List of rulers of Elam

This is a list of rulers of Elam from earliest times to the Persian Empire. All dates are middle chronology.

Elamite Empire, c. 2700 – 650 BC

The Elamites were a people located in southwestern Iran, in what is now Khuzestan, Ilam, Fars, Bushehr, Lorestan, Bakhtiari and Kohgiluyeh
provinces. Their language was neither Semitic nor Indo-European, and they were the geographic precursors of the Persian/Median empire
that later appeared.
 Entered Left
Name Image Title Born-Died Family Relations Note
office office

Old Elamite Period, c. 2700–c. 1500 BC

Early Elamite kings, c. 2700–c. 2600 BC

Awan dynasty,[1][2][3] c. 2600–2078 BC

contemporary with the

The unnamed c. 2580
3 King of Awan ?–? ? ? last king of the first
King of Awan BC
dynasty of Uruk[4]

4 ...Lu King of Awan ?–? ? ? ?

36 years. contemporary
c. 2550 with Lugal-Anne-Mundu
5 Kur-Ishshak King of Awan ?–? ? ?
BC king of Adab & Ur-Nanshe
king of Lagash

c. 2500
6 Peli or Feyli King of Awan ?–? ? ?
BC

7 Tata I King of Awan ?–? ? ? ?

8 Ukku-Tanhish King of Awan ?−? ? ? ?

9 Hishutash King of Awan ?–? ? ? ?

Shushun-
10 King of Awan ?–? ? ? ?
Tarana

11 Napi-Ilhush King of Awan ?–? ? ? ?

12 Kikku-Siwe- King of Awan ?–? ? ? ?

 Temti

13 Hishep-Ratep I King of Awan ?–? ? ? ?

?–c. 2325 c. 2325 Son of Hishep-

14 Luh-Ishshan King of Awan ?
BC BC Ratep I

c. 2325 Son of Luh-

15 Hishep-Ratep II King of Awan ?–? ?
BC Ishshan

?–2311 c. 2315
16 Emahsini[5] King of Awan 2311 BC
BC BC

17 Helu King of Awan ?–? ? ? ?

c. 2270 c. 2270 contemporary of Naram-

18 Khita King of Awan ?–? ?
BC BC Sin king of Akkad

contemporary of Ur-
Kutik- c. 2100 c. 2100 son of Shinpi-hish-
19 King of Awan ?–? Nammu king of Ur. Susa
Inshushinak[6] BC BC huk
conquered by Ur-Nammu

Shimashki Dynasty,[7][8] c. 2100–c. 1928 BC

The unnamed
?–c. 2100 c. 2100 cont. Kutik-Inshushinak
20 king of king of Simashki ? ?
BC BC king of Awan
Simashki

21 Gir-Namme I king of Simashki ?–? ? ?

c. 2040 c. 2037
22 Tazitta I king of Simashki ?–?
BC[5] BC[5]

c. 2033
23 Eparti I king of Simashki ?–? ? ?
BC[5]
24 Gir-Namme II king of ?–? c. 2033 ?
Simashki BC

king of
25 Tazitta II ?–? ? ?
Simashki

?–2022 c. 2028
26 Lurak-Luhhan king of Simashki 2022 BC ?
BC BC

27 Hutran-Temti king of Simashki ?–? ? ? ?

Indattu- ?–2016 son of Hutran-

28 king of Simashki ? 2016 BC
Inshushinak I BC Temti

before after 2005 son of Tan-

29 Kindattu king of Simashki ?–? conqueror of Ur
2006 BC BC Ruhuratir

cont. Shu-Ilishu king of

Indattu- c. 1980
30 king of Simashki ?–? ? son of Pepi[6] Isin & Bilalama king of
Inshushinak II BC
Eshnunna

