‫‪HSE Department‬‬

‫ﻣﺤﺎﺿﺮﺓﺍﻟﺼﺤﺔ ﻭﺍﻟﺴﻼﻣﺔ ﺍﻟﻤﻬﻨﻴﺔ ﺍﻹﺳﺒﻮﻋﻴﺔ‬

‫ﺍﻟﻮﻳﺮﺍﺕ‬
‫ﻣﻌﺩﺍﺕ ﻭﺃﺩﻭﺍﺕ ﺍﻟﺭﻓﻊ‬

‫ﺃﺭﺑﻌﺔ ﺃﻧﻭﺍﻉ ﺭﺋﻳﺳﻳﺔ ﻣﻥ ﺃﺩﻭﺍﺕ ﺍﻟﺭﻓﻊ‬

‫ﺳﻼﺳﻝ‬ ‫ﻭﻳﺭﺍﺕ ﺻﻠﺏ‬ ‫ﻭﻳﺭﺍﺕ ﻣﻌﺩﻧﻳﺔ )ﺷﺑﻛﺔ(‬ ‫ﻭﻳﺭﺍﺕ ﺻﻧﺎﻋﻳﺔ )ﻗﻣﺎﺵ – ﺑﻭﻟﻳﺳﺗﻳﺭ‪ -‬ﻧﺎﻳﻠﻭﻥ(‬

‫ﺛﻼﺛﺔ ﺃﻧﻭﺍﻉ ﺭﺋﻳﺳﻳﺔ ﻟﻌﻣﻠﻳﺎﺕ ﺍﻟﺭﻓﻊ‬

‫‪Health, Safety & Environmental Dept.‬‬

‫ﻗﺩﺭﺍﺕ ﺍﻟﻭﻳﺭﺍﺕ ﻓﻰ ﺍﻧﻭﺍﻉ ﺍﻟﺭﻓﻊ )ﺍﻟﺗﺻﺑﻳﻥ ﺍﻟﻣﺧﺗﻠﻔﺔ(‬

‫ﻓﻰ ﻧﻭﻉ ﺍﻟﺭﻓﻊ ﺍﻟﻣﺳﺗﻘﻳﻡ )ﺍﻟﺭﺃﺳﻰ( ﻳﻛﻭﻥ ﻗﺩﺭﺓ ﺍﻟﻭﺍﻳﺭ ‪%۱۰۰‬‬ ‫•‬

‫ﻓﻰ ﻧﻭﻉ ﺍﻟﺭﻓﻊ ) ﺍﻟﺳﻠﺔ( ﺗﻛﻭﻥ ﻗﺩﺭﺓ ﺍﻟﻭﺍﻳﺭ ‪%۲۰۰‬‬ ‫•‬

‫ﻓﻰ ﻧﻭﻉ ﺍﻟﺭﻓﻊ )ﺍﻟﻌﻘﺩﺓ( ﺗﻛﻭﻥ ﻗﺩﺭﻥ ﺍﻟﻭﺍﻳﺭ ‪%۸٥‬‬ ‫•‬

‫‪1‬‬
‫‪Prepared by Saleh Elseiri‬‬
 ‫‪HSE Department‬‬
‫ﻣﺤﺎﺿﺮﺓﺍﻟﺼﺤﺔ ﻭﺍﻟﺴﻼﻣﺔ ﺍﻟﻤﻬﻨﻴﺔ ﺍﻹﺳﺒﻮﻋﻴﺔ‬
‫ﺍﻟﻮﻳﺮﺍﺕ‬
‫ﺍﻟﻁﺭﻳﻘﺔ ﺍﻟﺻﺣﻳﺣﺔ ﻭﺍﻟﺧﻁﺄ ﻓﻰ ﻋﻣﻠﻳﺎﺕ ﺍﻟﺭﻓﻊ‬ ‫•‬

