Faсtual Gonditionals:

Present

жPqINт
Сirclе T (Truе)or F (FoIsе).
т F The man may not be ablе to board the planе.

сI|ARTсHЕсl( sтAтЕгvlЕNTs sтAтЕгvtЕNтs

Сircle T (Truе)or lг Cиusв | Rвsul.тCиusв Gцusв i l. с.ou,.
Rвsul.т
F (Folsе).
it snows, thе aiгpo r tсlo sеs. Тhе airpoгtсlosеs it snows.
т F The verbs in tf if
both сlauses it's foggy, p|anеsGan,t lеave. P|anеsGan,t lеavе it's foggy.
are in thе
present tеnse.
YEs/NoQUЕsTloNs s}toRт ANsWЕRs
т F TЬe if сlause I
always сomеs Rвsul.тGьдusв | t, G.ou,. Arгlпмдтlvв | NвсAтlvЕ
first. Doеs thе airpoгtсlose it snows? it do еs. it doеsn,t.
т F There is always if Yes, No,
(an p|aneslеave it's foggy? thеy сan' thеy сan,t'
a сomma
betweеn thе
two сlausеs. ltrf,-QUЕsтloNs
Rвsul.тCиusв l lя Cиusв
Why doеs air get Iighteгl ,f it eхpands?

278
 Faсtuаl Conditionals: Рresent l 279

EхPREssж
Motch the if сIouseswith thе rеsult clаusеs,

1. If you hate airplane food, a. thеy often fеel jet lag.

2. You might not be able to board b. you сan order a speсial meal.

3. If people travel a long distanсe' G. if you don't сheсk in at the gate.

Gramrпar Еxрlanat;ons Ёxаmplеs

1. Use prеsеnt faсtшal сonditional sentеnсesto if с|ausе rеsu|tсIausе
talk about gеnегaltruthsand sсiеntifiсfaсts. l lf it's noon in Lima,it's 6:00 p.м.in Romе.
lf с|ause r е s u | tс I a u s e
Тhe lf сlauseta|ksabout the сondition,and l lf air expands, it beсomes lightег.
the rеsu|tс|ausеta|ksabout what hapреnsif
the сonditionoссurs.

Usе thе simplе prеsent tеnsе in both сlauses.

2. You сan also usе presеnt faсtual сonditional if сlаusе rеsultс|ausе

sentеnсesto taIkabout habitsand rесurгing l lf Bi||fliеs, he ordеrs a spесiaImеa|.
еvents(thingsthat happеnagain and again).
if сlausе гesultс|ausе
Usе thе simp|еorеsеnttеnseoг pгesеnt l lf |,m travеlinq faг,l alwavsfly.
progгessivein the if сlausе.Use the
simplеpresеnttensеin the rеsu|tсlause.

3. You сan a|souse modals in thе гesu|tс|ausе. r lf you praсtiсеyour Сhinеsееveryday,

уou сon improve quiсkIy.
r You might learn moгe if you |istento
Сhinеsetapеs.

4. Usе thе lmреrative in the rеsu|tсlauseto givе r lf you want thе seatto гeс|ine,press thе button.
instгuсtions.
сommands,and invitationsthat
r |f thе sеatbе|t|ightis on, don,t leavе youг sеat.
depеnd on a сertainсondltion.
l lf you сomе to Tokyo,stay with us.

5. You сan bеgin сonditioпal sепtenсеs with r lf the light goеs on, buсklеyouг seat be|t.
thе if с|auseor the resu|tсlausе.Тhе meaningis oR
t h е s am е . r Buсkleyo uг seatbе|tif thе light go es o n.

Usе a сomma bеtwееnthe two с|ausesonly

whеn thе ff сlausесomеs first.
2aO r unit 64

IDENтIFYo Reod this orticlе. ln eoch foctuаl conditionol sentencе,undеrline thе result
clouse onсe. Undеrline the clouse thаt еxprеssesthе condition twicе.

PдssвшGЕRs,Rlснтs
If уou r u n i n to p ro b l е m s o n y o u r i o u rnеy,kno w yo ur r ightsas a passеngero. ftеn the air linе
сompan yi s re q u i re dto с o m p e n s a t еy ou fo r dеlaуs o r damages.Fo r ex ample,thе air linе pr o vides
me al s an d h o t e l r o o m s i f a f l i g h ti s u n duly delayеd. H o w еvеr ,thе air linеo w es yo u a lo t mo r е if it

сausе dt h е d е l a y b y o v е r b o o k i n gT. h i s саn o ссurеspесiallуdur ingho lidaуsif air linеssel| mo r е

t i сkе t st h a n th е r е a r е s е a t s .l f a l l th е p assenger saсtuallysho w up, then the flightis o ver bo o kеd.

