because
a) members agree on acceptable of the gradual disappearance, rather than
group behavior ---- displacement, of the memory trace.
b) There is an isolated ,cohesive , and
Decay theory
homogeneous group that is
empowered to make decisions
c) Objective and impartial leadership
Kogan (1983) defined this style as "the extent
is absent, within the group or
to which a child delays response during
outside it
searching for the correct alternative in a
d) High levels of stress impinge on the
context of response uncertainty."
group decision-making process
Cognitive Tempo
 Cognitive Psychology (REVIEWER)
On studies regarding tests of cognitive
abilities from "The Bell Curve"(1994), IQ
scores are considered
Stable
Which among the following statements is NOT
true?
a) Age, ability, and expertise among
people can affect their efficiency in
acquiring or processing
information
b) Cognitive gender differences might
occur not on very specific tasks but
rather on broad approaches to
cognition itself -----
c) There are several differences in
cognitive processing
younger and older adults
d) Gender itself does not differentiate
the cognition of individuals,
cognitive capacities are
among gender -----
One of the proponents in cognitive psychology
made a theory on universal grammar where
children need to have a basic language to
fully understand grammar in the future.
Noam Chomsky
The earliest model on how people make
decisions devised by economists.
Classical decision theory
As a process, it refers to the dynamic
mechanisms associated with
retaining, and retrieving information about the
experience.
Memory
A part of the problem-solving cycle where we
have to define and represent the problem well
enough to understand how to solve it.
Problem definition and representation
Property of language that permits us to
communicate with one or more people with
our language.
Communicative
It is a strong memory of an incident which
between causes the person to recall as vividly as
though it were immortalized on film.
Flashbulb memory
equal
These are memories that are alleged to have
been pushed down into unconsciousness
because of the distress they cause.
Repressed memory
An approach to studying inductive reasoning
that helps how people make judgments about
whether something causes something else.
Causal inference
Cognitive psychologists equate with
intelligence.
Cognitive ability
storing,
 Cognitive Psychology (REVIEWER)

Learning An alternative view of reasoning that involves

mental operations based on observed
Skills
similarities and temporal contiguities.
Grades
Associative system
Subjective expected utility theory says that
A type of reasoning from one or more general
"the goal of human action is to seek pleasure
statements regarding what is known to reach
and
a logically certain conclusion.
Avoid pain
Deductive reasoning

This is how we retain and draw on our past

His theory captured the attention and experiences to use information in the present.
enthusiasm of many psychologists and
Memory
educators which proposes that people are not
born with all of the intelligence they will ever A distinctive sudden understanding of the
have. problem or of a strategy to aid in problem-
solving.
Howard Gardner
Insights
This term means certain personality and
motivational factors that influence the way a A process of producing something that is both
person approaches a cognitive task. original and worthwhile.

Cognitive Styles Creativity

A type of problem where the problem solvers
have difficulty in constructing an appropriate
mental representation for its solution path.
III-structured
This refers to how you retain encoded
information in memory.
The majority of information in _is represented
semantically.
long-term memory
This refers to the process of converting
physical and sensory information into a form
that can be stored in memory.

Storage Retrieval

This stage of sleep is very important for

memory consolidation.
 Cognitive Psychology (REVIEWER)

5 (REM) sleep

A type of bias where people tend to have

unrealistic optimism about their abilities,
judgment, and skills.

Overconfidence

The study of the interrelation between

linguistic factors and psychological aspects.

Psycholinguistics

One way of enhancing deductive reasoning is

being , which is an emotion proven to pay
attention more to details.

sad

These two concepts lighten the cognitive load

of making decisions, but may also allow a
greater chance of error.

Heuristics and Biases

The stable patterns of performance that differ

qualitatively and/or quantitatively across
individuals.

Individual Difference