‫ﻓﺣﺹ ﺍﻟﻭﻳﺭﺍﺕ‬

‫ﻳﺗﻡ ﻓﺣﺹ ﺍﻟﻭﻳﺭﺍﺕ‬

‫‪ ‬ﻛﻝ ﻳﻭﻡ ﻗﺑﻝ ﺍﻹﺳﺗﺧﺩﺍﻡ‬

‫‪ ‬ﻋﻧﺩ ﺗﻐﻳﺭ ﻅﺭﻭﻑ ﺍﻟﻌﻣﻝ‬

‫ﻳﺟﺏ ﺇﺳﺗﺑﻌﺎﺩﻫﻡ ﻓﻰ ﺣﺎﻟﺔ ﺍﻟﺗﻠﻑ ﺃﻭ ﺃﻥ ﺗﺻﺑﺢ ﻣﻌﻳﺑﺔ‬

‫ﺳﻼﺳﻝ ﺍﻟﺭﻓﻊ‬
‫ﺍﻟﻣﺯﺍﻳﺎ ‪:‬‬
‫ﺗﺄﺧﺩ ﺷﻛﻝ ﺍﻟﺣﻣﻝ ﻋﻧﺩ ﺍﻟﺭﻓﻊ‪.‬‬ ‫•‬

‫ﺍﻹﺧﺗﻳﺎﺭ ﺍﻷﻣﺛﻝ ﻟﺭﻓﻊ ﺍﻟﺣﻣﻭﻻﺕ ﺍﻟﺳﺎﺧﻧﺔ‪.‬‬ ‫•‬

‫ﻛﻣﺎ ﺗﺗﻣﻳﺯ ﺑﺎﻟﻘﻭﺓ ﻭﺍﻟﺻﻼﺑﺔ‪.‬‬ ‫•‬

‫ﺍﻟﻌﻳﻭﺏ ‪:‬‬
‫ﻗﺩ ﺗﻧﻛﺳﺭ ﻋﻧﺩ ﺍﻟﺻﺩﻣﺎﺕ ﺍﻟﻣﻔﺎﺟﺄﺓ‪.‬‬ ‫•‬

‫ﻋﻧﺩ ﻛﺳﺭ ﺃﻭ ﻓﻘﺩ ﺣﻠﻘﺔ ﻭﺍﺣﺩﺓ‪ ،‬ﻳﺅﺩﻯ ﺫﻟﻙ ﻟﺳﻘﻭﻁ ﺍﻟﺣﻣﻝ ﻋﻧﺩ ﺍﻟﺭﻓﻊ ﻭﺑﺎﻟﺗﺎﻟﻰ ﺇﺗﻼﻑ ﺍﻟﺳﻠﺳﻠﺔ ﺑﺄﻛﻣﻠﻬﺎ‪.‬‬ ‫•‬

‫‪2‬‬
‫‪Prepared by Saleh Elseiri‬‬
 ‫‪HSE Department‬‬
‫ﻣﺤﺎﺿﺮﺓﺍﻟﺼﺤﺔ ﻭﺍﻟﺴﻼﻣﺔ ﺍﻟﻤﻬﻨﻴﺔ ﺍﻹﺳﺒﻮﻋﻴﺔ‬
‫ﺍﻟﻮﻳﺮﺍﺕ‬
‫ﻭﻳﺟﺏ ﺃﻥ ﻳﺛﺑﺕ ﻋﻠﻳﻬﺎ ﻟﻭﺣﺔ ﻣﻌﺩﻧﻳﺔ ﺗﻭﺿﺢ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺃﻗﻝ ﺗﻘﺩﻳﺭ ﺍﻟﺑﻳﺎﻧﺎﺕ ﺍﻵﺗﻳﺔ‪ :‬ﺍﻟﻁﻭﻝ‪ ،‬ﺍﻟﺣﻣﻭﻟﺔ‪ ،‬ﺍﻟﺷﺭﻛﺔ ﺍﻟ ُﻣﺻﻧﻌﺔ‪ ،‬ﺑﺎﻹﺿﺎﻓﺔ ﺇﻟﻰ‬
‫ﺗﺎﺭﻳﺦ ﺍﻟﻔﺣﺹ‪ ،‬ﺗﺎﺭﻳﺦ ﺇﻧﺗﻬﺎء ﺍﻟﻔﺣﺹ‬

‫ﺗﺭﻗﻳﻡ ﺍﻟﺳﻼﺳﻝ ‪:‬‬

‫ﻳﺟﺏ ﺃﻥ ﻳﻭﺿﻊ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺍﻟﺳﻼﺳﻝ ﻋﻼﻣﺔ ﺭﻗﻣﻳﺔ ﺗﻭﺿﺢ ﻧﻭﻉ ﺍﻟﻣﻌﺩﻥ ﺍﻟﻣﺻﻧﻭﻉ ﻣﻧﻪ ﺍﻟﺳﻠﺳﻠﺔ ‪ ،‬ﻭﺍﻟﺷﺭﻛﺔ ﺍﻟﻣﺻﻧﻌﺔ‪.‬‬ ‫•‬

