vnit-2. Combinatoay Com bi 2 ro binatory tthe: Study of arrangement of objects €9:2 Gambling games of obyect with the cesrtaln Counting the counting 4 & combinatostes. Properties te an im portant par Baste counting principle ¢ product Rule Sum Rule em possible outcome Product Rule t- when one task nas utcome (both a and another task has possible ° Gimultaneous task) wher tooth of “these tasks take place gr Aa Fh Za,v,c§ Gh arytt) od, Ce) AxB=1x3=3 Th one “task has ™ possible Outcome and Sum Rule i other task has possible 2 exactly one & outcome then thee we mtn possible oukcom 4 these tasks takes place- ) Wey pot @ 6 - PAC SHS HIS nia as Ar>c( =8. a Qae teow OY altfferent bi | ave ~there & [an Col OL apie lor} er , to et So) Lach of te Seven bits Can be choosen in “hu womeghs toe CoULe each bit ts eithey 0 or 4" Therefore the. pmdud wily. ; | | & Strings of length Seven rduct quk= 2¥2K ax DX 2KDND = ata128 pro fo many déttes a? ry) déffesent lfeense Plates ave antatlalole cach plate dorbafns, & Sequence & af three letters Folloaed by 3 digs : a ae A-2 9-9 0-9 979 361 36 To Te 10) 26 26 choics for each leer the product yule = 26 = th sow TrAPY ONE [Ne a set to bem elem Now !e Oy Aa the function at ar the value of He fu voays: Tr general the Y chaten 7) oom + men-9 09-29" wee Va set Bm with me ) tat Ax 4! ‘i Jae ( ws : t 4 spol posit to chorees -for ep one function with m elements “to wo det cpa there ene OF Emsn Qu PPOs am + There are 1234 Bri each Atgit BEX BEKIOKIO KIO 5 46000 possible (tance Plater 6 are there from Ake Set elements : fy ove Funckons fom elements > domain are one with? hs. element fo THE an ways te Choose the value of gecau the functor? te one Te one, Gan be picked antin—- 1D netion at ag functor at Orn can be ythere functions glue of “the 2 By the product ale, (nemtl are vem pene Te one B elements - lements ‘Te one vottth © +d wes US X20 24 " ee autifiytea” password whi ch ah cnaractes TS 0 } where each Bits & chasacters, long must Costa, | uppercase letier or a dtgre , hoo many PO Hl Gach user on a compucer Speer igit - ach password sot ble passumds aw \] atleast one ~there 2 | Let p be the total number OF possible passwords | Let pe, PryPs denotes The 72° of poss be Pon of letth 6th, a ond 8 eng ect vely, By dk gum aule ype Per Pith | | 64 % Po = 3b —26 i efa-z|n 24 }20 cil o: = 2196792336 - at 4 — | 30815176 [whe 1s] oJole | = 1864866560 pr | Prete pete Poe aclezg! L aie of a-l"a Taap ‘ 1 yy 26 OF Bg = 778, 364,16 yO% ~ 8931, B10, 14-6 t YBa = 770,332 353,920 ‘ fe = 3-268 “2 2,8 B 1109597, ¥56 — 208,827,064, 97 E = 212,28 2,842,850 Pe pet PatPs " = 2, Gay, 483,063,360 How many bie Statngs of length atght either stast with a 'A' bit % end votth two bith 00 2 | (AJ = No oF bit shyys. of lengh & that stast aith 4 gleits A; Cilorfor | oiler] aor By [As| = Nor oF BE shin of thet enl with [efor]9° Be Ina , . wy toe panerple of fnaluston )- eneiusion Or of poder dONh. 1S Peele § ‘su bhrache, se} oy 02-| x jag tl nal ermal ja jap oy 32 = \6o ra fotos y pies mane Posttve foteges Between 