REASONS/PURPOSES

BEHIND THE LAW

● The purpose/s of the law is/are:

● The law is designated to:
● The rationale behind the law is:
● Below are the purposes of the ___ are as follows:

DISTINCTION
(When asked to distinguish, find appoint of distinction which may be definition, scope, governing
law, applicability, etc)

Sample paragraph 1:

___ and ___ may be distinguished from each other as follows:

As to definition, ___ pertains to ___ whereas ___ refers to___.
As to scope/coverage, ___ covers ___ whereas ___ is limited only to ___.
As to the sources/legal basis, ___ is governed by ___ whereas ___ is governed by ___.

Sample paragraph 2:

___ and ___ may be distinguished from each other as follows:

In the first, it is necessary that there be ___ whereas in the second it is sufficient that there be
___.
In the former, ___ while the latter ___.
The former requires ___ while the latter ___. (Note: “FORMER” means the first, “LATTER” means the
last mentioned.)
___ provides that ___. On the other hand, ___ states that ___.

NOTA BENE: When being asked to distinguish, do not just state its definition. If you give its definition, you are in
effect asking the examiner to extract out the differences of the two [or more] from your definition. Do not also give
their similarities since you are asked to differentiate and contrast. The number of distinctions you will give must also
be proportionate on the points allotted for such. If it is only worth two (2) points, do not give eight (8). The examiner
cannot give you 8 points. For 2-point distinction, perhaps three would be enough.

ENUMERATION

● In a capsule form, the following are the elements/requisites/conditions of ___:

● In a nutshell, the following are the elements/requisites/conditions of ___:
● Among the (i.e. defenses/remedies) available to (i.e. Mr. X) as provided for/by/in the
(law) are:
● The following are the following are the elements/requisites/conditions of ___:
● To constitute ___ (e.g. divorce, a crime, etc), the following requisites must concur/must
be present:
● The following are the elements/requisites/conditions are as follows:
DEFINITION / EXPLANATION

● ___ is a comprehensive term used to describe ___.

● ___, in its generally accepted sense, refers to ___.
● ___ pertains to ___
● It connotes a situation whereby ___.
● ___ is a doctrine/principle which refers/states to/that ___.
● The (law) defines ___ as ___.
● By definition, ___ is ___.
● As defined by the (law), ___.

CONCLUDING WORDS

Finally, Thus, Hence,

Therefore, From the foregoing, it can be Lastly,

deduced that/it is now safe to
conclude that…

Accordingly, As a necessary Consequently,

consequence,

The logical implication is In view of the foregoing, Undoubtedly,

that…

For this/these reasons/s, it is Based on the given In this light,

unavoidable to conclude facts/based on the facts
that… obtained…

This being the case… There is no doubt that… All this considered,

It follows therefore that… As a logical result, In sum,

Given the prevailing facts, Having started the foregoing premises,

ELABORATING/EXPOUNDING ANSWERS

It should be borne in mind It must be noted that… It may be recalled that…

that…

It is worth observing that… It must be taken into More importantly,

consideration that…

Significantly/Corollarily Furthermore/Moreover Similarly/In other

words/Otherwise stated

Simply put/stated Under the same line of With regard to…

reasoning, (“with regards to” is wrong)
 Anent the (i.e first issue), As far as the ___ is This is indicated by the facts
concerned, ___ that ___

Applying the principle of ___ The law is categorical (means In like manner/In the same
absolutely clear) with regard to manner/In the same vein/In
___. the same breath/Likewise

By analogy, Attention must be drawn to ___ and ___ are two mutually
the fact that ___ exclusive remedies. An
application of one precludes
the application of the other

It must be pointed out that… Notably, At the outset, (means “to begin
with” or “from the beginning”)

NOTA BENE: Go straight to the point. The answers must always be proportionate to the points allotted for such
particular question. The higher the points, the more in-depth the elaboration should be. The answer must not be too
long because it is an indication that you are not sure of the answer. More talk, more mistakes.

APPLICATION/REFERRING BACK TO THE CASE

● Here,
● Applying the said law/doctrine in the instant case,
● From the facts given, noteworthy is the/it is readily observable that…
● In the present case, it is immediately noticeable that the element of ___ is wanting
(lacking).
● Under the circumstances, the proper remedy would be___.
● It logically follows that ___
● Worth emphasizing the facts that ___