MEKANIKA TANAH

KOMPOSISI DAN
KLASIFIKASI TANAH
TUJUAN KLASIFIASI TANAH
PLASTISITAS TANAH
 Batas cair (LL)

 Kadar air dari tanah dimana apabila dibuat goresan

dengan spatula standart pada tanah tersebut,
goresan akan menutup pada 25x pukulan.
 Batas plastis

 Kadar iar tanah dimana apabila tanah tersebut

digulung sampai dengan diameter 3,2 mm mulai
terjadi retak-retak.
CARA MENENTUKAN UKURAN BUTIRAN TANAH
ANALISA AYAKAN
ANALISA HIDROMETER
KURVA DISTRIBUSI UKURAN BUTIRAN
SISTEM KLASIFIKASI TANAH
 SISTIM KLASIFIKASI TANAH USCS

Run sieve analysis

< 50% pass #200 > 50% pass #200

passing #4 = A% passing # 200 = C % Use plasticity chart

Sand fraction = A - C = (Fig. 3.8)
Gravel fraction = 100 –
D%
A = B%

Silt, organic,or clay

B > D ► Gravel B < D ► Sand

Gambar 3.7a. Sistem Klasifikasi USCS

 G

<5% 5-12% > 12 %

pass #200 pass #200 pass #200

GW GW-GC GC
GP GW-GM GM
GP-GC GC-GM
GP-GM

Use gradation
Use gradation Use gradation curve and
curve to curve to plasticity chart to
designate designate designate
(Gb.3.8)

Gambar 3.7b. Sistem Klasifikasi USCS untuk Gravel / kerikil

Tabel 3.1a. USCS ; Gravel (G) / Kerikil
Gravel
Run sieve analyasis and if less than 50% passed the #200 sieve, then the soil is
coarse. If more than 50% of the coarse material is retained on the #4 sieve, then the
soil is gravel.
% passing
Unified Soil Classification Criteria Group Symbol Group Name
#200 sieve
Less than Cu> 4 and 1 < Cc < 3 GW Well graded gravel
5% Cu< 4 and 1 >Cc > 3 GP Poorly graded gravel
Cu> 4 and 1 < Cc < 3 and fines Well graded gravel
GW - GC
classify as CL or CH with clay
Cu> 4 and 1 < Cc < 3 and fines Well graded gravel
GW - GM
Between classify as ML or MH with silt
5 % & 12% Cu< 4 and 1 >Cc > 3 and fines Poorly graded gravel
GP - GC
classify as CL or CH with clay
Cu< 4 and 1 >Cc > 3 and fines Poorly graded gravel
GP - GM
classify as ML or MH with silt
Fines classify as CL or CH ( LL
GC
and PL above A-line) Clayey gravel
More than Fines classify as ML or MH ( LL
GM
12% and PL below A-line) Silty gravel
Fines classify as CL - ML ( LL
GC - GM
and PL in shaded area) Silty, clayey gravel
 S

<5% 5-12% > 12 %

pass pass pass
#200 #200 #200

SW SW-SC SC
SP SW-SM SM
SP-SC SC-SM
SP-SM

Use Use Use

gradation gradation gradation
curve to curve to curve and
designate designate plasticity
chart to
designate

Gambar 3.7c. Sistem Klasifikasi USCS untuk Sand /

pasir
Tabel 3.1b. USCS (Sand/ Pasir)
Sand
Run sieve analyasis and if less than 50% passed the #200 sieve, then the soil is
coarse. If less than 50% of the coarse material is retained on the #4 sieve, then the soil
is sand
% passing
Unified Soil Classification Criteria Group Symbol Group Name
#200 sieve
Less than Cu> 6 and 1 < Cc < 3 SW Well graded sand
5% Cu< 6 and 1 >Cc > 3 SP Poorly graded sand
Cu> 6 and 1 < Cc < 3 and fines Well graded sand
SW - SC
classify as CL or CH with clay
Cu> 6 and 1 < Cc < 3 and fines Well graded sand
SW - SM
Between classify as ML or MH with silt
5 % & 12% Cu< 6 and 1 >Cc > 3 and fines Poorly graded sand
SP - SC
classify as CL or CH with clay
Cu< 6 and 1 >Cc > 3 and fines Poorly graded sand
SP - SM
classify as ML or MH with silt
Fines classify as CL or CH ( LL
SC
and PL above A-line) Clayey sand
More than Fines classify as ML or MH ( LL
SM
12% and PL below A-line) Silty sand
Fines classify as CL - ML ( LL
SC - SM
and PL in shaded area) Silty, clayey sand
 Silt,
organic,
or clay

LL < 50% LL > 50%

LLR<0.75 LLR>0.75 LLR<0.75 LLR>0.75

LL and LL and LL and LL and LL and

PI plot PI plot PI plot PI plot PI plot
below in above A- below above
A-line shaded line A-line A-line
area

OL ML CL- CL OH MH CH
ML

Gambar 3.7d. Sistem Klasifikasi USCS untuk lanau,

organik, dan lempung
Persamaan garis A : PI = 0.73 (LL – 20)