10° and 499- ed foe A juste abe caruestble! by *3 put nob by 4 integer between tne All positive ve aivic’ple by 3 equabs = 100 = 300. yooand 194% fnelusive bbe orand 44,1; boclusve | | 3 | pn posttive integers bJo too jand 4914 anclusivie ave | aivesitde bysiSpand Ute jp = Soo = JOOS | : AST exgiten AF Heece 5" Pi sttive, tEYers bene to y= 300-45 4 lave divisible bY 3 but rot y= 300-45 = 225 | Ptgeonhote “P snetple. Le < na | Pigeonhole priretple States “Uhet 1 “there“are’ wore | pigeons-thon gtgeo ARE rust be atleast GS pege’on hol | waithn atleast aod ts th pigpons to TES) ! bjeck are placed, ite K boxes, TH (e-+1) or more Ftege © e [eis ‘re alleast One bow containing too, OY more Of “cr object” . s yor i 1 . of ‘people te ensure | S vohot fs -the mmimam no- lthat -two people Shave te Same btathdey 2 n“ Ke 866 f | REN = 365 persons sey é -y | Ly}ay | a words with Same letter’ | K= 26 Lee =26tt= 25 of wo Aas me«_—_" a what fs the Minimum 707 | \ | Generalised penciple of pigeon hole TEN objects (Pigeons? Axe placed tte ke boxe? Cpigeorhch i ates [2 ase One bor Cortatony i nd a bon \ MEN 4 ee 4 | jthen thew | pbjech or (No) Beck, ee os ie atle z | ei ‘ony Arnoig Stoo ‘people, actleagt (sz. me. toes | ; Vipho were bom fo ine Same monte Cotlixy Sunctio | as Sect (2-4j=2 | (e412 | fa-a1=4 “Lsa= | pb uoh at tS the enintrum RuUMmber of, Stidentt vequired » ematics Clas ty be Sure thot attlease or) a atscree “math & possible grade ‘ | 6 receive ine fame grade, F there ave 5 c 014 i Ds Prbloin ion . pee) ee No: OF grades= No- oF pigeon holes = B= fe number of etvdlents.( piers) 19 } yx ieee | discrete | keky NPS ah nace atics Clow: } , bf. ! . | ney ple Toisas ay be i | enatizere Nov, 1 by generale besos sed ipegeonhole, pinaN-1 > 25 Ne 2st) Ne 26 leh inten ct cask Ste studenle of Shudente needed te ensure that gecoive “the game grade %S +he Smale atl Smalless Sait . poteger N Such -that fy 1-\4 | eg. the such enter fe Ne SRSA RH Db- gf you have only 2S gtudent 8 posstble —tor “Vhe#* oe oe have -@ 00 6 students have grade sot hat entrk urn Seceived each 6 1s: She vecetved Ae Game grade «thus, ? | mor OF students needeok te enauve That atleast & audents tll, Aeceve the game grade | Ghew “that among ony *t postive Steger: aoe | | enceeding, 2m Ahere must be an wnteyer tect aide ore of athe other wrregers - rh inlgeas ay 219%" ant) ate cach of Abe 9 etmes an odd aesteget Lantl Ww a Powet of ee) je ota | Let ay = 2 -4J tt ative Integy and Git odd -the ihe #€ Ky te a non- PY pe say Gee a odd Ole inkeges 4s Fa pod Jey than 29° Be caure there &¢ only 0 odel pr fellowes from the ey thao 205 ot tk tntese> qe” ‘Tnt] | arvheyed posttive inbegess 1 pigeonhole pone ple dint wo | pnust be eat. sthaetwe “Ise quth 5D | | Peseutatione and Combinations _ iii pea mutation woo permutation 5 of a Set of atetinet + of these OF ects ° “objects te an order arrangemen | der arrangement ot ee aleibety “age. a, See * [An ow “called ‘ae perraxtations | pln, B= py = wy an | (ort | where ca nee eee of pexmutactars an a Set ety tm the Set p = Torab mo" | me total no oF object ss Tot) 0+ of choosing oloje The oher form, . men-iplner2y ore (m— +1) tive totegey and ~ ts an integer are f Y% Tt n ts A pos with 1<..4n hn theve mtacig ned vr * x3p 3x44 B2yp 493 Loner D pon, = i wv, rf 9 and © are rntege wrth 9 5 > + n, shen) OCD) = mo) o~-wv) faleet a fist ave there “Th” frm 100 differ! Seto many woays : poze, zr prze, People voho hav ertere atdpadze winner A a Contestloon = M1 - tool Ais (Sl —_—— ae CED) (109-396 = ox dX BY YW) a} = loox 99 v/4% Com bination 7— : the’ pineess.of .seleciing thing te \Calted corbin ation jf , aa No- O-£ combinations of n'things baker % at ime, He froin «cl Me = ML = enya). Can ‘anorelered anrorgenet, (n-} “ : = $A, B, CY No of Corpbination of Selecting a Bey 3 whi 6, ghe 23! ‘ an en) ! 6 bX 8= FA, 8, e,d4 : ae 4, Nea, =. fo = 4} (4) Ax3SK2Y) ees De 2) ) $. . Bc, BB, o> 2 ¥x3nre) ns, RevA! : ON a pane) eG : hi r IT AH doregee 4 | many wads | gtandard deck ot “The 52 cards Coes not matiery C(52, 9) = Mey oes) = ow) «1 Consecutive y gtandad” deck, can be cleatt Lg 2 Also, how cards foro & Ato APY poker hande 5 cards from a Standard deck of 5? cand age tthe re te eeleck 41 62 Cards Y ds ave dealt are, abso, a deck of ee Oto eae phere 521 v yay 5! = go vsrveroriaXs nya ul es¥u yax rn! BK S1K SORUINS 5yvyuy By2x) 25 ,,98980 there ave 25,1898? cards that can be o of, 82 Cards: dithe rent poker fealt from & honds of S (52, 4a) © oo) (sz uF | 2 Del 2s 5luyl of Yr , = 29)98,95° e(s2, 5) = ecezy ur 25,98, 960 different et, there Ave also Tt follows th a Standard ways te gelect UF cards frm deck of Sa Cosds> (Neve ) CnnBinomial Coe-f-fretenti:— : ae Ones yes ' Your i the hitnbey of » combinations ™®™ & sek ath n-elements 1s often alenoted sya) thic Number 2, : ¢ In ber! Jaleo calied biHontal coeffrecent, because ~these numbers occur as conet-fetenbs Po, the cert of powers | binomial expressans Such as Ca+b>” . Simon aliases “the Binomial “theorem gives the Coetfrerent oF athe erpansion af poe Of binomial onpressions * A bivomtal ep ress 06 ty cthe Sem of boo tesms Such as (*+Y)_ | statement oa Lat and yy be variables and: tet: negative rata we | CON nn = (5 xo J ne ~ whe re wy 23,672 2 | . ors wr a (a) a3 ft als fF y* = wee QI ees seen CORNEAS sy ead is) the enpansion ‘of oy Hinds sper 12,3 “Abbe aunoni: | Given en prenion co Crypt Reve n=4 ee theorem PD | Binomiaoth = 2 ner " “yet vetyeG ye 4 (PW att iy ey + ut xy ut yok ia = ia ot at weal ueplt eM alban itey ty 3} ee a | yoy 4) Pye eye ny ay | ny 3t Q coy \ 7 - op ae yt cept WWihat is The empansior of cay) is Cory tere 1 Given. empresi™ B p45) 's223 Bino mi a ee aA, | on) iy | ony - = Ce gre ' Me = ax Ne 2 < Curyd © > eweg | Umtyp Bh aio? 4/73)! \ a 3) = a (3-03) 3) Bh 7 - (a >>} al ouy? = ea rey esr ey 1213 ay the exper what ee coe ecn of mY Coty ” Ve Know ” ~ oj I oS Ge Roy 0 that ee stheorem, 6 , mee eu? s B34 25, Com pare tb ‘ Ww, J J3 the coefterent of Pu W “oie Wu pow Apply j7 1B, carys ae (85x 2 v " eB 20 sath 8 Up a = io, = 29) fy (25-1391 19) 26) a 13 * stay te) : : {6 