GENERAL CHEMISTRY 1 - GRADE 12 (STEM) Self-Instructional Packets (SIPACKs)

LESSON 4: FORMULA WRITING AND NAMING COMPOUNDS

First Quarter
I. OBJECTIVES
A. Content Standard:
The learners demonstrate an understanding of the formula and name of compounds

B. Performance Standard:
The learners shall be able to write the formula and give the name of simple compounds

C. Learning Competency:
The learners should be able:
1. represent compounds using chemical formulas, structural formulas and models;
and
2. name compounds given their formula and write formula given the name of the
compound.

• Specific Objectives:
At the end of the lesson, the learners should be able to:
1. differentiate structural formula from chemical formula;
2. name compounds given their formula; and
3. write formula given the name of the compound;

II. CONTENT: Formula Writing and Naming Compounds

III. LEARNING RESOURCES

A. References
1. Teacher’s Guide pages: Teaching Guide in General Chemistry 1 (CHED-PNU)
B. Other Learning Resources
• Burdge, J. & Overby, J. (2012). Chemistry: Atoms first. New York: McGraw-Hill
• Chang, R. & Goldsby, K. (2016). Chemistry. (12th ed.). New York: McGraw-Hill
• Moore, J.W., Stanitski, C.L. & Jurs, P.C. (2012). Chemistry: The molecular
science (4th ed.). Belmont, CA: Brooks Cole/Cengage Learning
• Silberberg, M.S. (2017). Chemistry: The molecular nature of matter and change
(7th ed.). New York: McGraw-Hill

IV. PROCEDURE

(ELICIT)
A. Reviewing previous lesson or presenting the new lesson
Based on Lesson 3 module, kindly answer the following questions.
Q1. What are isotopes?
Q2. What are some of the applications of isotopes in our society?

(ENGAGE)
B. Establishing the purpose for the lesson
Q3. Why is it important to have a definite given name?

C. Presenting examples/instances of the new lesson

Write five elements that you know with their symbol.
Remember that the difference between an ion and an atom is the presence of charges. The
simple ions are derived from atoms through the gain or loss of an electron.

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(EXPLORE)
D. Discussing new concepts and practicing new skills #1
Q4. Complete the following concept map showing the relationship of these particles:

Ions can be made up of only one atom (monoatomic) or more than one type of atom
(polyatomic). Monoatomic ions are named based on the element.

E. Discussing new concepts and practicing new skills #2

For cations, the name of the element is unchanged. If an element can form two or more
ions of different charges, write the name of the element and the oxidation number used in Roman
numeral enclosed in parenthesis. Example, for Ca 2+, it is Calcium, because it has only one
oxidation number which is 2. In Cu 1+, it is Copper (I) because copper has two oxidation number
in the periodic table, 1+ and 2+.
For anions, the name of the element is modified by the suffix –ide. Example, Cl 1- is
chloride.
Name the following cations:
Q5. Zn 2+ Q8. Fe 2+
Q6. Mg 2+ Q9. Fe 3+
Q7. K +

Name the following anions:

Q10. Br - Q12. O 2-
Q11. S 2- Q13. I -

(EXPLAIN)
F. Developing mastery
Let’s Study This! Read the notes below:

Several anions are polyatomic and are named based on the atomic constituents and
the suffix – ide. The most common examples are:
• OH - – hydroxide ion
• CN - – cyanide ion.

A number of polyatomic anions containing oxygen atoms are named based on the root
word of the central (or non-oxygen) atom and the suffix –ate for the one with more oxygen
atoms and –ite for the one with less oxygen atom. Examples are as follows:
• NO 3- – nitrate ion
• NO 2- – nitrite ion
• SO3 2- – sulfite ion
• SO4 2- – sulfate ion
• PO4 -3 – phosphate ion

Some anions have common names ending with the suffix –ate.
• C2H3O2 - – acetate ion
• C2O4 2- – oxalate ion