Airlinеs usuаlly award upgradеsor additiona|freе travеl to passengеrswho voluntеerto takе a later

fl i ght .Ho we v е r ,i f n o o n е v o l u n tе e r s y, o ur flightmay bе dеlayed.ln that сase,the air linе must r epay
y o u l 0 0 p e r с е n t o ft h е с o s t o f y o u r t i с k е t f o r a d е l a y o u
f p t o f o u r h o u r s o n a n i n t е r n a t i o nfal li g h t .

l f t hе de l a y i s m o rе t h a n f o u r h o u rs ,y o u r есеivе200 pеr сеnto f the сo st o f yo ur tiсket.

o Rеod thesеconversotionsobout Hong Kong. Summorizе the odvicе with

sUмII|ARlzE
conditionol sentenсes,

1. A: I hate hot wеather.

B: Thе bеst time to go to Hong Kong is Novеmber or Dесembеr.
lf you hate hot weather,the beэt timе to qo to Honq Konq iэ Novemberor December,

2. A: I,m traveling with my сhildren.

B: Take thеm to Lai Chi Kоk Amusement Park in Kowloon.
If you traveling with your children, you take them to lai chi......

3. A: We nееd a mсlderately priсеd hotеl.

B: I suggest thе Harbour View International House.
if you need a moderately priced hotel, I suggest the harbour view...

4. Ьз We like seafood.
B: Thеre are Wonderfu] seafood restaurants on Lamma Island.
if you laike seafood there are wonderful seafood restaurants on Loma Island

5. A: I'm fasсinatеd by Chinesе opera.

B: You might likе the street opera in the Shanghai Streеt Night Market.
I you fascinated by chinese opera, you migth like the street opera in....

6. A: I'd like to get a good viеw оf Hong Kong.

B: You should takе the funiсular to the Pеak.
if you like to get a good view of Hong Kong, you should take the.....
 Faсtшal cоnditienals: Рrеsent l 28|

о Сompletethis intеrviewbetweеnСareers Magazine (сM) ond flight

с0I[|BINE
ottendаnt Moу Simko (Ms), Сombine thе sеntеncesin porеnthesesto moke o fасtuol
conditionolsentence.Use the sаme ordеr,Mаke nеcessаrYchongеsin copitolizotion
ond punсtuotion.

CM: How long arе you usually awaу?

MS: |f | 0o to the Bahamaэ, I havе a two-daУ |aУover.
1 . ( I g o t o t h е B a h а m a s .I h a v е a t w o - d a y l a y o v е r . )
CM: What do vou do for two davs?
MS:
2 . ( | s p е n d a | o to f t i m е a t t h е p o o l . I s t a y a t a h o t е | . )

3 . ( | s t а yw i t h f r i е n d s .l s p е n d t i m е w i t h t h е m . )
CM: Sounds niсe.
MS: ,,Drасulа.,,)
4 . ( I t , sn o t 5 o n i с е . I g е t a
That,s when you fly somewhеre at midnight, spend four hours, and then flу baсk.

CМ: Sounds likе a tough job. Is it wоrth it?

МS:
5 . ( l t , sv е r y r е w a r d i n g .Y o u d o n , t m i n d h a r d w o r k . )
CM: Who walks the dog and waters the plants when you'rе away?
MS:
6 . ( Y o u h а v е t h r е е r o o m m a t е s .Y o u d o n , t h a v е t r o u b | еf i n d i n g d o g w а | k е г s . )
CM: What's thе best thing abоut this job?
MS: Frеe trips.
7 . ( A f | i g h th a s a n е m p t y s е a t . I r i d е f o r f r е е ! ;

,
ЕDlT.Rеod Moу,sjournаl еntrу.Find ond corrеctsеvеnmistokesin thе usе of prеsеnt
fасtuol conditionols. Thе first mistаke is olreodу corrесted.Don,t forgеt to сhесk
punctuаtion!