os 25 - 5§3,00,3008 * ee cpyl9 fs 2,00, 300 cethant wy ye ay ngion of +) po $0, j= 12 = pes y1a NS What fS ie coetficten of ™ YW othe, empantts, of (24-34? Wa, aroorntad (2 wv, ao! seve O% ee seepiie SS v : ay Geo 3) ' Aj 2s 5 p325\, 99 pyle on ended i bed ox (ray) 78 On ujeo : a oe / ‘3 ioe (34) 3 . a wm rae U3)? (~3>° 4 13 =L43).7 rey a U 13 LS 13 y : ae W33 [the coettrcient of IT TSE (ae | my | = 725, 2 Y | B 5- | Theovem:- integers am Caan Let 4 be a pon—egative e | shen 1 = CG Keo yal theo te™ .- mk y* Lol. By Bine ways = 2"oe met, yet Cities 2) ark OK Keo Qos } 2 (8) Corollary 2° 4 : od as em ntegens) then = (4? (es oo Let w be a positive ! By Binomial trom i wary = ax +e : K=D 1 Appl rely mst, ye ct ay ts Ut)? 2S ™) PK ci : Keo SF. , _. |. _ k ot keo () é 12 : — es 2 wt? ae | corollary 3% Het 1 be a non-negative int Nok Pu Ss Cr)=8 Keo WwkT Binomial theorem , a nek cary? a= 1 Vir Keo (Ce / 4 Apply Mey Ya? oe, - are (OM st ou 2 3 ark ; KMa ” AER Keo Ly pascal icenty and “Theortm- Leet 9 and —=_ make TREN Lon | > Wa“) tn ‘and J Tatangle oa rah Kk be 70 er tive Integes IH (we e)" ey. I a4 yi BD) tet) CRA} cnet) J - ae m ‘ tae ee Faeyr) ADOSER rege ety DoH DHO Ty 2! ink ee sea s MO gem EE (acer trcter9} CePl * | ween oh 2S eNO: wre! MCRD, mention?) ~ mas ye kere ‘mk Boke ae tee ot FL (mH OL EL Sak Gag 43) ©-kH1 yt SI al(ntd Lok FL tov) » Gack} EL = ors a | wk)! KI # | Theos & \Jandermonde!s id erstity ~ 45, cath | be Hone Negative vebepes my m on 0- then ga Let “mn and ¥ ing either Ww not exceedé My FRO 4m one Se gi Sorr* that cthere ave ™ frems . “ems 1D Second get ~ Th Aker -tytat * puc ber of wy |? ‘to pick. Y element Prong. the unto of these oe to pick ‘y. elernents fam, le talon Crt) | we We have pi | : Hemet” l{s % pick K elements Bar precy yk Blenerts Fam She frst Seti” othe product? he ' wn) $C| 2) Corollary 2 ' ; is S ge nts a nue trrtegey jthed 5 We \e as 20D oft- Pee Vander mend ds folenttty ee I | terpe & ( (22) ney = 0 man ) = < (. MD oo. La sen ero eat ay 2ORy Tee “Re ira the coefficient oF aly? to the aapanstn of So | cary wok smorg! Anuorem, ary = 3 aye | BO a6.\ 3273 2 | i; ; y | wet ca “yy = .( ° ) ih yeu gork 12, jr l2 fey ae om, Wed oe foy* ey” = go Ap besQue Hood many 3- -a 2S The cooptaee of ay Ms (2) * pentlor . yabiporr reo pot Generalized pesmutations and Combinations Nov we will show the hew To colue the counting PD blerny fan Once pohese wee mente may be used more Low many, Strings Of) Sngth ase“? car be “found [from the Grylish alphabetical are 26 eters and each letter By the product yule. theve | can be used Aepeatedly « + Vite vefote, ‘ [F © lane | of 26) Shiny of length + 7 ome en (26, ,26 (24 rf >. Hin rn 96 Permutations with repelitivn (sp sei repetition a “tps ee numbers. Can be found from ei e 2,314 sand. 6+ “Bowed and aot allowed: Woe BB SHEE Te tag oA pepatitin allot = 2-6 oe Tide sont ZL) ao Repetetinn alow = a6 4, 74 26, = 54 yae6o S 3 3 yok 3 Jetten lleiord hy vothout Like Weerse glace. number Consis Be rumber i Laytjo allowed - 0-4, 9-107 sepeatio alo as is 