Gambar 3.8. Plasicity Chart

Tabel 3.1c. USCS ( Silt or Clay, Peat)

SILT OR CLAY
Run sieve analyasis and if less than 50% passed the #200 sieve, then the soil is fine.Run
liquid limit and plastic limit tests on materials passing #40 sieve. Note that ASTM requires
that the liquid limit be determined using oven dried and undried samples . The ratio of the
dried to the undried value is called the liquid limit ratio LLR.
Liquid Limit Unified Soil Classification Criteria Group Symbol Group Name
LLR < 0.75 OL Organic silt or clay
LLR > 0.75 and PI < 4 or plots
below A-line in Fig. ML Inorganic silt
Less than
LLR > 0.75 and PI > 7 or plots
50% CL
above A-line in Fig. Lean clay
LLR > 0.75 and PI > 7 and LL and
CL-ML
PI in shaded area of Fig. Silty clay
LLR < 0.75 OH Organic silt or clay
LLR > 0.75 and PI plots below A-
More than MH
line in Fig. Elastic silt
50%
LLR > 0.75 and PI plots on or
CH
above A-line in Fig. Fat clay
PEAT
Highly organic soils. Normally more than 20% by weight is organic
Primary organic matter, dark in
Pt Peat
color and organic odor
2. SISTIM
KLASIFIKASI <15% pass #200
<30% pass # 40
TANAH AASHTO <50% pass #10
A-1-a
<50% PI is less than 6
Pass
Run LL #40 <25% pass #200
and PL on <50% pass # 40 A-1-b
<25%
material
#200 PI is less than 6
passing #
40 >51%
≤ 35% <10% pass
Pass A-3
pass #200
#40
#200
implies LL<40 A-2-4
granula
Run LL PI<10
r
≤ and PL on LL>41 A-2-5
35% material
Run pass passing # LL<40 A-2-6
sieve #200 40
PI>11
LL>41 A-2-7
analysis
LL<40 A-4
> 36% Run LL PI<10
pass and PL on LL>41 A-5
#200 material
implies passing # LL<40 A-6
silt-clay 40 PI>11
PI ≤ LL-30 or
A-7-5
PL ≥ 30
LL>41
PI > LL-30 or
A-7-6
PL < 30

Gambar 3.9. Flow chart showing the AASHTO classification system

. CATATAN :

• LLR = LIQUID LIMIT RATIO

• PEAT = TANAH GAMBUT

= TANAH ORGANIK DENGAN
KANDUNGAN ORGANIK ≥ 75%.
• GROUP OL dan OH :

• LANAU ORGANIK atau

• LEMPUNG ORGANIK
• PLASTISITAS RENDAH UNTUK OL (SEPERTI ML)
• PLASTISITAS TINGGI UNTUK OH (SEPERTI MH)

 PERILAKUNYA DITENTUKAN OLEH KANDUNGAN

ORGANIK

• Pt = Peat = TANAH DENGAN KANDUNGAN ORGANIK

TINGGI:

• PEAT = Tanah GAMBUT

• HUMUS dan Bahan Organik yang telah
membusuk/terurai
• TANAH RAWA

 DAYA DUKUNG RENDAH

KEMAMPUMAMPATAN TINGGI
 Passing No.200 sieve 30 % LL= 33
Example Passing No.4 sieve 70 % PI= 12

LL= 33
PI= 12
PI= 0.73(LL-20), A-line
PI=0.73(33-20)=9.49
SC
(15%
gravel) Highly
Clayey sand
with gravel (Santamarina et al., 2001)
Tabel 3.2a. AASHTO

General classification Granular materials (35% or less of total sample passing No.200)
A-1 A-2
Group classification A-3
A-1-a A-1-b A-2-4 A-2-5 A-2-6 A-2-7
Sieve analysis (percent
passing)
No.10 50 max
No.40 30 max 50 max 51 min
No.200 15 max 25 max 10 max 35 max 35 max 35 max 35 max
Characteristic of fraction
passing No.40
Liquid Limit 40 max 41 min 40 max 41 min
Plasticity Index 6 max NP 10 max 10 max 11 min 11 min
Usual types of significant Stone fragment,
Fine sand Silty or clayey gravel and sand
constituent materials gravel and sand
General subgrade rating Excellent to good
TABEL 3.2b. AASHTO (Lanjutan)

Silt-clay materials
General classification (More than 35% of total sample passing No.200)
A-7
Group classification A-4 A-5 A-6 A-7-5*
A-7-6^
Sieve analysis (percent
passing)
No.10
No.40
No.200 36 min 36 min 36 min 36 min
Characteristic of fraction
passing No.40
Liquid Limit 40 max 41 min 40 max 41 min
Plasticity Index 10 max 10 max 11 min 11 min
Usual types of significant
Silty soils Clayey soils
constituent materials
General subgrade rating Fair to poor

* For A-7-5, PI  LL - 30
^ For A-7-6, PI > LL - 30