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GOVERNM

MENT OF IND
DIA
OFFICE OF THE DIRECTOR
D R GENERA AL OF CIVIL AVIATIO
ON
Opp.
O Safda
arjung Airp
port, New Delhi
D – 110 003

SS
SP Divis
sion Cirrcular No.1
N off 2012
File No.:AV-15011/ASC/3
3/2012-AS (2
2)
Date
ed 26.10.201
12
Subject: Hazard Log Template

CAR Section
S 1 Series C Part I requires s Air ope erators, Aerodrom
A me
operato
or, ATS/A
ANS Service provid der to develop, esta aintain and
ablish, ma
e to a Safety Mana
adhere agement System. Effective safety re eporting oof
hazards by operrational pe
ersonnel, their ana
alysis and documen ntation is a
corners
stone for managem
m ment of safety.

The formal documentatio on of hazzards is ana essential requirrement fo or


hazard identificaation as well
w as a trait of mature safety management.
Safety information (i.e. analysed
a rraw data)) and safe
ety intellig
gence (i.e
e.
safety informatioon that haas been corrobora ated and ffurther annalysed bby
adding context)) combine to gen nerate saafety kno
owledge that musst
formallyy reside in
i the org
ganizationn and not with the individual memberrs
of the organiza ation. A formal re epository of safetty knowle edge is a
safeguard against vola atility of the infformation.. In add dition, an
a
organizzation thaat has historical
h safety knowledgee will ma ake safetty
decisio
ons based upon fac cts and noot opinionss.

Approppriate doccumentatioon manag gement reegarding h


hazard ide
entificatio
on
is impoortant as a formal procedurre to tran nslate raw
w operatio
onal safetty
informaation into hazard-re
elated knowledge. Continuo ous compilation and
formal management of this haza ard-relate
ed knowleedge beccomes the
“safety library” of
o an organ
nization.

To doccument thee hazardss in an ob


bjective manner, DG GCA has develope ed
a tempplate whicch is apppended too this circcular. Thee template
e provide es
minimuum fields for
f the do ocumentattion of the
e hazard. All the sta
akeholderrs
are advised to utilize this Hazardd log temp plate for documenntation and
analysiis purpose
e.
Sd/-
(L
Lalit Gupta a)
De
eputy Dire ector General of Civvil Aviatio
on

Distribu
ution: All Aircrafft Operattors /Aerodrome Operato
ors/Airportts
Authoriity of India
a
.

DGCA Template for Hazard Log
This excel spreadsheet is a template for the  The aim is to identify the high level risks the organisation  Detailed hazard logs will not be approved 
production of a hazard log ‐ also known as a risk  faces, to assess them, identify mitigations, and put in place  by the DGCA, and remain the responsibility 
register. actions to assure the risk control is implemented. of the individual operator.

Scroll down What does this spreadsheet do?
The template laid out in this Excel file is intended to assist organisations in preparing a hazard log. It contains guidance on the areas to be completed, along with a suggested hazard tolerability 
scheme. The hazard log is a critical part of the "safety library" of an organisation.

What is a hazard log?
Definition 1 Definition 2 Definition 3
"Unawareness and unwillingness can be overcome only through knowledge. The  “The continually updated record of the Hazards,  "Organisations should wherever possible maintain a 
formal documentation of hazards is therefore an essential requirement for hazard  incident sequences and incident / accidents associated  centralised log of all identified hazards. The nature and 
identification as well as a trait of mature safety management. Safety information  with a system. It includes information documenting  format of such a log may vary from a simple list of 
(i.e. analysed raw data) and safety intelligence (i.e. safety information that has  risk management for each Hazard and accident  hazards to a more sophisticated relational database 
been corroborated and further analysed by adding context) combine to generate  (incident). These Hazards, incident sequences and  linking hazards to mitigations, responsibilities and 
safety knowledge that must formally reside in the organization, not in the heads of  accident / incidents are those which could conceivably  actions (as part of an integrated safety risk 
individual members of the organization." happen, and not only the ones which have already  management process)."
been experienced.”

Source: EASA European Strategic Safety Initiative ‐ 
Source: ICAO Doc 9859  section 4.6.3 Source: Def Stan 00‐56 Issue 4
Guidance on Hazards Identification

What does the DGCA template contain and why?
ID Unique Hazard ID number assigned by organisations ‐ this allows traceability of the hazard (particularly if discovered via multiple sources)

Originator Name of organisation (as used by DGCA)
Method from which hazard was identified. Examples could include accident/incident investigations, safety audits, proactive methods etc. See sheet 4 of 
Source
this file
Location If applicable, the location of the hazard (identified by its ICAO designator if relevant)

Functional area The area (or function) of the operation within which the hazard resides

Hazard description A short description of the hazard. For guidance on hazard types, see sheet 5 of this file which gives a non‐comprehensive list
A short description of the worst credible effect of the hazard (what risk could the hazard potentially lead to?) and the reasons for the hazard leading to this 
Worst credible effect and reason
risk
Existing controls Identification of the existing mitigations (or controls) which prevent the hazard leading to the end effect

Outcome pre‐mitigation An analysis of the risk, in terms of probability, severity and ultimately tolerability (or acceptability) ‐ guidance on this process is shown in sheet 3

Additional risk controls If the risk is found to not be acceptable (or acceptable with additional mitigations), additional controls will be shown here

Outcome post‐mitigation Following the implementation of additional controls, the new outcome (risk) is analysed for acceptability

