PRACTICAL RESEARCH 2

(QUANTITATIVE RESEARCH)

Name of Learner:______________________________ Grade Level:____________

Section:______________________________________ Date:__________________

LEARNING ACTIVITY SHEET

PRESENTS WRITTEN REVIEW OF RELATED LITERATURE

AND CONCEPTUAL FRAMEWORK

Background Information for Learners

Review of Related Literature (RRL) is an important component of the

research process and research itself. This summarizes studies related to your research.
It includes the purpose, procedures, major findings and recommendations for further
study of various researches conducted in the past.

Conceptual framework is a mental construct of a researcher based on literature

review that guides researcher’s own activities. Furthermore, it emerges out from
comprehensive conceptual literature review. It also occurs when a researcher links
concepts from literature to establish evidence to support the research question. Where
it reveals the variables involved in the research problem. Thus, conceptual framework
is the general statement which forms the frame of reference for your inquiry or
investigation. It is a tentative scheme for the research project based on the Review of
Related Literature.

Here is a guide in writing your Review of Related Literature:

Learning Competency with code

 presents written review of related literature and conceptual framework -
CS_RS12-If-j-9 (MELC 13 Q1/Week 6-7)

Directions/Instructions

Exercise 1: Below is an example of a poor literature review. Read and analyze the
text and write your annotations on the space provided.

Note: Practice Personal Hygiene all the times.

 Literature Review of Studies on the History of Technical Writing In 1983, R.
John Brockmann compiled a bibliographic essay of research on the history of
technical writing. Out of thirty-six works listed, only seven focused on nineteenth
century writing. In 1994, when William E. Rivers wrote his bibliographic essay, the
number of studies devoted to nineteenth century technical writing remains the same.
However, Rivers' bibliography is larger, with 200 works versus Brockmann's 36,
since Rivers also included studies of historical research in business writing. Out of the
seven works dedicated to the nineteenth century in Brockmann's earlier essay, the
majority concentrated on individual works or are limited to works by a single author.
This is most likely because the studies listed in Brockmann's bibliography are short
works, mostly articles. In his article, Rivers noted that most work had been
concentrated on sixteenthand seventeenth-century British writing; therefore, he
recommends the need to focus on neglected time periods, especially using studies that
take a multidisciplinary approach. Similarly, Elizabeth Tebeaux and M. Jimmie
Killingsworth wrote in their 1992 article, "Expanding and Redirecting Historical
Research in Technical Writing: In Search of Our Past," of the need for more historical
research.

1. Based on the example presented, what makes a poor Review of Related

Literature? (5 pts)
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2. Why do we consider the text poor? (5 pts)

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3. What is/are your criteria/criterion in selecting a good literature? (5pts)

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Exercise 2: Write the example into a more cohesive and substantial Literature
Review. (20 pts)

Literature Review of Studies on the History of Technical Writing In 1983, R.

John Brockmann compiled a bibliographic essay of research on the history of
technical writing. Out of thirty-six works listed, only seven focused on nineteenth
century writing. In 1994, when William E. Rivers wrote his bibliographic essay, the
number of studies devoted to nineteenth century technical writing remains the same.
However, Rivers' bibliography is larger, with 200 works versus Brockmann's 36,

Note: Practice Personal Hygiene all the times.

since Rivers also included studies of historical research in business writing. Out of the
seven works dedicated to the nineteenth century in Brockmann's earlier essay, the
majority concentrated on individual works or are limited to works by a single author.
This is most likely because the studies listed in Brockmann's bibliography are short
works, mostly articles. In his article, Rivers noted that most work had been
concentrated on sixteenthand seventeenth-century British writing; therefore, he
recommends the need to focus on neglected time periods, especially using studies that
take a multidisciplinary approach. Similarly, Elizabeth Tebeaux and M. Jimmie
Killingsworth wrote in their 1992 article, "Expanding and Redirecting Historical
Research in Technical Writing: In Search of Our Past," of the need for more historical
research.
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Note: Practice Personal Hygiene all the times.