‫ﻓﺣﺹ ﺍﻟﺳﻼﺳﻝ ‪:‬‬

‫ﻓﺣﺹ ﻅﺎﻫﺭﻯ ﻗﺑﻝ ﺍﻟﺑﺩء ﻓﻰ ﺍﻟﻌﻣﻝ‬ ‫•‬

‫ﻳﺟﺏ ﺍﻷﺧﺫ ﻓﻰ ﺍﻹﻋﺗﺑﺎﺭ ﻋﻧﺩ ﻣﻼﺣﻅﺔ ﺃﻯ ﺇﺳﺗﻁﺎﻟﺔ ﻣﻥ ﺍﻟﻁﻭﻝ ﺍﻷﺻﻠﻰ ﻟﻠﺳﻠﺳﻠﺔ‪.‬‬ ‫•‬

‫ﻳﺟﺏ ﻗﻳﺎﺱ ﻗﻁﺭ ﺍﻟﺣﻠﻘﺔ ﺍﻟﺗﺎﻟﻔﺔ ﻣﻥ ﺍﻟﺳﻠﺳﻠﺔ ﻋﻧﺩ ﺃﻛﺛﺭ ﺟﺯء ﺗﺎﻟﻑ‪ ،‬ﻭﻣﻘﺎﺭﻧﺗﻬﺎ ﺑﺄﻗﻝ ﻗﻁﺭ ﻣﺳﻣﻭﺡ ﺑﻪ ﻓﻰ ﺍﻟﺟﺩﻭﻝ ‪ ,‬ﻟﻣﻌﺭﻓﺔ ﺇﺫﺍ‬ ‫•‬
‫ﻛﺎﻥ ﻳﺟﺏ ﺇﺧﺭﺍﺟﻬﺎ ﻣﻥ ﺍﻟﺧﺩﻣﺔ ﺑﺳﺑﺏ ﻓﻘﺩ ﺑﻌﺽ ﺍﻟﺣﻠﻘﺎﺕ ﺃﻛﺛﺭ ﻣﻣﺎ ﻳﻧﺑﻐﻰ ﻣﻥ ﻣﺣﻳﻁﻬﺎ ﺍﻷﺻﻠﻰ ﺃﻡ ﻻ‪.‬‬

‫ﺍﻟﺟﺩﻭﻝ ﺍﻟﺧﺎﺹ ﺑﺄﻗﺻﻰ ﻣﺩﻯ ﻟﻺﺳﺗﻁﺎﻟﺔ ﺍﻟﻣﺳﻣﻭﺡ ﺑﻬﺎ‬

‫ﺟﺩﻭﻝ ﺍﻟﺧﺎﺹ ﺑﺄﻗﻝ ﻣﺣﻳﻁ ﻗﺩ ﺗﺻﻝ ﻟﻪ ﺣﻠﻘﺎﺕ ﺍﻟﺳﻠﺳﻠﺔ‬

‫‪Chain Size‬‬ ‫‪Minimum‬‬ ‫‪Chain Size‬‬ ‫‪Minimum Allowable Chain‬‬
‫‪Allowable‬‬ ‫)‪Size (Inches‬‬
‫)‪(inches‬‬ ‫‪Chain Size‬‬ ‫)‪(inches‬‬
‫)‪(Inches‬‬

‫¼‬ ‫‪15/64‬‬ ‫‪1‬‬ ‫‪13/16‬‬

‫‪3/8‬‬ ‫‪19/64‬‬ ‫‪1 1/8‬‬ ‫‪29/32‬‬

‫½‬ ‫‪25/64‬‬ ‫¼‪1‬‬ ‫‪1‬‬

‫‪3/32‬‬
‫‪5/8‬‬ ‫‪31/64‬‬ ‫‪1 3/8‬‬ ‫‪1‬‬

‫‪3/16‬‬
‫¾‬ ‫‪19/32‬‬ ‫½‪1‬‬ ‫‪1‬‬

‫‪13/32‬‬
‫‪7/8‬‬ ‫‪45/64‬‬ ‫¾‪1‬‬ ‫‪1‬‬

‫‪3‬‬
‫‪Prepared by Saleh Elseiri‬‬
 ‫‪HSE Department‬‬
‫ﻣﺤﺎﺿﺮﺓﺍﻟﺼﺤﺔ ﻭﺍﻟﺴﻼﻣﺔ ﺍﻟﻤﻬﻨﻴﺔ ﺍﻹﺳﺒﻮﻋﻴﺔ‬
‫ﺍﻟﻮﻳﺮﺍﺕ‬