Action Specific actions are identified to implement any new risk controls

Owner Specific action owners are identified for each action ‐ the responsibility for implementation of the risk control lies with them

Deadline A deadline for the action should be fixed. It is not enough to identify risk controls and leave them to be implemented in five years' time
A review period should be specified, upon which the effectiveness of the new controls should be assessed. Are they effective, or are new risk controls 
Review period
necessary?
Worst 
Location 
Date added  credible  Additional risk controls (risk  Status and 
ID Originator Source (ICAO  Functional area Hazard description Existing controls (defences) Outcome Pre‐mitigation Outcome post‐mitigation Action Owner Deadline Review period
to hazlog effect and  mitigation strategy) completion date
designator)
reason
Severity Likelihood Risk tolerable? Severity Likelihood Risk tolerable?
HazID  Liaise with base airlines and vehicle 
Procedural mitigations promulgated  Procedural mitigations promulgated to  Mr A.N.Other, 
workshop ‐  owners to develop and 
Example 1 AAI n/a 15‐03‐12 ANS ‐ TWR service Loss of comms Accident internally to TWR ATCOs (exact ref to be  1 4 N flight crews and vehicle drivers (exact  1 5 Y safety manager,  01 January 2013 Open 01 January 2014
March  communicate procedures in case of 
given) refs to be given) TWR services
2012 (ref) loss of comms
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
Hazard tolerability (or acceptability)
In assessing the tolerability of various hazards, you must examine the worst credible effect (risk) associated with the hazard. Guidance on this can be found in ICAO Doc 9859 (Safety Management 
Manual). The characterisation of the worst credible effect is carried out using the variables of severity and probability (likelihood).

From ICAO Doc 9859: "The process of bringing the safety risks of the consequences of hazards under organizational control starts by assessing the probability that the consequences of hazards 
Scroll down materialize during operations aimed at delivery of services. This is known as assessing the safety risk probability. Safety risk probability is defined as the likelihood that an unsafe event or condition 
might occur.

The second step in the process of bringing the safety risks of the consequences of hazards under organizational control is the assessment of the severity of the consequences of the hazard if its 
damaging potential materializes during operations aimed at delivery of services. This is known as assessing the safety risk severity.

Once the safety risk of the consequences of an unsafe event or condition has been assessed in terms of probability and severity, the third step in the process of bringing the safety risks of the 
consequences of the unsafe event or condition under organizational control is the assessment of the tolerability of the consequences of the hazard if its damaging potential materializes during 
operations aimed at delivery of services.
This is achieved by combining the safety risk probability and safety risk severity tables into a safety risk assessment matrix."

The safety risk matrix, and specific scales used, can be individual to each organisation . However, in the interest of providing guidance to Indian stakeholders and maintaining a consistent approach, 
the DGCA is providing these two matrices below as a basis for stakeholders' hazard analyses. All stakeholders other than small NSOPs( operating 1‐2 aircraft) should use Matrix 1.

Matrix 1 - default Matrix 2 - to be used by small NSOPs only

Severity Severity

margins
s injury

impactt, or no
Catasttrophic

reducttion in
ent or
Hazarrdous

Negliigible

ance
ds to

Seriious

pact
ajor

nor

safety m

Nuisa
accide
Min

Lead

serious
Ma

imp
Probability
Frequent 5 Several times per year, or more 5
Probability

Occasional 4 Once per year for individual operation 3


Remote 3 Very unlikely to occur during lifetime 1
Improbable 2 A C E
Extremely improbable 1
A B C D E

Green means Tolerable risk

Yellow  means Tolerable risk if risk mitigations applied, and may require management decision for acceptance

Red means Intolerable under existing circumstances


Sources of hazard data
The following non‐exhaustive list shows the potential sources for hazard data. A reminder: a hazard is an event with the potential to cause risk (harm).

Accident / incident investigations
Flight Operations Quality Assurance (FOQA) ‐ also known as Flight Data Monitoring (FDM)
Cockpit Voice Recorders (CVR)
Internal safety audits
Flight reports (flight crew, cabin crew) ‐ including operational reports, hazard reports, incident reports etc
Maintenance reports
Hazard workshops (proactive brainstorming)
DGCA regulatory audits and surveillance activities
Mandatory Occurrence Reports
Voluntary reporting systems (anonymous)
Safety surveys
Line Operations Safety Audits (LOSA)
Change risk assessments (for operational changes)
Other organisations' hazard logs
Quality audits
Manufacturers reports
Safety Information Exchange programmes
CAR‐145 audits (if applicable)
Example hazards ‐ by type and per organisation
This spreadsheet gives some initial examples of hazards. It is in no way exhaustive. 

• Non stabilised approach • Failures of components
• Fatigue • Malfunction of systems Aircraft Operators (SOP and NSOP) ANSPs
• Defect control • Adequate facilities and  • Fatigue • Incorrect clearance given
• Runway incursion systems 
• Inappropriately applied  • Loss of communications • Wrong call‐sign
• Standard Operating 
Procedures not followed tools and techniques • Expired aeronautical information • Adverse weather conditions

Operational Technical

By type By organisation

Context Organisation Airport Operators Maintenance Organisations


• Weather (monsoon, icing,  • Unclear signage for runway • Use of non‐certified parts
low visibility etc) • Unclear responsibilities
• Re‐organisation • Fuel spilllage • Improper tools used
• Geographical  context 
(aerodrome specific) • Unclear authority for risk  • Badly lit ramp • Chemical spillage
• Economic context (e.g.  decisions
cost of fuel) 

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