Whаt а greа{ ,,,еekeпi! lf-Loи аис/ Teri.zreп,t thе bсst llosts in thе шorlс|,,*J2ьoш шllo is,

|'vе iиvitеd thеm to Neш,York, bиt 'f!u" /ivе iп the'Bаhаm'I' loи rаrе/у cuапt to /eаvе.Т.lmorroш[It

midпlht t f/у roипll trtp from Neш York to Pittsbи,gh, ThereЗ а/ш.zуs а priсе to P"!, |f Iget а fее

'aееkeпс/iп thе is/апds / а/tuауsgеt а ,'Drасрt/а,,аfrrи,аrr/s, oh, u,е//'tf t шoп,tfа// аs/eеp,I саn иsиаl/у

.qet а /ot of reаling с/o,e. Pаt аис| |{im both f/eш fu Loпdoп уesfurlау, / hopе someoИесаи ша/k FrЬkу

fo, mе. t/sиа//у, f t,//br u,o,kiи!I, oпr of tllem Ь off tf Frislg is а/oпefo, а long timе, he b,тrkе,1а /ot,
Thаt distиrbs thе пеghbors, fulауbе / shoи/djиst leаve thе TV oп fo' hio,, НеЗ аlшауs Vсr! са/m, if

thе TV is oи. or mауbе / l betfur са// Pаt апd аsk her аboиt ller sсhedи/e' tf it cuаs 6:00 p'm, hеrе iп

Nccu York, itь 17,.oop.m, iп Loпdon, T/lrтt\sпot too /аtе to са//'

 FaсtuaI Gonditionals:
Future

WPqlNт
Сirclе T (Truе)or F (FoIsе).
т F Baker is defrnitely going
to raise taxеs.
-::-,--=>- т F Small businesses are
definitely going to leave.
will leavе.
lf Bakеrralsеs taxеs,sma|Ibusinеssеs

сI]АRтсHEсК AFFIпlliAтlvЕ sтAтElli ЕNтs

Сhеck thе сorrеct lг Cиusв: Pпвsвшт Rвsul.тCиusв: Fuтuвв
аnswеr, '
hе,ll raise taxеs.
Use the simple lf Bakеrwins,
hе,s going to fight сrimе.
present tеnse in
П tьe ff сlausе'
NЕGAтlvЕ sтAтЕшlЕNтs
П tь" result сlausе.
lг Cиusв: Pпвsвшт | Rвsul.тCцusв: Fuтuпв
Use a сomma bеtweеn
thе two сlauses |f hе doеsn,t lowеr taxes, I businessеs
won,t return'
t whеn the if сlause
сomеs frrst. YEs/NoQUEsтloNs
П when the rеsult Rвsul.тClдusв: Fuтuпв | lг Cиusв: Pпвsвшт
сlause сomes first.
WIII hе lowеr taxes
if he wins?
ls hе going to fight сrimе

sHoRт ANsWЕRs
I
Aггlпмдтlvп l Ntслтlvв

wi l l . won't.
Yes, he No, hе
ls. isn't.

242
 Faсtual Gonditionals; Futurе l 2a3

wH- QUЕsтIoNs
Rвsul-тCиusв: Fuтuпв l l, с.ousЕ: PRESENт
will he do
W hat if hе wins?
is hе going to do

EхPREssж
Unscromblethеse words to form o sеntencе.Add o comma if nеcеssory,

fight. she о сrime о shе'll о If o wins

nr ffixрlamfttЕФffis
&raffi fiTfr Еxamplеs
1. Usе fцturе faсtual сonditional sentenсesto if сlause rеsu|tс|ausе
talk about what will happеn under сertain l lf Bakегwins, he,ll raise taxеs.
сonditions.Тhe if сlausеstatеsthe сondition. (t,s o rеalpossibilitythot Bakеrwillwin,)
The rеsultс|ausestatеsthe result.

Usе the simple рresent tеnsе in thе if сlause. r |f Soto wins, she,ll improve housing.
Use the futurе wtth will or he going to in thе r lf Soto wins, she,sgoin$ to improvе housing.
resultс|ausе.

You сan also use a modal in the rеsultсlausе. l lf you want to votе, уou must rеgistеr.
t l |f you don,t vote, you might rеgret it.

thе future, usе thе simple pгesenttensе. Noт {f*hе+vill*мiн

2. You сan bеgin сonditional sеntеnсes with r lf you vote for Soto, you won,t rеgrеt it.
thе if сlauseor the rеsu|tс|ause.Thе meaningis oR
thе samе. l You won,t rеgrеtit if you votе for Soto.

