IT1717

Relation and Inverse of the Relation Defined

What is a Relation? Domain

• It is a mathematical structure that is used to
represent the relationship between or among
objects of the same set or between objects of two
(2) or more sets.
• It is represented in the form of ordered pair.
Example:
• A = {Alvin, Bon, Carla, Daniel}; where set A is
intended for students
• B = {Computer Science, Information
Technology, Business Management,
Education}; where set B is intended for
programs
• This is the set of all first elements that occur in a
relation
Range
• This is the set of all second elements that occur in a
relation
Example:
• Find the domain and the range of the relation R = {(-
2,-2), (-1,3), (0,5), (1,-6), (2,9), (3,5), (4,11)}
Solution:
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Arrow Diagram of the Relation R Types of Relation

• Steps: • One-to-One relation
o Draw two (2) ellipses / circles for the two (2) o Example: R = {(1, 5), (2, 6), (3, 7)}
sets A and B
o Write down the elements of A and elements of
B in the column wise in ellipses/circles
o Draw an arrow from first ellipses/circles to the
second ellipses/circles if a is related to b and a
is an element of the set A and b is an element • One-to-Many relation
of the set B o Example: R = {(1, 2) (1, 3), (3, 4), (5, 5),
Example: (5, 6)}
• Let A = {1, 2, 3} and B = {6, 7, 8, 9}
• The relation R by the set of ordered pairs R = {(1, 6),
(1, 7), (2, 6), (2, 7), (2, 9), (3, 9)}

Solution:
• Many-to-One relation
o Example: R = {(1, d) (2, d), (3, e), (4, f),
(5, f)}

• Many-to-Many relation
o Example: R = {(1, a) (1, b), (2, b), (3, a),
(3, c)}

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 IT1717

Directed Graph of the Relation R What is Inverse of a Relation?

• Any relation R on a finite set A can be represented • It is formed by interchanging the components of
by the directed graph with A as its vertices and all each of the ordered pairs in the given relation
pairs (a, b)∈R as its edges
Example:
Example: • R = {(1, 2), (2, 4), (3, 6)}
• A = {1, 2, 3}
• R = {(1, 1), (1, 2), (2, 1) (3, 1), (3, 3)}

Properties of a Relation

Example:
• Is R reflexive?
• A = {1,2,3}
• R1 ={(1,1),(1,2),(2,1)}
• R2 ={(1,1), (1,2), (1,3), (2,1), (2,2), (3,3)}
Reflexive, if for all a ∈ A, (a,a) ∈ R
Solution:
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Symmetric, if for all a,b ∈ A, (a,b) ∈ R holds, (b,a) ∈ R
must also hold
Example:
• Is R symmetric?
• A = {1,2,3}
• R1 ={(1,1),(1,2),(2,1)}
• R2 ={(1,1), (1,2), (1,3), (2,2), (3,3)}
Solution:
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Transitive, if for all a,b,c ∈ A, whenever (a, b) ∈ R holds
and (b, c) ∈ R, (a,c) ∈ R must also hold
Example:
• Is R transitive?
• A = {1, 2, 3,}
• R1 = {(1, 2), (2, 3), (1, 3)}
Solution:
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Equivalence Relation: Example:

• Let R be a binary relation on a set A • Is R reflexive, symmetric and transitive?
• R is an equivalence relation if R is reflexive, o A = {1, 2, 3, 4}
symmetric, and transitive o R = {(1, 1), (1, 2), (2, 1), (2, 2), (2, 3), (3, 2), (3,
4), (4, 3), (3, 3), (4, 4)}
Solution:
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References:
Cabero, J., Lopez, R., Salamat, L. & Sta. Maria, A. (2010). Discrete mathematics 1. Quad Alpha Centrum Bldg., 125 Pioneer Street, Mandaluyong City:
National Book Store.
Inverse relation and function. (n. d.) Retrieved from http://www.mhhe.com/math/devmath/streeter/ia/graphics/streeter5ia/ch11/others/strI_11.1.pdf
Relations. (n. d.) Retrieved from http://www.utdallas.edu/~praba/Relations.ppt
Relations. (n. d.) Retrieved from http://slideplayer.com/slide/8350534/
Relation and function. (n. d.) Retrieved from https://stillreyes.weebly.com/uploads/3/0/7/6/30761739/4_-_relation_and_function.pptx.
Relations and their properties. (n. d.) Retrieved from http://courses.ics.hawaii.edu/ReviewICS241/morea/relations/Relations-QA.pdf
Representing relations. (n. d.) Retrieved from http://courses.ics.hawaii.edu/ReviewICS241/morea/relations/Relations3-QA.pdf
Representing relations. (n. d.) Retrieved from https://www.cs.virginia.edu/~asb/teaching/cs202-spring07/slides/17-representing-relations.ppt
Types of relations - One-to-One, One-to-Many, Many-to-One and Many-to-Many. (n. d.) Retrieved from
http://www.kwiznet.com/p/takeQuiz.php?ChapterID=10906&CurriculumID=48&Num=8.7

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