c. 1965 son of Indattu- cont. Iddin-Dagan king of

32 Tan-Ruhuratir I king of Simashki ?–? ?
BC Inshushinnak II Isin

Indattu- son of Tan-

33 king of Simashki ?–? ? ? more than 3 years
Inshushinak III Ruhuratir I

35 Indattu-Napir king of Simashki ?–? ? ? ?

36 Indattu-Temti king of Simashki ?–? ? 1928? BC ?

Sukkalmah/ Epartid dynasty,[9] c. 1970–c. 1500 BC

31 Eparti II king of Anshan & Susa, ?–? c. 1973 ? Married with a cont. Iddin-Dagan king of
 Sukkalmah BC daughter of Iddin- Isin
Dagan king of Isin
in 1973 BC.[10]

king of Anshan & Susa,

34 Shilhaha ?–? ? ? son of Eparti II
Sukkalmah

son (ruhushak)[11]
37 Kuk-Nashur I Sukkalmah ?–? ? ?
of Shilhaha

Sukkal and Ippir of Susa,

Shepherd of the people of ?–after after 1894 son of Kuk-Nashur
38 Atta-hushu ?1928 BC
Susa, Shepherd of 1894 BC BC I (?)
Inshushinak

Shepherd of the people of after c. son of Kuk-Nashur

39 Tetep-Mada ?–? ?
Susa 1890 BC I (?)

40 Palar-Ishshan Sukkalmah ?–? ? ? ?

son of Palar-
41 Kuk-Sanit ?–? ? ?
Ishshan (?)

son of Lan-Kuku &

Sukkalmah, Sukkal of Elam
42 Kuk-Kirwash ?–? ? ? nephew of Palar-
and Simashki and Susa
Ishshan

son of Kuk-
43 Tem-Sanit ?–? ? ?
Kirwash

44 Kuk-Nahhunte ?–? ? ? son of Kuk-Kirwash

45 Kuk-Nashur II Sukkalmah, Sukkal of Elam, ?–? ? ? son of Kuk-

Sukkal of Elam and Nahhunte (?)
 Simashki and Susa

c. 1790 cont. Shamshi-Adad I king

46 Shirukduh Sukkalmah ?–? ? ?
BC of Assyria

Shimut-
47 ?–? ? ? son of Shirukduh
Wartash I

Siwe-Palar- Sukkalmah, Sukkal of Susa, before after 1765

48 ?–? son of Shirukduh
Hupak Prince of Elam 1765 BC BC

49 Kuduzulush I Sukkalmah, Sukkal of Susa ?–? ? ? son of Shirukduh

Kutir-Nahhunte c. 1710 son of Kuduzulush

50 Sukkalmah ?–? ?
I BC I

Atta-Merra- son of Kuduzulush

51 ?–? ? ?
Halki I (?)

brother of Atta-
52 Tata II Sukkal ?–? ? ?
Merra-Halki

son of Kuduzulush
53 Lila-Irtash ?–? ? ?
I

son of Kutir-
54 Temti-Agun Sukkalmah, Sukkal of Susa ?–? ? ?
Nahhunte I

55 Kutir-Shilhaha Sukkalmah, Sukkal ?–? ? ? son of Temti-Agun

Sukkal of Elam, Sukkal of before after 1646 son of Kutir-

56 Kuk-Nashur III ?–?
Susa 1646 BC BC Shilhaha

son of Kutir-
57 Temti-Raptash ?–? ? ?
Shilhaha
58 Shimut- ?–? ? ? son of Kuk-Nashur
Wartash II III

son of Kuk-Nashur
59 Shirtuh King of Susa ?–? ? ?
III

son of Shimut-
60 Kuduzulush II Sukkalmah, King of Susa ?–? ? ?
Wartash II

61 Tan-Uli Sukkalmah, Sukkal ?–? ? ? ?

Sukkalmah, Sukkal of Elam

62 Temti-Halki ?–? ? ? son of Tan-Uli
and Simashki and Susa

Kuk-Nashur
63 Sukkalmah ?–? ? ? son of Tan-Uli
IV[5]

c. 1500
64 Kutik-Matlat[4] ?–? ? son of Tan-Uli
BC

Middle Elamite Period, c. 1500–c. 1000 BC

Kidinuid dynasty,[9] c. 1500–c. 1400 BC

15th
65 Kidinu king of Anshan & Susa ?–? century ? ?
BC

Inshushinak-
66 king of Anshan & Susa ?–? ? ? ?
Sunkir-Nappipir

15th
67 Tan-Ruhuratir II king of Anshan & Susa ?–? century ? ?
BC
68 Shalla king of Anshan & Susa ?–? ? ? ?