Exercise 3: Locate and use only credible sources: total of 5 sources, including
newspaper articles, encyclopedia entries, journal articles, credible websites, books, 1-
2 interviews, 1 survey Make sure that your five research questions align with your
thesis sentence. Provide the information needed based on your research. (Literature

Review and Conceptual Framework)

Research Main Idea of Sources (In-text citation Reference List

Questions your five sources APA 7th Edition) (APA Format
RQ1 1.
2.
3.
4.
5
RQ2 1.
2.
3.
4.
5
RQ3 1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
RQ4 1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
RQ5 1.
2.
3.
4.
5.

Exercise 4: Provide the information needed on the box by answering what is being
asked. Examples are presented in every step in presenting a conceptual framework of
your literature review for the learners’ guide.

Forming my Literatures’ Conceptual Framework!

Introduction: What is the topic of my literature review?

Example: STUDENTS’ ACADEMIC PERFORMANCE

Topic sentence:

Note: Practice Personal Hygiene all the times.

 Example: THE INFLUENCE OF CLASSROOM MANAGEMENT ON
STUDENTS’ ACADEMIC PERFORMANCE.
My sources (works to be read, analyzed and cited following 7th edition APA
format in reference list):
1.

2.

3.

4.

5.

Example:
Ada, N. A. (2004), Strategies for Effective Classroom Organization and
Management. In the Practice of Teaching Perspectives and Strategies: A
Resource Manual for today’s Teachers.

Body: What are the main points/arguments of my sources? How are these
points supported?
Source 1
a.

b.

c.

Source 2
a.

b.

c.

Sources 3
a.

b.

c.

Source 4
a.

b.

c.

Note: Practice Personal Hygiene all the times.

 Source 5
a.

b.

c
Example:
Source 1: Ada (2004) sees classroom discipline as a function of the interaction
between teacher and students that brings about self-control and respect for
authority.

Source 2: Mallum and Haggai (2000) opined that motivation has greater
influence on students’ academic performance in the classroom. They
maintained that the work of the teacher is made easier when his students are
motivated.
Body: Similarities in (comparing) two or more of the articles:

Example: Ada (2004) and Okon (2002) agreed that classroom discipline
occurs where there aren’t any big discrepancies between the systems of values
represented by teachers and students where it affects the academic performance
of the learners.

Body: Differences in (contrasting) in two or more of the articles:

Example: The pre-requisite of effective classroom management does not

depend only on classroom motivation, leadership, organization and so on by
teachers. Chukwelu (2000) posited that apart from the above variables in the
classroom, classroom discipline is equally important. Classroom discipline
exposes the teacher to a good understanding of the reasons for student’s
misbehaviours in the classroom, applying preventive and corrective measures.
Blair (2004) in the same vein maintained that it cannot be denied that without
order, learning cannot take place. Those teachers of high achieving students are
of good classroom management.
Conclusion: Summarizing

Example: This literature review was conducted to analyse opposing

perspectives on gun laws and gun ownership in the United States.

Note: Practice Personal Hygiene all the times.

 Why is the topic of this literature review important and/or what should be the
next step of this study?

Example: Further research is needed to examine recent statistics on gun

control, gun ownership and gun deaths in other countries compared with that in
the United States.
Adapted at https://alexandercollege.ca/web-2018/wp-content/uploads/2015/04/3.-Literature-
Review-worksheet.pdf

Exercise 5: Writing my RRLS! The learners will write 5-7 pages related literature
and studies based on their research problem/research title/research variables.

The following steps and sections below will guide you through writing your
literature review.

Here are some important things to remember when writing the literature review:
 Locate and use only credible sources: 15-20 sources total, including
newspaper articles, encyclopedia entries, journal articles, credible websites,
books, 1-2 interviews, 1 survey
 Make sure that your three research questions align with your thesis sentence
 Eliminate bias in your writing and portrayal of the information you gather
from the sources. Eliminate use of personal pronouns, including first, second,
and third person, such as “I,” “Me,” “My,” We,” “Our,” “You,” etc.
 DO NOT make an argument in the literature review. The main purpose is to
REVIEW the various perspectives in the sources you locate and use.

Please make sure you also meet these basic criteria:

 Choose one of the following: Times New Roman or Arial fonts 12 point font
 Double-spaced sentences 1 inch margins
 At least between 8-10 pages in length
 Use of at least 1 visual (Cited accurately in APA format)
 All references used in the paper must be listed at the end of the paper (APA
format) Remember to number your pages according to APA format

Points to note when writing the literature review:

1. Be sure to understand your research topic/question before you begin.
2. Select sources that cover all or most sub-areas of your research topic. Do not leave
areas unexplored as far as possible.
3. Read your sources with an end in mind, making notes on relevant information ---
this will help you compile what you have read in your review.
4. Your review should give the audience an idea of what is already known about your
research topic.
5. Searching for relevant sources takes time, so start early!
6. As you do your literature review, you might make modifications to the scope of
your study depending on your findings.

