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± 1ൗ2

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𝒆 = −𝟏, 𝟔 . 𝟏𝟎−𝟏𝟗

𝑸 = 𝒏. 𝒆

▪
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▪
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▪
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▪
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▪ 𝑅12

𝑸𝟏 𝑸𝟐
𝑭=
𝟒𝝅𝜺𝟎 𝑹𝟐𝟐𝟏
𝜺𝟎 = 𝟖, 𝟖𝟓𝟒. 𝟏𝟎−𝟏𝟐 𝑭/𝒎

𝑸𝟏 𝑸𝟐
𝑭𝟐𝟏 = 𝒂𝑹𝟐𝟏
𝟒𝝅𝜺𝟎 𝑹𝟐𝟐𝟏
▪

▪ 𝑅12

𝑸𝟏 𝑸𝟐
𝑭=
𝟒𝝅𝜺𝟎 𝑹𝟐𝟏𝟐
𝜺𝟎 = 𝟖, 𝟖𝟓𝟒. 𝟏𝟎−𝟏𝟐 𝑭/𝒎

𝑸𝟏 𝑸𝟐
𝒂𝑹𝟏𝟐 ?
𝑭𝟐𝟏 = 𝒂𝑹𝟏𝟐 𝑹𝟏𝟐
𝟒𝝅𝜺𝟎 𝑹𝟐𝟏𝟐 𝒂𝑹𝟏𝟐 =
𝐑 𝟏𝟐
▪

▪ 𝑄1 =
− 300 𝜇𝐶 𝑄2 = 10 𝜇𝐶
𝑄1 𝑄2

𝑭𝟐𝟏 = −𝟎, 𝟓𝟐𝒂𝐱 − 𝟏, 𝟓𝟓𝒂𝐲 − 𝟏, 𝟎𝟑𝒂𝐳

𝑸𝟏 𝑸𝟐
𝑭=
𝟒𝝅𝜺𝟎 𝑹𝟐𝟐𝟏
𝜺𝟎 = 𝟖, 𝟖𝟓𝟒. 𝟏𝟎−𝟏𝟐 𝑭/𝒎

𝑸𝟏 𝑸𝟐
𝑭𝟐𝟏 = 𝒂𝑹𝟐𝟏
𝟒𝝅𝜺𝟎 𝑹𝟐𝟐𝟏
▪

𝒒𝑸𝒊
𝑭 = σ𝑵
𝒊=𝟏 𝒂𝑹𝒊
𝟒𝝅𝜺𝟎 𝑹𝟐𝒊
▪

𝑸𝒑 > 𝟎

𝑸𝒑 < 𝟎
▪

𝑸𝑸𝒑
𝑭= 𝒂𝑹𝒑
𝟒𝝅𝜺𝟎 𝑹𝟐𝒑

𝑭 𝑸 𝑵 𝑽
𝑬= 𝑬= 𝒂𝑹
𝑸𝒑 𝟒𝝅𝜺𝟎 𝑹𝟐𝒑 𝒑 𝑪 𝒎
▪

𝑸
𝑬= 𝒂𝑹
𝟒𝝅𝜺𝟎 𝑹𝟐𝒑 𝒑

𝑭 𝜺 = 𝜺𝟎 𝜺𝒓
𝑬 = lim
𝑸𝒑 →𝟎 𝑸𝒑
𝜺𝒓
▪

𝐹Ԧ
𝐸

𝑸𝒑 > 𝟎

𝑸𝒑 < 𝟎
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𝐸 𝐸
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▪
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▪
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✓
▪

▪ 0,3 𝜇𝐶

𝑸
𝑬= 𝒂𝑹𝒑
𝑹𝒑 = −𝟎, 𝟏𝒂𝐱 + 𝟎, 𝟓𝒂𝐲 + 𝟎, 𝟑𝟓𝒂𝐳 𝟒𝝅𝜺𝟎 𝑹𝟐𝒑

|𝑹𝒑 | = 𝟎, 𝟔𝟏𝟖𝟓 𝒎 𝒂𝒑 = −𝟎, 𝟏𝟔𝒂𝐱 + 𝟎, 𝟖𝒂𝐲 + 𝟎, 𝟓𝟕𝒂𝐳

𝑬 = 𝟏𝟏𝟑𝟗, 𝟕𝒂𝐱 − 𝟓𝟔𝟗𝟕, 𝟖𝒂𝐲 − 𝟑𝟗𝟖𝟖, 𝟔𝒂𝐳

▪

𝑸
𝑬= 𝒂𝑹
𝟒𝝅𝜺𝟎 𝑹𝟐𝒑 𝒑 𝜺 = 𝜺𝟎 𝜺𝒓

▪ 𝜀𝑟 :

𝑫 = 𝜺𝑬
‫▪‬

‫▪‬

‫𝑸‬
‫=𝑫‬
‫𝟐𝑹𝝅𝟒‬

‫▪‬

‫▪‬

‫𝝓‬ ‫𝑸‬
‫𝑸 = 𝑺𝒅𝑫 𝒔ׯ = 𝝓‬ ‫=𝑫‬ ‫=‬
‫𝟐𝑹𝝅𝟒‬ ‫𝟐𝑹𝝅𝟒‬
▪

▪ 𝜌𝑙

𝝆𝒍
𝑫=
𝟐𝝅𝒓

𝝆𝒍
𝑬=
𝟐𝝅𝜺𝒐 𝒓
▪

▪ 𝐹𝑎𝑝𝑙𝑖𝑐𝑎𝑑𝑎

▪
▪

▪ 𝑄𝑝

Ԧ 𝑑𝑙 = −𝑄𝑝 𝐸𝑑𝑙
𝑑𝑊 = −𝐹.

▪ 𝑄𝑝
𝐴
Ԧ
𝑊 = න 𝐹𝑑𝑙
𝐵𝐴

𝑊 = − න 𝑄𝑝 𝐸𝑑𝑙
𝐵
𝐖 𝐴
𝐕𝐀𝐁 = 𝐕𝐀 − 𝐕𝐁 = = − ‫𝑙𝑑𝐸 𝐵׬‬
▪ 𝐐𝐩
▪

𝑫 = 𝜺𝑬
▪
𝑸
𝑫=
𝟒𝝅𝑹𝟐
▪ 𝑟 ≥𝑅
‫▪‬

‫▪‬

‫𝐴‬
‫𝑙𝑑𝐸 𝐵׬ ‪𝐕𝐀𝐁 = 𝐕𝐀 − 𝐕𝐁 = −‬‬
‫▪‬
▪

𝑸
𝑪=
𝑽𝑨𝑩

𝜺𝟎
▪

𝑸 •
𝑪=
𝑽𝑨𝑩 •
•

𝜺𝟎