Usе a Gomma betweеn the two с|ausesonly

whеn the ffсlauseсomesfirst

l. lf and unlessсan both bе usеd in сonditional l If уou votе, you,||havе a say in thе futurе
sentenсes,but thеir meaningsarе Very diffеrent. of our сity.

Usе иnless to state a nеgativeсondition. l Unlessyou votе, you won,t havе a say in the
futurе of our сity.
OR

Unlessoftеn has the same meaning l lf уou don,t votе,you Won,thave a say in the
asif...not. futuгeof ouг сity.
2a4 l i-#вtit6s

o Еoch сondition will hovе o result,Motсh thе condition with the

II|Атсlt
аppropriotе rеsult.

Condition Result
f t. If Soto wins. she a. won't stay out of trouble.
2. If shе lowеrs taхes, business peoplе b. won,t have a say in the
government.
3. If thе eduсation system improvеs' we
G. an еduсated
4. Unless young people have hope for ::ч'.nfl"e
WorK Iorсe.
the future, tйe
d. won't be ablе to votе.
5. If сrime deсrеases. this
е. will move their сompaniеs
6, Unless you registeц you
baсk to the сity.
7. If you don't vote, you
f. will lower taxеs.

9. will be a safer plaсe to live.

o Reod this interview bеtwееnPo|itiсs Тoday (PT) аnd moуorаI condidаtе

сOil|PIЕтE
Doniel Boker(DB). Сomplеtеit with thе correctform of thе verbsin porеnthesesаnd
if or unIеss.

'll do
PT: What's the first thing you you
1. (do) 2, $ l unIеss)
еleсtеd?
3. (gеt)
DB: Wеll, lt's beеn a long, hard сampaign. - I
5. (win)
I a short vaсation beforе I begin my new job.
6. (tаkе)
PT: Sounds gоod. Wherе to?

DB: Sorry, but I,d rather not say. I mayoЦ

,f,ш/ U'ilеФ *o..".",
to keep my personal life privatе. Even mayors need privaсy.
9. (trу)
PT: I сan understand that. Now, evеry eleсtion has a winnеr and a loser.

What \/nI r _
1 o .( d o ) 1 1 . ( i fi u n | е s s )
you
12. (Iosе)
DB: this elесtion, I to be
1 3 . ( | f/ U n | е s s ) 14. (losе) 15. (сontinuе)
aсtive in politiсs aS a private citizen. both partiеs
16. 0f / Unbss)
.l7. , this сity as gтеat as it сan be.
(сoopеratе) l8. (not bе)
Finally, _ the pеоple - me to offiсe this timе,
19. (if / un|еss) 2o. (not е|есt)
I baсk in four yеars to try again!
2.l. (bе)
 Faсtual cоnditionalsl Future I zas

с0If,BINE.Yuko Tomori is trуing to decide whеther to go to lаw school. She modе o

dеcision treе to hеIp her decide. ln thе trеe,orrows connесt the conditions аnd the
rеsults,Writesеntencеsobout hеr decisions.Usе futurеfoctuol sеntеnces.

bе in debtforyеаrs)

tаkеoutstudent
loans
nothаveto dеpеndi
@
putmvsistеr \
goto lawsсhool?
щ
bе ablеto improvеt
- lifefor othЬrs )
runformаyor
)

l. |f I go t,o |aw эchoo|, |'||iake out эtudent, |oanэ,

2. |f I take out эtuden| loanэ, |'l|be in deb| for уearэ,

3.

4.

5.

6.

7.

8.

9.

10.

EDIT.Reod thisjournol entrу.Find ond correct siх mistаkеsin the usе of futurеfoctuol
conditionols,Thе first mistokeis olreodу corrеcted,Don,t forgеt to chеckpunctuаtion!

Shou|dI campаtgntor stцdеrft

counci| to dеcidеsoonit |ж
vrеsidеntl|,|Ihаvе fu run.ltl,ttbe

busуcаmpаigning, а prob|еm,
I wonthаuеmuchtirnеto studу.Thаt,s bеcацsе|,mnotgoinqto qеt into
if I get goodgrаdеsthisуеаr.Оn thе othеrhаnd,thеrе'sso rnцchta do in this schoo\
а goodco|Iеgе
prеsidеnt
is gе\tingdonеit ToddLаkerbеcomes
аnd nothing knowthat.gиt
аgаin'A |otot vеop|е

wil{l knowwhаtIo do if |,ttgеtthе1ob?Nеvermind'|,I|dеа|withthat prob|еm,

if l win'