Note: Practice Personal Hygiene all the times.

Please visit this website for more specific information on APA Format 7 th Edition:
http://owl.english.purdue.edu/owl/resource/560/01/

Below is your guide list:

The literature review (where the sources are synthesized and analyzed and contains
these elements below):

Introduction:
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(clearly state) Research Question 1

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(clearly state) Research Question 2
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(clearly state) Research Question 3
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(clearly state) Thesis Statement
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Discussion on question 1 (paragraphs with sources, also think of images/pictures
you could use)
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Discussion on question 2 (paragraphs with sources, also think of images/pictures
you could use)
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Discussion on question 3 (paragraphs with sources, also think of images/pictures

you could use)
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Note: Practice Personal Hygiene all the times.

Discussion (over primary research findings)
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Conclusion
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Synthesis
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References (APA examples):

For more examples, please visit this website:

http://owl.english.purdue.edu/owl/resource/560/01/

For online citation engines, please see below:

 The Bedford Bibliographer:
http://bcs.bedfordstmartins.com/bbibliographer/bbib_frameset.htm

 Easybib: http://www.easybib.com/

 Bibme: http://www.bibme.org/

 Son of Citation Machine: http://citationmachine.net/

Book:
Author’s Last name, Author’s First Initial. (Year Published). Title of Book in
Italics. City, State: Publisher.

Magazine:
Author’s Last name, Author’s First Initial. (Year Published, Month and Day).
Title of Article. Title of Magazine in Italics, Number of Journal(Issue
Number), Page Numbers.

Newspaper:
Author’s Last name, Author’s First Initial. (Year Published, Month and Day).
Title of Article. Title of Newspaper in Italics, page Number (i.e. B4).

Journal:
Author’s Last name, Author’s First Initial. (Year Published). Title of Article. Title

Note: Practice Personal Hygiene all the times.

 of Journal in Italics, Number of Journal(Issue Number), Page Numbers.

Website:
Title of Website. (Year). Specific Title of Webpage that you Pulled the
Information from in Italics. Retrieved from actual website: Give URL
address

Online Video (i.e. YouTube):

Username. (Year, Month and Day). Title of Video [Video File]. Retrieved from
URL address

Blog Post:
Title of Blog. (Year, Month and Day). Title of Blog Posting [Web log message].
Retrieved from actual website: Give URL

Television Show:
Producer’s Last Name, Producer’s First Initial (Producer). (Year Aired). Title of
Episode [Television series episode]. In Title of Television Show, Country:
Name of Television Network Station.

Movie:
Producer’s Last Name, Producer’s First Initial (Producer) & Director’s Last
Name, Director’s First Initial (Director). (Year Made). Title of Movie
[Motion picture]. Country: Name of Film Company who Made the Movie.

Song:
Name of Band/Artist. (Year of Song). Title of Song. Title of Album in Italics [i.e.
Record, CD, other]. City Recorded, State Recorded: Title of Company that
Recorded it.

Note: Practice Personal Hygiene all the times.

 0-1 2-3 4-5

Reflection

After performing the activities, I learned and found out that the concept of presenting
Review of Related Literature and conceptual framework
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References for learners/ Answer Key

Baraceros, E.L. (2016). Practical Research 2: Learning From Others and Reviewing
the Literature. Rex Book Store,Inc.

Exercise 1: Answers may vary

Exercise 2: Answers may vary

Note: Practice Personal Hygiene all the times.

Exercise 3: Answers may vary
Exercise 4: Answers may vary

Links
https://digitalcommons.unl.edu/cgi/viewcontent.cgi?
article=1515&context=sociologyfacpub

Prepared by:

PRIMELYNE D. CANLAS
primelyne.canlas@deped.gov.ph
Solana National High School

DARWIN JAKE B. FELINA

darwinjake.felina@deped.gov.ph
Allacapan Vocational High School

Note: Practice Personal Hygiene all the times.