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 The composition of a molecule or an ion can be represented by a chemical formula. The
formula consists of the symbols of the atoms making up the molecule. If there is more than one
atom present, a numerical subscript is used. Examples are the following:
• O2 – oxygen gas
• H2O – water
• NaOH – sodium hydroxide (liquid Sosa)
• HCl (aq) – hydrochloric acid (muriatic acid)

There are two types of chemical formulas:

1. Molecular formula – gives the composition of the molecule, in terms of the actual number
of atoms present. Examples are the following: (Research for the name of the following formula)
Q14. C6H12O6
Q15. C8H10N4O2
Q16. C6H8O6

2. Empirical formula – gives the composition of the molecule, in terms of the smallest ratio of
the number of atoms present. Examples are the following:
Q17. C12H22O11
Q18. Na2O

The naming of compounds follows a set of rules.

1. Binary compounds – made up of two elements. These are the rules for naming in two
groups of binary compounds:

A. Ionic compounds – made up of a cation and an anion. They are named by giving the name
of the cation first, followed by the name of the anion.
Name the following compounds: (The first one is given as an example.)
- NaI - Sodium iodide
Q19. MgCl2
Q20. FeS
Q21. K2O

B. Molecular compounds / Covalent – made up of two non-metals. They are named by giving
the name of the first nonmetal and then that of the second nonmetal modified by the ending -
ide. Prefixes like mono- for 1, di- for 2, tri- for 3, tetra- for 4, penta- for 5 are being used. Mono-
is not being used for the first nonmetal. Example it is Carbon monoxide, not Monocarbon
monoxide for CO. Molecular compounds are usually gases.
Name the following compounds:
Q22. HCl
Q23. CO2
Q24. SO3

2. Ternary compounds – made up of three elements. The naming of ternary compounds

follows the same rule as that of the binary ionic compound: the name of the cation is given first,
followed by the
name of the anion.
Name the following compounds: (The first one is given as an example.)
- KMNO4 - Potassium permanganate
Q25. NaNO3
Q26. BaCrO4
Q27. K2SO4

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 3. Acids – yield hydrogen ions in aqueous solutions.
A. Binary acids – composed of hydrogen and another element, usually a nonmetal. The first
part of the name starts with the prefix hydro- followed by the name of the element, modified by
the ending –ic. The second part consists of the word ‘acid’.
Name = hydro- (root name of element) -ic + acid
Name the following binary acids: (The first one is given as an example.)
- HF (aq) - Hydrofluoric acid
Q28. HCl (aq)
Q29. H2S (aq)
Q30. HI (aq)

B. Ternary acids – made up of hydrogen and an anion, usually containing oxygen. The first
part of the name consists of the root word -ate of the name anion, modified by the ending – ic.
If there is another acid with the same atoms, the suffix -ite is modified to -ous to denote the one
with less number of atoms. The second part consists of the word ‘acid’.
Name = (root name of element) -ic (or –ous) + acid
Name the following ternary acids: (The first one is given as an example.)
- HNO3 - Nitric acid
Q31. HNO2
Q32. H2SO4
Q33. H2SO3
Q34. H3PO4

(ELABORATE)
G. Finding practical applications of concepts and skills in daily living
After you have become familiar with the naming of compounds, it would be easy to write
the formula of the compound. In writing the formula, the total positive charges of the cations
should be equal to the total of the negative charges of the anion. The net charge should be zero.
Write your answers on your answer sheet.

A. Write the formula of the following compounds, given the name of the compound:
1. Silver nitrate AgNO3
2. Potassium iodide KI
3. Nitrogen dioxide NO2
4. Hydrobromic acid HBr (aq)

B. Complete the table by writing the name or formula of the ionic species.
ION NAME
Mn 4+ Manganese (IV) ion
Co 3+ Cobalt (III)
-1
F Fluoride

C. Complete the chart by writing the formula of the ions and of the compounds.
COMPOUND CATION ANION
2+
MgCl2 Mg Cl -
2+
Ba(OH)2 Ba OH -
NaKMNO4 Na + KMnO4 -

H. Making generalizations and abstractions about the lesson

After studying this lesson, remember the following science concepts:
• Most cations and anions can combine to form neutral compounds (typically solids under
normal conditions) that are usually referred to as salts.
• The net charge of an ionic compound must be zero. Therefore, the number of cations and
anions in an ionic compound must be balanced to make an electrically neutral molecule.

