ESEB3084

INTRODUCTION TO ASSESSMENT IN EDUCATION

MAY 2022 SEMESTER

‘PREPARATION OF TEST AND ISSUES IN THE

CONSTRUCTION OF TEST’

MATRIC NO./NAME
NO. MATRIC NO. STUDENT NAME

1. MC211015413 LOKANAYAKI SUBRAMANIAM

2. MC211015448 SHARMILLA SURESH

3. MC211015716 ARRCHANAVANI GOPI NATHAN

4. UNU2200540 NUR IMAN NADHIRAH MOHD DAZMAN

5. MC211015304 TURKGASHINE A/P R. VEERAN

6. UNU2200679 SATHISVARAN A/L RAMAN

LECTURER’S NAME MANOHARAN A/L NALLIAH

DATE OF SUBMISSION 11/8/2022

 TABLE OF CONTENT

NO. ITEM PAGE NO.

1. INTRODUCTION

2. 2.1 PERSONAL SAFETY

2.1.1 FACILITIES
2.1.2 VIOLENCE AMONG STUDENTS

2.2 HEALTH SAFETY

2.2.1 ENVIRONMENT
2.2.2 HYGIENE

3. CONCLUTION

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1.0 INTRODUCTION
Education is the process through which one person gets or conveys fundamental information to
another. It is also where a person learns skills necessary for everyday life, social standards,
judgment and logic, and how to distinguish right from evil.
The ultimate purpose of education is to assist a person in navigating life and contributing to
society as they grow older. There are different sorts of education, but traditional schooling often
governs how one's educational progress is judged. People who went to school and obtained a
higher degree of education are seen to be more employable and likely to earn more money. In
emerging, low-income nations, for example, each additional year of schooling is expected to
enhance a person's future earnings by 10%.
Education aids in the abolition of poverty and hunger, providing people with the opportunity
to live better lives. This is one of the primary reasons why parents seek to keep their children in
school for as long as feasible. It is also why countries try to improve access to education for
both children and adults.
There are several reasons why education is important. In general, they are all intimately
related to a person's life ambitions and future well-being. Some of the other most popular
reasons why education is so vital are as follows:
1. Education allows people to improve their communication abilities by teaching them how
to read, write, talk, and listen.
2. Education fosters critical thinking skills. This is essential for teaching someone how to
utilize reasoning while making decisions and dealing with others (e.g., boosting
creativity, enhancing time management).
3. Education helps people satisfy basic work requirements and increases their chances of
getting better jobs.
4. Education promotes gender equality and aids in the empowerment of girls and women.

Being safe at school is one of the most debated educational concerns in today's culture.
School safety is critical for creating an optimum learning environment. Students must feel
comfortable to concentrate in class. Any act of violence or criminality impacts not only the
individuals involved, but it also interrupts the learning environment, upsetting both the school
and the community. School safety has always been a major worry for parents and teachers, but
with an increase in violent occurrences, the problem is more pressing than ever. Parents are

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afraid to take their children to school because they have heard about the school violence, and
teachers do not feel safe at work.
2.1 PERSONAL SAFETY

Personal safety is a common practice of recognizing and avoiding potentially harmful situations
and those around us. Every student deserves a high-quality education in a safe learning
environment. To make education better, school should be taken this aspect seriously. Schools
are their second home, so it is important that students always feel safe at school.
A safe learning environment is essential for students of all ages. Without it, they cannot
concentrate on successful education and learning the skills needed for the future. If violence is
part of the educational environment, all students are affected in some way. School safety
includes more than physical harm. This includes bullying and threatening behaviour. Parents
and teachers need to explain that it is okay for students to tell what is happening and that these
concerns will be addressed promptly.
Other than violence, school safety also includes the good school facilities in to make
sure the students are learning in a good environment. The learning environment is more than
just a classroom. It's a place where students can be safe, support their pursuit of knowledge,
and get inspiration from their surroundings. Well-planned, designed, and maintained school
facilities promote the health, well-being, and performance of children and adults at school, and
even stimulate the desire to go to school.