‫ﺍﻟﻭﻳﺭﺍﺕ ﺍﻟﺻﻠﺏ‬
‫ﺗﺗﻛﻭﻥ ﻣﻥ ‪:‬‬

‫ﺳﻠﻙ‪ ،‬ﺟﺩﻟﺔ‪ ،‬ﺳﻠﻙ ﻣﺻﻧﻭﻉ ﻣﻥ ﺍﻟﻛﺗﺎﻥ ﺃﻭ ﺍﻟﺣﺭﻳﺭ‪...‬ﺇﻟﺦ ﻓﻰ ﺍﻟﻣﻧﺗﺻﻑ ﺃﻭ ﺍﻟﻘﻠﺏ ‪،‬‬

‫ﻭﻳﻛﻭﻥ ﺳﻠﻙ ﻭﺍﺣﺩ ﻓﻰ ﺍﻟﻣﻧﺗﺻﻑ ﻭﻳﻠﺗﻑ ﺣﻭﻟﺔ ﻣﺟﻣﻭﻋﺔ ﻣﻥ ﺍﻷﺳﻼﻙ ﻓﻳﻛﻭﻧﻭﺍ ﺟﺩﻟﺔ‪.‬‬

‫ﻭﻧﻛﻭﻥ ﻣﺟﻣﻭﻋﺔ ﻣﻥ ﺍﻟﺟﺩﻻﺕ ﺣﻭﻝ ﺍﻟﻣﻧﺗﺻﻑ ﻟﻳﻛﻭﻧﻭﺍ ﺍﻟﻭﺍﻳﺭ ﻓﻰ ﺍﻟﻧﻬﺎﻳﺔ‪.‬‬

‫• ﺇﺳﺗﺧﺩﺍﻡ ﺃﺩﻭﺍﺕ ﺍﻟﺭﻓﻊ‬

‫ﻋﻧﺩ ﺇﺧﺗﻳﺎﺭ ﺍﻟﻭﻳﺭﺍﺕ ﻳﺟﺏ ﻣﺭﺍﻋﺎﺓ ﺍﻵﺗﻰ‪:‬‬ ‫•‬

‫ﺍﻟﻘﻭﺓ‬ ‫•‬

‫ﺍﻟﻘﺎﺑﻠﻳﺔ ﻟﻠﺛﻧﻰ ﺑﺩﻭﻥ ﻛﺳﺭ‬ ‫•‬

‫ﺍﻟﻘﺩﺭﺓ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺗﺣﻣﻝ ﺍﻟﻘﺷﻁ ﻭﺍﻹﺣﺗﻛﺎﻙ‬ ‫•‬

‫ﺍﻟﻘﺩﺭﺓ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺗﺣﻣﻝ ﺳﻭء ﺍﻹﺳﺗﺧﺩﺍﻡ‬ ‫•‬

‫ﻳﺟﺏ ﺣﻣﺎﻳﺔ ﺍﻟﻭﻳﺭﺍﺕ ﻣﻥ ﺍﻟﺣﻭﺍﻑ ﺍﻟﺣﺎﺩﺓ ﻋﻧﺩ ﺍﻹﺳﺗﺧﺩﺍﻡ‪.‬‬ ‫•‬

‫ﻳﺟﺏ ﺣﻣﺎﻳﺔ ﺍﻟﻭﻳﺭﺍﺕ ﻣﻥ ﺍﻟﺣﻭﺍﻑ ﺍﻟﺣﺎﺩﺓ ﻋﻥ ﻁﺭﻳﻕ ﺍﻷﻏﻁﻳﺔ ﻣﺛﻝ ‪ ،‬ﺍﻟﺧﻳﺵ ‪ ،‬ﺍﻟﺧﺷﺏ‪ ،‬ﻭﻛﺫﻟﻙ ﻣﻥ‬
‫ﺍﻟﻣﻣﺎﺭﺳﺎﺕ ﻏﻳﺭ ﺍﻵﻣﻧﺔ ﻣﺛﻝ ﺭﻓﻊ ﺍﻟﺣﻣﻭﻟﺔ ﺍﻟﺯﺍﺋﺩﺓ‪.‬‬