c. 1370 cont. Kadashman-Enlil I

76 Tepti-Ahar king of Anshan & Susa ?–? ? ?
BC Kassite king of Babylon

Igehalkid dynasty,[9] c. 1400–c. 1200 BC

69 Ata-Halki[12] king of Anshan & Susa ?–? ? ? ?

70 Attar-Kittah I[12] king of Anshan & Susa ?–? ? ? son of Ata-Halki

71 Ige-Halki king of Anshan & Susa ?–? ? ? ?

c. 1390 cont. Kurigalzu I Kassite

72 Pahir-Ishshan I king of Anshan & Susa ?–? ? son of Ige-Halki
BC king of Babylon

son of Pahir-
73 Kidin-Hutran I king of Anshan & Susa ?–? ? ?
Ishshan I[13]

74 Attar-Kittah II king of Anshan & Susa ?–? ? ? son of Ige-Halki

Humban- c. 1370 son of Attar-Kittah cont. Burna-Buriash II

75 king of Anshan & Susa ?–? ?
Numena I BC II Kassite king of Babylon

Untash-
Napirisha or c. 1340 son of Humban-
77 king of Anshan & Susa ?–? ?
Untash- BC Numena I
Humban

son of Untash-
78 Kidin-Hutran II king of Anshan & Susa ?–? ? ?
Naprisha[13]

79 Napirisha- king of Anshan & Susa ?–? ? ? son of Kidin-

Untash or Hutran II[13]
 Humban-
Untash

80 Pahir-Ishshan II king of Anshan & Susa ?–? ? ? ?

Unpatar-
Napirisha or son of Pahir-
81 king of Anshan & Susa ?–? ? ?
Unpatar- Ishshan II
Humban

cont. Enlil-nadin-shumi &

c. 1224 c. 1217 son of Pahir- Adad-shuma-iddina
82 Kidin-Hutran III king of Anshan & Susa ?–?
BC BC Ishshan II Kassite kings of
Babylon[10]

Shutrukid dynasty,[9] c. 1200–c. 970 BC

Hallutush- c. 1200
83 king of Anshan & Susa ?–? ? ?
Inshushinak BC

king of
Shutruk- before c. son of Hallutush-
84 Anshan & ?–? after c. 1158 BC
Nahhunte I 1158 BC Inshushinak
Susa

Kutir-Nahhunte before c. after c. son of Shutruk-

85 king of Anshan & Susa ?–?
II 1155 BC 1155 BC Nahhunte I

Shilhak- son of Shutruk-

86 king of Anshan & Susa ?–? ? ?
Inshushinak I Nahhunte I

Hutelutush- before c. after c. son of Kutir-

87 king of Anshan & Susa ?–?
Inshushinak 1110 BC 1110 BC Nahhunte II
88 Shilhina-Hamru- king of Anshan & Susa ?–? after 1110 ? son of Shilhak-
Lakamar BC Inshushinak I

early 11th
Humban-
89 king of Anshan & Susa ?–? century ? ?
Numena II
BC

middle of
Shutruk- 11th son of Humban-
90 king of Anshan & Susa ?–? ?
Nahhunte II century Numena II
BC

middle of
Shutur- 11th son of Humban- Created the Kul-e Farah
91 king of Anshan & Susa ?–? ?
Nahhunte I century Numena II inscription
BC

Mar-biti-apla- before after 978

92 "son" of Elam ?–? ?
usur[14] 983 BC BC

? Akshir-Shimut king of Anshan & Susa ?–? ? ? ?

Akshir-
? king of Anshan & Susa ?–? ? ? ?
Nahhunte

? Kara-Indash king of Elam ?–? ? ? ?