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 • When naming ionic compounds, the cation retains the same name as the element. The
anion’s name is similar to the elemental name, but the ending of the name has been
removed and replaced with “-ide.”
• If a metallic element has cations of different charges, which cation is used has to be
indicated by its suffix (an older method) or by Roman numerals in parentheses after its
name in writing (the Stock system ).
• In nomenclature of simple molecular compounds, the more electropositive atom is written
first and the more electronegative element is written last with an -ide suffix.
• The Greek prefixes are used to dictate the number of a given element present in a
molecular compound.
• Prefixes can be shortened when the ending vowel of the prefix “conflicts” with a starting
vowel in the compound.
• Common exceptions exist for naming molecular compounds, where trivial or common
names are used instead of systematic names, such as ammonia (NH3) instead of nitrogen
trihydride or water (H2O) instead of dihydrogen monooxide.
• Acids are named based on their anion — the ion attached to the hydrogen. In simple binary
acids, one ion is attached to hydrogen. Names for such acids consist of the prefix “hydro-
“, the first syllable of the anion, and the suffix “-ic”.
• Complex acid compounds have oxygen in them. For an acid with a polyatomic ion, the
suffix “-ate” from the ion is replaced with “-ic.”
• Polyatomic ions with one extra oxygen (as compared to the typical polyatomic ion) have
the prefix “per-” and the suffix “-ic.”
• Polyatomic ions with one fewer oxygen have the suffix “-ous”; ions with two fewer have the
prefix “hypo-” and the suffix “-ous.”
• Strong bases with “-OH” (hydroxide) groups are named like ionic compounds. Weak bases
are named like molecular compounds or organic compounds.

(EVALUATE) WRITTEN WORK

I. Evaluating learning
______1. X. Sr 2+ is Strontium.
Y. Ni 2+ is Nickel.
______2. X. Ternary acids are made up of hydrogen and a cation, usually containing oxygen.
Y. HCl is hydrochloric acid.
______3. X. HBr is Hydrobromic acid.
Y. SF6 is sulfur hexachloride.
______4. X. FeO is Iron oxide.
Y. MnO2 is Manganese (II) oxide.
______5. X. NO2, Nitrogen dioxide, is a covalent compound.
Y. MgCl2, Magnesium (II) chloride, is an ionic compound.
______6. X. Fe(OH)2 is Iron hydroxide.
Y. Li2SO4 is Lithium sulfate.
______7. X. Ionic compounds are made up of a cation and an anion. They are named by giving
the name of the cation first, followed by the name of the anion.
Y. Prefixes like mono-for 1, di- for 2, tri- for 3, tetra- for 4, hexa- for 5 are being used
in naming covalent compounds.
______8. X. BaCrO7 is Barium chromate.
Y. H3PO4 is Phosphoric acid.
______9. X. KMNO4 is Potassium manganate.
Y. Al(OH)2 is Aluminum hydroxide.
______10. X. Molecular formula gives the composition of the molecule, in terms of the smallest
ratio of the number of atoms present.
Y. Empirical formula gives the composition of the molecule, in terms of the actual
number of atoms present.

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(EXTEND)
J. Additional activities for application or remediation
Look for labels of kitchen or bathroom containers, food wrappers, or household chemicals. Look
for chemical names or formula written on the ingredients at the label. Take a picture or cut the part
of the label where the chemical names or formula are written and paste those cut-outs on the
household column. Complete the table by copying the name and writing the formula or vice versa.
Use A4 or Letter-sized bond paper. Hand in via MS Teams Class.

Household Materials Formula Name

GC1: LESSON 4 / QUARTER 1 / FIRST SEM / COLUMBA 6

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