‫‪4‬‬
‫‪Prepared by Saleh Elseiri‬‬
 ‫‪HSE Department‬‬
‫ﻣﺤﺎﺿﺮﺓﺍﻟﺼﺤﺔ ﻭﺍﻟﺴﻼﻣﺔ ﺍﻟﻤﻬﻨﻴﺔ ﺍﻹﺳﺒﻮﻋﻴﺔ‬
‫ﺍﻟﻮﻳﺮﺍﺕ‬
‫ﺍﻟﻔﺣﺹ‪:‬‬
‫ﻛﻝ ﻳﻭﻡ ﻗﺑﻝ ﺍﻹﺳﺗﺧﺩﺍﻡ‪ ،‬ﺍﻟﻭﻳﺭﺍﺕ ﻭﻛﻝ ﻣﻠﺣﻘﺎﺗﻬﺎ ﻳﺟﺏ ﻓﺣﺻﻬﺎ ﺑﻭﺍﺳﻁﺔ ﺷﺧﺹ ﻣﺅﻫﻝ ﻭﺫﻭ ﺧﺑﺭﺓ‪.‬‬ ‫•‬

‫ﻓﺣﺹ ﺇﺿﺎﻓﻰ ﺧﻼﻝ ﺍﻟﻌﻣﻝ ﻋﻧﺩ ﺗﻐﻳﺭ ﻅﺭﻭﻑ ﺍﻟﻌﻣﻝ ‪.‬‬ ‫•‬

‫ﺍﻟﻭﻳﺭﺍﺕ ﺍﻟﺗﺎﻟﻔﺔ ﺃﻭ ﺍﻟﻣﻌﻳﺑﺔ ﻳﺟﺏ ﺇﺧﺭﺍﺟﻬﺎ ﻣﻥ ﺍﻟﺧﺩﻣﺔ ﻓﻰ ﺍﻟﺣﺎﻝ‬

‫ﺻﻳﺎﻧﺔ ﺍﻟﻭﻳﺭﺍﺕ ﺍﻟﺻﻠﺏ ‪:‬‬

‫ﻳﺗﻡ ﺗﻧﻅﻳﻔﻬﺎ ﻣﻥ ﺍﻟﻌﻭﺍﻟﻕ‪ ،‬ﻋﻥ ﻁﺭﻳﻕ ﻓﺭﺷﺎﻩ‪.‬‬ ‫•‬

‫ﻳﺗﻡ ﺭﺷﻬﺎ ﺑﻣﺎﺩﺓ ﻁﻳﺎﺭﺓ ﻟﻠﻧﻧﻅﻳﻑ‪.‬‬ ‫•‬

‫ﻭﺿﻊ ﻣﺎﺩﺓ ﺯﻳﺗﻳﺔ ﺃﻭ ﺷﺣﻣﻳﺔ ﻋﻠﻳﻬﺎ ﻗﺑﻝ ﺍﻟﺗﺧﺯﻳﻥ‪.‬‬ ‫•‬

‫ﻳﺟﺏ ﺇﺧﺭﺍﺝ ﺍﻟﻭﻳﺭﺍﺕ ﺍﻟﺻﻠﺏ ﻣﻥ ﺍﻟﺧﺩﻣﺔ ﻓﻰ ﺍﻟﺣﺎﻻﺕ ﺍﻵﺗﻳﺔ‪:‬‬

‫ﺍﻟﺗﻌﺷﻳﺵ )ﺗﻛﻭﻥ ﻋﻠﻰ ﻫﻳﺋﺔ ﻋﺵ ﺍﻟﻁﺎﺋﺭ(‪ ،‬ﺍﻟﺗﺣﻁﻡ‪ ،‬ﺍﻹﻟﺗﻭﺍء‪.‬‬ ‫•‬

‫ﺃﻥ ﻳﻘﻝ ﺍﻟﻣﺣﻳﻁ ﺍﻟﺧﺎﺭﺟﻰ ﻟﻠﻭﺍﻳﺭ ﺍﻟﺻﻠﺏ ﺑﻧﺳﺑﺔ ‪ ۳/۱‬ﻣﻥ ﺍﻟﻣﺣﻳﻁ ﺍﻷﺻﻠﻰ‪.‬‬ ‫•‬

‫ﻛﺳﺭ ﺛﻼﺙ ﺳﻠﻛﺎﺕ ﻓﻰ ﺍﻟﺟﺩﻟﺔ ﺍﻟﻭﺍﺣﺩﻩ‪.‬‬ ‫•‬