Neo-Elamite Period, c. 1000–c. 500 BC

Humban-Tahrid (Neo-Elamite) dynasty,[15] c. 830–521 BC

The unnamed before c. after c. cont. Shamshi-Adad V

96 king of Anshan & Susa ?–? ?
king of Elam 821 BC 821 BC king of Assyria
97 Humban- king of Elam ?–743 BC ? 743 BC ?
Tahrah I

Humban- son of Humban-

98 king of Elam ?–717 BC 743 BC 717 BC
Nikash I Tahrah I

Shutur- son (Ruhushak) of

99 king of Anshan & Susa ?–699 BC 717 BC 699 BC
Nahhunte II Humban-Nikash I

Hallushu- ?–oct. oct. 693 brother of Shutur-

100 king of Anshan & Susa 699 BC
Inshushinak 693 BC BC Nahhunte II

Kutir-Nahhunte ?–July oct. 693 July 692 son of Hallushu-

101 king of Anshan & Susa
III 692 BC BC BC Inshushinak

Humban- ?–feb. July 692 feb. 688 son of Hallushu-

102 king of Anshan & Susa
Numena III 688 BC BC BC Inshushinak

Humban- ?–oct. feb. 688 oct. 681 son of Humban-

103 king of Anshan & Susa
Haltash I 681 BC BC BC Numena III (?)

Humban- ?–sept. oct. 681 sept. 675 son of Humban-

104 king of Anshan & Susa
Haltash II 675 BC BC BC Haltash I

sept. 675 brother of

105 Urtak[16] king of Anshan & Susa ?–663 BC 664 BC[16]
BC Humban-Haltash II

?–sept. sept. 653

106 Teumman king of Anshan & Susa 663 BC brother of Urtak
653 BC BC

Humban- sept. 653

107 king of Anshan & Susa ?–651 BC 651 BC son of Urtak
Nikash II BC

108 Tammaritu I king of Anshan & Susa ?–after 652 BC 649 BC son of Urtak
 645/4 BC

?–after
after July
109 Indabibi king of Anshan & Susa July 648 649 BC ?
648 BC
BC

Humban- ?–after after July son of Atta-hamiti-

110 king of Anshan & Susa 645/4 BC
haltash III 645/4 BC 648 BC Inshushinak

?–after son of Tammaritu

108 Tammaritu II king of Anshan & Susa 647 BC 647 BC
645/4 BC I

Humban- ?–after son of Atta-Merra-

111 king of Anshan & Susa 647 BC 647 BC
Nikash III 645/4 BC Halki

112 Umhuluma king of Anshan & Susa ?–? 647 BC 647 BC ?

after
Indattu-
113 king of Anshan & Susa ?–? 647 BC autumn ?
Inshushinak IV
646 BC

114 Humban-Hapua king of Anshan & Susa ?–? 647 BC 647 BC ?

?–after autumn after

115 Pa'e king of Anshan & Susa ?
645/4 BC 646 645/4 BC

after
Shutur- son of Indattu- Loses Anshan to Teispes
116 king of Anshan & Susa ?–? autumn ?
Nahhunte III Inshushinak IV in 650 BC
646 BC

117 Humban-Kitin king of Susa ?–? last ? son of Shutur-

 quarter of Nahhunte III
7th
century

Humban-
118 king of Susa ?–? ? ? ?
Tahrah II

Hallutash- son of Humban-

119 king of Susa ?–? ? ?
Inshushinak Tahrah II

first
quarter of
120 Ummanunu I king of Susa ?–? 6th ? ?
century
BC

first
quarter of
Shilhak- son of Ummanunu
121 king of Susa ?–? 6th ?
Inshushinak II I
century
BC

Temti-Humban- before son of Shilhak-

122 king ?–? ?
Inshushinak II 550 BC Inshushinak II

c. 549/8
123 Halkatash king of Susa ?–? ? ?
BC

124 Açina king of Elam ?– ? December son of Upadrama

December 10, 522
BC
 10, 522
BC

Ummanunu II or
?– December
Humban- February
125 king of Elam February 10, 522 ?
Nikash IV 521 BC
521 BC BC
(Ummaniš)