2.1.1 VIOLENCE AMONG STUDENTS

School violence is one of the most serious problems today as it negatively impacts the formation
of human qualities and the future of the nation. One of the school violence is bully, which
defines as people who often hurt or scare others over a long period of time and often force them
to do what they don't want to do. There are many different types of bullying that happened in
school, some are easy to find while others may be more subtle. Physical bullying is the most
obvious form of bullying. It happens when children use physical behaviour to gain strength and
control their goals. Examples of physical bullying include kicking, punching, hitting, hitting,
pushing, and other physical attacks. Perpetrators of verbal bullying use words, statements, and
name calls to gain power and control over their targets. Oral bullies usually use relentless
insults to despise, insult, and hurt others. They choose goals based on their appearance and
behaviour. Verbal bullies also often target children with special needs. Verbal harassment is
often very difficult to detect, as attacks often occur in the absence of adults. As a result, one

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word often competes with another. Also, many adults feel that what their children say does not
have a significant impact on others. As a result, they usually tell the victim of the bully to
"ignore" it. However, verbal bullying should be taken seriously. Relationship aggression is a
sneaky and insidious form of bullying that is often overlooked by parents and teachers. The
aggression of relationships, sometimes referred to as emotional or social bullying, is a type of
social manipulation in which tweens and teenagers attempt to hurt their peers or interfere with
their social status. Relationship bullies often exclude others from groups, spread rumors,
manipulate situations, and break intimacy. The goal of a bully who is active in relationships is to
improve his or her social status by controlling and bullying others. This are often between girl
students which are called the mean girls. Cyberbullying occurs when a tween or teenager uses
the Internet, smartphones, or other technology to harass, intimidate, embarrass, or target
others. Examples of cyberbullying include posting harmful images, threatening online, and
sending harmful emails and texts. Cyberbullying is becoming an increasingly problematic issue
among young people as teens and tweens become more connected. This is also becoming
more common as it can significantly reduce the risk of being caught by a bully and harass the
target. Sexual bullying consists of sexually assaulting, repetitive, harmful and degrading acts.
Examples include sexual abuse, harsh comments, vulgar gestures, uninvited contacts, sexual
suggestions, and pornographic material. Bullies may make rude comments about a colleague's
appearance, charm, sexual development, or sexual activity.
A total of 38 cases of bullying occurred in schools in the country in the first four months
of this year starting January. Pengarah Jabatan Siasatan Jenayah (JSJ) Bukit Aman, Datuk Seri
Abd Jalil Hassan worried about bullying and advised his parents to supervise the school in
establishing discipline for students to be always protected. According to him incidents of bullying
create symptoms of gangsterism or gangsterism where the incident occurs in the presence of a
police report as well as the victim being injured. The newspaper previously reported that police
received three reports related to the second-year case at sekolah menengah agama (SMA).
Therefore, in order to protect the image of the school, the Ministry of Education does not
compromise on the operation and management of the school in an attempt to hide the case of
bullying in the event of bullying at an educational institution.
Malaysia is ranked second in Asia for youth cyberbullying in 2020, according to a report
by the United Nations Children's Fund (UNICEF), indicating that cyberbullying is becoming an
increasingly problematic country. The general use of social media platforms has made it a
widespread breeding ground for cyberbullying and toxic behaviour, not only among young
people but also among adults. Youth cyberbullying researcher Jesse Yong Tse Singh said such

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behaviour could be a prediction of their own dissatisfaction when their basic needs were
deprived. Cyberbullying is not only issue that happened in Asia, but it is a worldwide issue
instead. The top three countries where cyberbullying is most prevalent are India, Brazil and the
United States, but they are common everywhere. According to social media cyberbullying
statistics, more than 65% of parents around the world cite cyberbullying on social media as one
of their biggest concerns.
The consequences of school violence are truly horrifying. It affects many aspects. For
the students themselves, both victims and pollutants will have disastrous consequences.
Victims can be slightly or seriously injured and even fatal. In addition, they often suffer from
psychological injuries and feel bored, anxious, lonely, and depressed. Fear and haunting can
make them stressful. It is long-lasting and people are unable to concentrate on their studies or
participate in other activities with their friends. Violent people must be held accountable for what
they have done. How they are disciplined depends on the severity of the violence they cause,
their expulsion from school, or even imprisonment. Their future is not optimistic because they
are associated with school violence. Also, those who are watching the scene of violence will be
affected. When studying in such an environment, they will feel uneasy. If the violence is not
immediately punished, other students can follow these negative behaviours and the situation of
violence at school becomes more serious.
2.1.2 FACILITIES
Effective school facilities need to adapt to changing educational programs and at least provide a
comfortable, safe, accessible, bright, well-ventilated, and aesthetically pleasing physical
environment. School facilities are not only composed of physical structures, but also various
building systems such as machinery, plumbing, electricity and power, telecommunications,
security and firefighting systems. School facilities are not a passive container of the educational
process, but an integral part of the learning conditions. The layout and design of the facility
contributes to the local experience of students, educators, and community members. The quality
of school facilities affects students in two ways. First, the lack of facilities limits students' ability
to engage in a variety of learning and extracurricular activities. Second, lack of facilities
adversely affects teachers' job satisfaction and discourages teaching. Maintaining and
upgrading school facilities has always been an act of balancing the costs of other schools, but
more and more research is revealing the full impact of a well-resourced learning environment.
There are some basic things that the school should provide for the students. The classroom
should be a quiet place where students can be mentally satisfied, calm and focused without
distracting the outside world. Noisy classrooms negatively impact student learning. Students are