‫ﻛﺳﺭ ‪ ٦‬ﺳﻠﻛﺎﺕ ﻓﻰ ﺍﻟﻣﺣﻳﻁ ﺍﻟﺧﺎﺭﺟﻰ ﻟﻠﻭﺍﻳﺭ ﺑﺎﻟﻛﺎﻣﻝ‪.‬‬ ‫•‬

‫‪5‬‬
‫‪Prepared by Saleh Elseiri‬‬
 ‫‪HSE Department‬‬
‫ﻣﺤﺎﺿﺮﺓﺍﻟﺼﺤﺔ ﻭﺍﻟﺴﻼﻣﺔ ﺍﻟﻤﻬﻨﻴﺔ ﺍﻹﺳﺒﻮﻋﻴﺔ‬
‫ﺍﻟﻮﻳﺮﺍﺕ‬
‫ﺣﻣﺎﻳﺔ ﺍﻷﻁﺭﺍﻑ )ﻋﻳﻭﻥ ﺍﻟﺭﻓﻊ( ﻣﻥ ﺍﻹﺣﺗﻛﺎﻙ‬

‫ﺍﻷﻗﻔﺎﻝ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺷﻛﻝ ﺣﺭﻑ‪U‬‬

‫ﻋﻧﺩ ﺇﺳﺗﺧﺩﺍﻡ ﻗﻔﻝ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺷﻛﻝ ﺣﺭﻑ ‪ U‬ﻳﺟﺏ ﺍﻟﺗﺎﻛﺩ ﺃﻥ ﺭﺑﻁ ﺍﻟﺻﻭﺍﻣﻳﻝ ﻛﻠﻬﺎ ﻓﻰ ﺇﺗﺟﺎﻩ ﻭﺍﺣﺩ ﻭﻳﻛﻭﻥ ﺍﻟﺭﺑﻁ ﻧﺎﺣﻳﺔ ﺍﻟﻁﺭﻑ ﺍﻟﺣﻰ‬ ‫•‬
‫ﻣﻥ ﺍﻟﻭﺍﻳﺭ ﺍﻟﺻﻠﺏ‪ ،‬ﻭﺑﺎﻟﺗﺎﻟﻰ ﻳﻛﻭﻥ ﺣﺭﻑ ‪ U‬ﻧﺎﺣﻳﺔ ﺍﻟﻁﺭﻑ ﺍﻟﻣﻳﺕ‬

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‫‪Prepared by Saleh Elseiri‬‬
 ‫‪HSE Department‬‬
‫ﻣﺤﺎﺿﺮﺓﺍﻟﺼﺤﺔ ﻭﺍﻟﺴﻼﻣﺔ ﺍﻟﻤﻬﻨﻴﺔ ﺍﻹﺳﺒﻮﻋﻴﺔ‬
‫ﺍﻟﻮﻳﺮﺍﺕ‬
‫ﺍﻟﺟﺩﻭﻝ ﺍﻟﺧﺎﺹ ﺑﺄﻗﻔﺎﻝ ﺍﻟﺭﺑﻁ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺷﻛﻝ ﺣﺭﻑ ‪: U‬‬