Atta-hamiti- ?–520/19 520/19 son of Hutran-

126 king of Anshan & Susa ? He was also king of Gisati
Inshushinak BC BC Temti

Minor Elamite Kingdoms, c. 2700 – 519 BC

 Middle Elamite
Old Elamite Period, c. 2700–c. 1500 BC Period, c. 1500– Neo-Elamite Period, c. 1000 – 519 BC
c. 1000 BC

Hidalu kingdom, c. 660–c. 6th century BC

Hamazi dynasty[17] (c. 2530–c. 2030 BC) Hidalu was located near modern Behbahan.

Hamazi probably was located in Lorestan.

1. Shutur-Nahhunte (until 653 BC)
brother(?) of Temti-Humban-Inshushinak
1. Hatanish (7 years fl. c. 2530 BC) [18]
I
2. Zizi (precise dates unknown)
2. Tammaritu (after Sept. 653 – after 652
3. Ur-Adad (precise dates unknown)
BC) son of Urtak king of Elam
4. Ur-Ishkur (before 2041 – after 2037 BC)
3. Kurlush (precise dates unknown)
5. Warad-Nannar (after 2037 BC)
4. Kidin-Hutran (early 6th century BC) son
of Kurlush

Rashi kingdom, c. 660–c. 640 BC

Sherihum kingdom,[19] c. 2400–c. 2300 BC
1. Indabibi (before 649 – after July 648)
Sherihum is the ancient name of northern areas of Persian Gulf. Also the great king of Elam

1. [ ... ]hi (c. before 2371 BC) 2. Imbapi (before 647 – autumn 646 BC)
husband of sister of Humban-Haltash III
2. [ ... ]ru (c. 2316 BC)
king of Elam
3. The unnamed king of Sherihum (until 2305 BC). Also he was king
3. Pa'e (autumn 646 – after 645/4 BC) Also
of Anshan
the great king of Elam

Anshan dynasty[3] (c. 2350–c. 1970 BC) Aiapir kingdom, c. 7th century BC
Anshan was located at Marvdasht of Fars near Persepolis. Aiapir is the ancient name of modern Izeh.

1. The unnamed king of Anshan (until 2305 BC) king of Sherihum & 1. Tahhi-hi (precise dates unknown)
Anshan. He was defeated & sent to Akkad.
2. Hanne (cont. with Shutur-Nahhunte III
2. Shalabum[20] (before 2068 until 2064 BC) married with a daughter king of Elam) son of Tahhi-hi
of Shulgi king of Ur
3. Zashehshi (precise dates unknown) son
3. Libum[20] (from 2064 BC) made some wars against Ur of Hanne

4. The unnamed king of Anshan (c. 2041–2037 BC) married with a

daughter of Shu-Sin king of Ur

5. The unnamed king of Anshan (until 2017 BC) married with a

daughter of Ibbi-Sin king of Ur

6. Imazu (cont. Shu-ilishu king of Isin) restored statue of Nannar to

Isin son of Kindattu king of Simashki

7. Eparti II (cont. Iddin-Dagan king of Isin) (Sukkalmah & king of

Anshan & Susa). Married with a daughter of Iddin-Dagan king of
Isin in 1973 BC.[10]

Gisati kingdom, c. 7th century – 519 BC

Tukrish kingdom, c. 2350–c. 2250 BC 1. Shati-Hupiti (late 7th century BC)
The site of Tukrish is unknown.
2. Humban-Shuturuk son of Shati-Hupiti

1. Autalummash[21] (c. 2350 BC) Also king of kings of Elam (early 6th century BC)

2. Immashkush (after 2292 BC)[22] 3. Hutran-Temti (middle 6th century BC)

3. Kiklipatalish (after 2292 BC)[22] 4. Atta-hamiti-Inshushinak son of Hutran-

Temti (until 520/19 BC)
Khukhnur kingdom,[19] c. 2350–c. 2000 BC Elammat kingdom, Zamin kingdom, c. 7th century–c. 6th century
1. Zina (c. 2325 BCE) c. 14th century BC BC
1. Hurpatila (c. 1. Bahuri I (late 7th century BC)[23]
2. The unnamed king of Khukhnur (c. 2100 BCE)
1350–c. 1340
2. Bahuri II (early 6th century BC)[24]
3. The unnamed king of Khukhnur (until 2041 BCE) BC)
4. Simhuzia (from 2041 BCE)