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distracted and unable to perform satisfactorily in noisy environments. At school, it is essential to
maintain adequate ventilation in each classroom. Students with respiratory illness find it difficult
to stay in the classroom for extended periods of time. In addition, inadequate ventilation can
cause discomfort to students, which can interfere with the learning process. Students cannot
concentrate on such a classroom. According to one study, students who are maximally exposed
to natural light in the classroom are much more likely to capture what they are learning in the
classroom. Natural light boosts student and teacher morale and provides quality education.
Therefore, schools need to use natural light and reduce the use of artificial light. The school
governor and principal, in turn, understand the benefits more clearly and pay more attention to
the problem. The learning environment is more interactive and helpful with the will of school
owners and the continuous improvement and innovation of school facilities. Well-equipped
teachers are ready to adapt to the changing educational needs of students for the labor market.
The school facilities are not only about the classroom but also at hostel, which is also
still a part of the school responsibilities. If this are neglected, it would occur problem such as a
case where a university student was found dead in her hostel. The cause of this incident is
believed because of electric shock. Somehow the police still justified that it as a sudden death
since the post-mortem result still pending. If the actually causes is because of electric shock, the
school should be more aware on making sure to always doing maintenance to make sure the
student facilities are safe for the students in order to avoid any bad consequences.
In Kandahar, Afghanistan, they notice good differences in students’ performance at
school after some school facilities enhancement. Mohibullah Qaderi points out that support for
equipping schools with modern equipment helped improve the school's reputation. “Good
laboratories and libraries have boosted school rankings across the state,” he says. "It attracted
more students to attend school. Some lessons are taught through projector presentations, which
are rare in Afghan schools." Teacher, Abdul Gaffer, 52, notes the positive changes in learning
outcomes after the building was built. “Before the new building was built, the students suffered
from heat and cold and couldn't concentrate on their studies,” he says. This has shown that
good facilities do help in making the education better.
Maintaining school facilities is important for providing quality educational programs. More
importantly, by investing in a strong preventive maintenance program, school facilities can serve
students over time. The modernization of school facilities has faced many new challenges in
recent years with the advent of personal computers. As new technologies become more and
more integrated into the curriculum, it is also important to fund the purchase of this equipment
and to provide infrastructure to each school to support this technology.

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2.2 HEALTH SAFETY
Children are as delicate as a flower and the apple of their parents' eyes. Parents go to
great lengths to safeguard their children's safety. They require the best for themselves, whether
it is clothing, friends, school, or any activity-classes. However, once a child enters school,
parents are unaware of what their children are doing.
Children used to spend the most of their time at school. As a result, it is critical for school
officials, teachers, and parents to protect their safety in the greatest way possible. They must
ensure that every student is safe both within and outside of the school, as well as while
commuting to and from the institute.