26x 26K 264 IOKIOXID = \ An : p geo eo oe Prpelition — 26 by BY *le = 2EXATK2YRIOKIK1 1 tpl, eq PF shot > fra ut pets 3 | 5 | yovteul Aprhules HAD alowed for packs : Reps si er is s | gna fp peungn2t St theorem t- There Ye atrnayt nO with m ase watt reteset ne corabinatons foro ston of elemedt te allowed | elements wher repetiti bends OF Cookies, has + dtHferent Guppose that a. cookle Shop |pow mony differed vgs Can 6 cookies be choosen %. | mea | ne 4, HEF, Coie Cc (nese eeerc ptt U0), eccutey © 9 ct4, 6) . . AGF ews AL te As qxsxir St Tae ee el Prava Bee sheib"aire 84 39 ee be eee ve SY Ways Te be chose? 4p, 6 Cookies t cprow many solutions does the Ogecation hove M21, WZ TB ZS Wyeagengiall the eguatfoo My 2 2g > oy . with x», fers of -Lype one y fp Solution To Subject te riRese consteaint tohich Means (Hh, Selection of M1 tems 3) corres pond to o{ — | Ma feeme af type 2 and %3 Teme of type “three. | | “tRerefore-the add MID 9 crm hg = TS | 2 |. “the addition 15 6 + it i |; “there ts atleast one teem of type Ir too Bem’ of | type 2 and ‘three ftems of type 3 r a tkems of type * 9 160, choose one teem of ype ls ae ie | a ttems a4 -type 3- | np Mtg ot ' A SN-6=5 [other Select 5 addttfonal! ttems py Theorem entra, 7). ‘ ae . 1. = B,C. choices) vod : ' 4 sock 4 tay a | etnye-1, OF C0348) 2) | = ¢(9,9 | af Ha hy ye axe. | | = les HF gay, | cash Pei ah g Sh eres Dishi buting aged tte Benes Many counthy nyo bles: can sche, ways, Objects! Can be placed J Distin gusable boxes: be Solved by enumerating inte bones Distinguishable objects an i ose here jo deshibute bands oF How man Sa 5 cw ae sc ae, ¢ S ‘played! torn he gkandord a | deck of 52 Cards Note ve pis on. be. ideal" s dvds ears woyp- pnd ban Can be. dealt §, Coes ‘in OL ns) onyd 3? ployes Car be eee pn be deatt 5 Cards in C(42,5) PA, [ioe yee fool 0° of ways dy deal 4 players iy ) ecurjs) 6C41 SIC cau) CUS2)5) ) Sey WT x uf] aL uy s\ ca ee ere DOs 3a Ss} ais) 52) ways sisi sts} | ' \o 4 place In atétingutsable way age there to pow men pals: tote eight atsenonett® pens: bins: | centychD = LEHI” j . = cole Ags ATE Wy S10 = at lo} Vee sagen eto x1 22M U1 6 xis yet aN 101" | WARE avfisiadyx ise” Tae cep hegre! pve de 3 Aa gy ye h4 Max Ya > i = 19ans Give, a combinatosial psoot tinat Hm PSS positive 4 hon) 2 \oreqer > a mene = = ” ye a[my be ®Pras. By “theorem Keo 4 aw bay mY Kase = = (e) mp | onde EDT k | | ciray= = (Det ares Bel eye +3 yee | ote ieee egity wregete nero! = ord a «(3) 2n +(2 oa te (Oats The cot 2) ene es yn, Agee ote, we io 4. 48! stint e*S° We on pe Yam ee twee ale Se 2 on . QD) Been oe soy 2) w 4 Be “@ 422 A838 ( Br 42) eed | “pane 34) Laer) a4 9 year: (RRP? | | | ay are vt (2, OD =H ae *|| pad 2 ED me anemen (24 OG) tk (R)+(2 Je ceciteee | | oe 9298 QI | | | | | ne | 1 Fa wocone es (7448 yao (2)eet*(2) x (RRR +n 2)4n or | hehe ta Ce £(2)aF (3-4 [dere CAT | Ae ar (D \ ee, |etpenatend = (4 FG)" a © o +(R)0 pt pamndelgy 4 BED SUEY | i +2) le eee “(p42 Dee 403 wes a at ( a) Smee 6 (9) (0) + (2)48(3)to- ak (D440) | Socom = SE bo |. Hes. proved,