5. The unnamed king of Khukhnur (until 2017 BCE)

Der kingdom, c. 2350–c. 646 BC Der kingdom, c. Der kingdom, c. 2350–c. 646 BC
2350–c. 646 BC 1. The unnamed king of Der (until 819 BC)
Der was located at modern Ilam province of Iran.
1. Lakti-Shikhu
2. Tandaia (c. 668 BC)
1. The unnamed king of Der (until c. 2350 BC) (c. 1110 BC)
3. Tammaritu (648/9–647 BC) brother of
2. Ursin (from 2050 BC)
Urtak king of Elam
3. The unnamed king of Der (after 2006 BC)

4. Anum-muttabil (c. 1932–c. 1928 BC)

5. Manana (c. 1886–c. 1881 BC)

6. Naqimum (precise dates unknown)

7. Sumu-iamutbala (c. 1855 BC)

8. Manium (c. 1849 BC)

9. Temti-Shilhak (precise dates unknown)

10. Kutir-Mabuk (c. 1828–1818 BC)

11. Rim-Sin I (1818 – after 1763 BC)

 12. Rim-Sin II (before 1741–1736 BC)

Samati kingdom, c. 6th century BC‫غار کلماکره‬

The remains of kings of Samati have been

discovered from a cave near modern Pol-e-
Dokhtar.

1. Dabala[25]
Adamdun kingdom, c. 2200–c. 2027 BC
2. Ampirish[25] son of Dabala

3. Anni-Shilha[25] son of Dabala

4. Unzikillik[26] son of Anni-Shilha

5. Zittiyash[27]

6. Unsak[28] son of Zittiyash

Zari kingdom, c. 6th century BC

Simanum kingdom, c. 2050–c. 2000 BC
1. Appalaya[29]

Awak kingdom, c. 2050 – c. 2000 BC

Kings of Elymais, c. 147 BC – c. 224 AD

This section draws on Wiesehöfer and Pakzadian.[30]