2.2.1 ENVIRONMENT
A deteriorating school infrastructure can have a direct influence on learning and
education, student performance, and pose significant physical and psychological risks to both
students and staff. Building decay can also influence how well a teacher can instruct, their
confidence and overall well-being at work. Poor working circumstances can lead to increased
absenteeism, decreased productivity and morale, decreased efficacy in the classroom, and
decreased job satisfaction for instructors.
In addition, well-maintained school buildings convey to students that they are cared for
and that there is a favorable social climate, which might encourage improved attendance.
According to the Leaning, Environment, Process, Outcomes (LEPO) framework, learning
environment facilitates the learning process which leads to the learning outcome, and learning
outcome in turn determines the learning environment. The three are interconnected in such a
way that one affects the other and the circle continues. If the main trigger of LEPO, the learning
environment is flawed, it can adversely affect the learning outcome.
Ministries in Malaysia have to step up their concerns in maintaining schools that are old
and affected by natural disasters. SJK(T) Karak is one of eight badly affected school during the
flood in early 2022. With infrastructure, facilities and furniture severely damaged, including
fences, lab equipment and such. Yet, the education ministry has not indicated when repairs will
be done. This causes a delay in students to attend school for weeks. On the other hand,
according to google, current best high school in the world is The American International School.

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It can be observed that the environment of the school is located in a place where it is
surrounded with trees. Despite being secluded since 1959, the buildings and facilities are
persistently maintained resulting in a safe environment for students to perform better
academically and co-academically. Hence, a maintained school environment is important in
producing safe platforms for high achieving students in Malaysia.

2.2.2 HYGIENE
A successful school is one that offers their students with a clean and safe environment.
School hygiene is reflected in a variety of ways, including trash management, cleaning services,
and overall student and staff health. While it is sometimes underestimated, school hygiene is
one of the most important requirements of any educational facility (Darren van Es, 2019).
Teaching children the value of hygiene is an important aspect of their education. Infections are
more easily transmitted due to their underdeveloped immune systems. The spread of infectious
diseases such as influenza, norovirus, and E. coli can regularly disrupt school life. Hand
cleanliness can significantly minimize the spread of germs. According to research, incorrect
hand washing can cost the education system millions of sick days for both pupils and teachers.
However, the problem with Malaysian educational institutions is that they do not practice
strict cleanliness and are equipped with low quality facilities that tend to break overtime despite
being maintained. Other than that, the handwash habit is not seriously nurtured among
students. We can see in school canteens that most students rush to buy food neglecting the
need to wash their hands. A school in Petaling Jaya was probed due to an incident where pupils
were seen dining on the school floor during a Teacher’s Day event. According to one authority,
it is the school administration's responsibility to maintain hygiene standards so that the school
remains a safe and clean environment. He also encouraged the education ministry to upgrade
the canteen floors, which appeared to be in poor condition.
On the other hand, in Japan, students clean the entire school, including the bathrooms.
Different classes are responsible for different aspects of the school, such as the gym, nurse's
office, corridors, and other locations. They keep doing it up until they graduate high school.
Students also serve lunch to their classmates, whereas other schools have janitors and
cafeteria staff who do those things. Jobs rotate so that groups of kids in the same class learn to
do different duties and contribute to the cleaning effort, preventing people from becoming stuck
on perpetual toilet duty. When it comes to the younger children, the older one’s pitch in. The

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differences between these two countries have proven that by nurturing the students with the
importance of having good hygiene makes the school a place to study efficiently.

CONCLUSION

As we all know education is one of the most important stages in our lives where it is the
main source for us to live a better life. But how many of us as does ensure the safety of the
students at educational institutions. In this task, we have discussed all the issues happened in
Malaysia which is really heart breaking that how easy a live of a student gone easily. In order to
provide quality education, the government not only appoint talented educators but at the same
time, they should make sure that the school or any other educational institutions should be safe
enough for the students to perform well. Safety is not only about the facilities at the educational
institutions but violence among students also should be considered where many schools at
Malaysia is famous for case bullying. School violence is one of the most serious problems
nowadays because of detrimental effects on forming human-beings characteristics and future of
a nation. it might lead to suicidal attempt. Bullying can lead to suicidal attempt as crucial bullying
behavior can causes a victim to choose the suicidal path to end the suffering. Bullying can affect
a child’s learning process. To have a quality education, a child should have explored in a safe,
secure, and high-quality environment for them. to solve this, Schools should always update the
students’ news to their parents and prevent the problems together and should have regular
meetings with parent-teacher on the topic of bullying should hold once a while to understand
and find solutions for preventions. I hope everyone us should be responsible to make sure our
students are safe at schools and more than the school or the government the parents should
take more responsibility to check on their children every time so that we can produce a great
learning environment for our next generation as well.

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