1. Kamnaskires I Megas Soter (c. 147–c. 145 BC)

2. Kamnaskires II Nikephoros (c. 145–c. 139 BC)

3. Okkonapses (c. 139/8 BC)

 4. Tigraios (c. 138/7–c. 133/2 bc)

5. Darius (before c. 129 BC)

6. Kamnaskires III Megas Nikephorus (c. 85 BC)

7. Kamnaskires IV (c. 82/1–c. 76/5 BC) with Anzaze (his Queen)

8. Kamnaskires V[31] (c. 73/2–c. 46 BC)

9. Kamnaskires VI[32] (c. 46–c. 28 BC)

10. Kamnaskires VII[33] (c. 28 BC–c. 1 AD)

11. Kamnaskires VIII[34] (c. 1–c. 15 AD)

12. Kamnaskires IX[35] (c. 15–c. 25 AD)

13. Orodes I (c. 25–c. 50 AD)

14. Orodes II (c. 50–c. 70 AD), son of Orodes I

15. Phraates[36] (c. 70–c. 90 AD), son of Orodes (I or II)

16. Orodes III[37] (c. 90–c. 100 AD), son of Orodes II

17. Kamnaskires-Orodes[38] (c. 100–c. 120 AD), son of Orodes II

18. Ariobarzanes (c. 125 AD)

19. Osroes (c. 125–c. 130 AD)

20. Unknown King I (c. 130–c. 140 AD)

21. Orodes IV[39] & Ulpan (c. 140–c. 160 AD)

22. Abarbasi[40] (c. 160–c. 170 AD)

23. Orodes V[41] (c. 170–c. 180 AD), son of Beldusa

24. Vologases[42] (c. 180–c. 190 AD)

25. Unknown King II[43] (c. 190–c. 210 AD)

26. Unknown King III[44] (c. 210–c. 220 AD)

27. Orodes VI[45] (c. 220 – 224 AD)

Notes

1. Awan's geographical site is unknown. But it is very probable that it was
near Poshtkuh of Lorestan.
2. The first three kings of Awan were also kings of Mesopotamia.
3. Legrain, 1922; Cameron, 1936; The Cambridge History of Iran; Hinz,
1972; The Cambridge Ancient History; Majidzadeh, 1991; Majidzadeh,
1997; Vallat "Elam ...", 1998.
9. Cameron, 1936; The Cambridge History of Iran; Hinz, 1972; The
Cambridge Ancient History; Majidzadeh, 1991; Majidzadeh, 1997; Vallat,
"Elam ...", 1998.
10. Vallat, "Elam ...", 1998.
11. "Ruhushak" means son of sister but probably it refers to a dynastical
marriage between siblings. See Vallat, "Elam ...", 1998.

4. Cameron, 1936. 12. Majidzadeh, 1991.

5. Potts, 1999. 13. Vallat, Francois. Elam: The History of Elam.

6. Hinz, 1972. 14. He was also king of Babylon.

7. Some archaeologists have suggested that Simashki was located in the 15. Cameron, 1936; The Cambridge History of Iran; Hinz, 1972; The
north of Elam and Anshan near modern Isfahan. Cambridge Ancient History; Majidzadeh, 1991; Vallat, 1995; Majidzadeh,
1997; Vallat, "Elam ...", 1998; Reade, 2000; Henkelman, 2003; Tavernier,
8. Cameron, 1936; The Cambridge History of Iran; Hinz, 1972; The
2004.
Cambridge Ancient History; Majidzadeh, 1991; Majidzadeh, 1997; Vallat
"Elam ...", 1998.
16. D. T. Potts (12 November 2015). The Archaeology of Elam: Formation
and Transformation of an Ancient Iranian State (https://books.google.co
m/books?id=WE62CgAAQBAJ&pg=PA269) . Cambridge University
Press. p. 269. ISBN 978-1-107-09469-7.
29. Vallat, "Elam ...", 1998. Henkelman, 2003. Tavernier, 2004.
30. Wiesehöfer, 1996, p. 318. Pakzadian, 2007, pp. 56-57 & VII-X.
31. According to Pakzadian, 2007: Kamnaskires V, VI, VII, VIII and IX.

17. Legrain, 1922; Cameron, 1936; D’yakonov, 1956; Hinz, 1972; The 32. According to Pakzadian, 2007: Kamnaskires X and XI.
Cambridge Ancient History; Majidzadeh, 1991; Majidzadeh, 1997; Vallat 33. According to Pakzadian, 2007: Kamnaskires XII and XIII.
"Elam ...", 1998.
34. According to Pakzadian, 2007: Kamnaskires XIV and XV.
18. He was also king of Mesopotamia.
35. According to Pakzadian, 2007: Late Kamnaskires Successors types 1, 2
19. Legrain, 1922; Cameron, 1936; D’yakonov, 1956; The Cambridge History and 3.
of Iran; Hinz, 1972; The Cambridge Ancient History
36. According to Pakzadian, 2007: Phraates I, II and III.
20. Legrain, 1922.
37. According to Pakzadian, 2007: Orodes III and IV.
21. Cameron, 1936, Persian tr. P. 180
38. According to Pakzadian, 2007: Kamnaskires-Orodes I and II.
22. Cameron, 1936, Persian tr. p.181.
39. According to Pakzadian, 2007: Orodes V, VI and VII.
23. Vallat, 1998. Reade, 2000. Henkelman, 2003. Tavernier, 2004.
40. According to Pakzadian, 2007: 1st Unknown King (A)
24. Vallat, "Zamin ...", 1998. Reade, 2000. Henkelman, 2003. Tavernier, 2004.
41. According to Pakzadian, 2007: Unknown Kings 2nd(B), 3rd(C) and 4th(D)
25. Vallat, 1996. Tavernier, 2004.
42. According to Pakzadian, 2007: Vologases I and II.
26. Vallat, 1996.
43. According to Pakzadian, 2007: Unknown Kings 5th(E), 6th(F) and 7th(G)
27. Vallat, 2002.
44. According to Pakzadian, 2007: Unknown Kings 8th(H) and 9th(I)
28. Vallat, 2002. Tavernier, 2004.
45. According to Pakzadian, 2007: 10th Unknown King (J)

Bibliography
Cameron, George, "History of Early Iran", Chicago, 1936 (repr., Chicago, 1969; tr. E.-J. Levin, L’histoire de l’Iran antique, Paris, 1937; tr. H.
Anusheh, ‫ایران در سپیده دم تاریخ‬, Tehran, 1993)

D’yakonov, I. M., "Istoriya Midii ot drevneyshikh vremen do kontsa IV veka do n.E" (The history of Media from ancient times to the end of
the 4th century BCE), Moscow and Leningrad, 1956; tr. Karim Kešāvarz as Tāriḵ-e Mād, Tehran, 1966.

Henkelman, wouter. Defining Neo-Elamite History. ARTA, 2003. (http://www.achemenet.com/pdf/souspresse/henkelman/waters.pdf)

Hinz, W., "The Lost World of Elam", London, 1972 (tr. F. Firuznia, ‫دنیای گمشده ایالم‬, Tehran, 1992)

Legrain, Leon, "Historical Fragments", Philadelphia, The University of Pennsylvania Museum Publications of the Babylonian Section, vol.
XIII, 1922. (https://web.archive.org/web/20101107074550/http://www.etana.org/coretexts/14913.pdf)

Majidzadeh, Yusef, "History and civilization of Elam", Tehran, Iran University Press, 1991.

Majidzadeh, Yusef, "History and civilization of Mesopotamia", Tehran, Iran University Press, 1997, vol.1.

Pakzadian, Hasan. "The Coins of Elymais", Tehran, 2007. (in Persian)

Potts, D. T., The Archaeology of Elam, Cambridge University Press, 1999.

Reade, Julian E. Elam after the Assyrian Sack of Susa in 647 B.C. NABU, 2000. (http://www.achemenet.com/pdf/nabu/nabu2000-080.pdf)

Tavernier, Jan. Some Thoughts on Neo-Elamite Chronology. ARTA, 2004. (http://www.achemenet.com/ressources/enligne/arta/pdf/2004.

003-Tavernier.pdf)

The Cambridge Ancient History

The Cambridge History of Iran

Vallat, Francois. Elam: The History of Elam. Encyclopaedia Iranica, vol. VIII pp. 301-313. London/New York, 1998. (http://www.iranicaonlin
e.org/articles/elam-i)

Vallat, Francois. Shutruk-Nahunte, Shutur-Nahunte et l'imbroglio neo-elamite. NABU, 1995. (http://www.achemenet.com/pdf/nabu/nabu1

995-044.pdf)
 Vallat, Francois. Le royaume elamite de SAMATI. NABU, 1996. (http://www.achemenet.com/pdf/nabu/nabu1996-031.pdf)

Vallat, Francois. Les pretendus fonctionnaires Unsak des texts neo-elamites et achemenides. ARTA, 2002. (http://www.achemenet.com/r
essources/enligne/arta/pdf/2002.006.pdf)

Vallat, Francois. Le royaume elamite de Zamin et les 'Letters de Nineveh'. Iranica Antique, 33, 1998. pp. 95–106.

Wiesehöfer, Josef, "ANCIENT PERSIA from 550 BC to 650 AD", tr. by Azizeh Azodi, I.B.Tauris Publishers, London, 1996.

www.parthia.com (http://www.parthia.com)

External links

Dynastic list of the kings of Awan and Simashki - Louvre Museum (https://www.louvre.fr/en/oeuvre-notices/dynastic-list-kings-awan-and-
simashki)

Retrieved from "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?

title=List_of_rulers_of_Elam&oldid=1054120923"

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