‫ﺳﻣﻙ ﺍﻟﻭﺍﻳﺭ ﺍﻟﺻﻠﺏ‪ ،‬ﻛﻣﺎ ﺗﺣﺩﺩ ﺍﻟﻣﺳﺎﻓﺔ ﺑﻳﻧﻬﺎ‪.‬‬

‫ﺑﻣﻌﻧﻰ ﻳﺗﻡ ﺗﺣﺩﻳﺩ ﻋﺩﺩ ﺍﻟﻛﻠﺑﺳﺎﺕ ﺍﻟﻣﺳﺗﺧﺩﻣﺔ‪ ،‬ﺣﺳﺏ ٌ‬

‫‪7‬‬
‫‪Prepared by Saleh Elseiri‬‬
 ‫‪HSE Department‬‬
‫ﻣﺤﺎﺿﺮﺓﺍﻟﺼﺤﺔ ﻭﺍﻟﺴﻼﻣﺔ ﺍﻟﻤﻬﻨﻴﺔ ﺍﻹﺳﺒﻮﻋﻴﺔ‬
‫ﺍﻟﻮﻳﺮﺍﺕ‬
‫ﺍﻟﻭﻳﺭﺍﺕ ﺍﻟﺻﻧﺎﻋﻳﺔ‪:‬‬
‫ﺍﻟﻭﻳﺭﺍﺕ ﺍﻟﺻﻧﺎﻋﻳﺔ ﺗﻭﻓﺭ ﺍﻟﻌﺩﻳﺩ ﻣﻥ ﺍﻷﻏﺭﺍﺽ ﻟﻌﻣﻠﻳﺎﺕ ﺍﻟﺭﻓﻊ‪ ،‬ﻭﺃﻛﺛﺭ ﺃﻧﻭﺍﻉ ﺍﻟﻭﻳﺭﺍﺕ ﺍﻟﺻﻧﺎﻋﻳﺔ ﺗﺻﻧﻊ ﻣﻥ ﺍﻟﻧﺎﻳﻠﻭﻥ‪ ،‬ﺍﻟﺑﻭﻟﻳﺳﺗﺭ‪،‬‬
‫ﺃﻭ ﺍﻟﻘﻣﺎﺵ‪.‬‬

‫ﺗﺷﺗﺭﻙ ﻛﻝ ﺍﻟﻭﻳﺭﺍﺕ ﺍﻟﺻﻧﺎﻋﻳﺔ ﻓﻰ ﺍﻟﺧﺻﺎﺋﺹ ﺍﻟﺗﺎﻟﻳﺔ‪:‬‬

‫ﺍﻟﻘﻭﺓ‬ ‫‪‬‬
‫ﺳﻬﻭﻟﺔ ﺍﻟﻌﻣﻝ ﺑﻬﺎ‬ ‫‪‬‬
‫ﺣﻣﺎﻳﺔ ﺍﻟﺣﻣﻝ ‪ ،‬ﻭﺃﻧﻬﺎ ﺇﻗﺗﺻﺎﺩﻳﺔ‬ ‫‪‬‬

‫ﻳﺟﺏ ﺍﻟﺗﺄﻛﺩ ﻣﻥ ﻭﺟﻭﺩ ﺍﻟﺑﺎﻳﺎﻧﺎﺕ ﺍﻟﺧﺎﺻﺔ ﺑﺎﻟﻭﻳﺭﺍﺕ ﺍﻟﺻﻧﺎﻋﻳﺔ ﻹﻳﺿﺎﺡ ﺍﻵﺗﻰ‪:‬‬

‫ﺍﻹﺳﻡ ﺃﻭ ﺍﻟﻌﻼﻣﺔ ﺍﻟﺗﺟﺎﺭﻳﺔ ﻟﻠﻣﺻﻧﻊ‬ ‫•‬

‫ﺣﻣﻭﻟﺔ ﺍﻟﻭﺍﻳﺭ ﻣﻊ ﻛﻝ ﻧﻭﻉ ﻟﻠﺭﻓﻊ )ﺃﻧﻭﺍﻉ ﺍﻟﺗﺻﺑﻳﻧﺎﺕ ﺍﻟﻣﺧﺗﻠﻔﺔ(‬ ‫•‬
‫ﻧﻭﻋﻳﺔ ﺍﻟﺧﺎﻣﺔ ﺍﻟﻣﺻﻧﻊ ﻣﻧﻬﺎ ﺍﻟﻭﺍﻳﺭ‬ ‫•‬
‫ﻛﻣﺎ ﻳﺟﺏ ﻓﺣﺻﻬﺎ ﻋﻥ ﻁﺭﻳﻕ ﺷﺧﺹ ﻣﺅﻫﻝ ﻭﺫﻭ ﺧﺑﺭﺓ ﻛﻝ ﻳﻭﻡ ﻭﻗﺑﻝ ﻛﻝ ﺇﺳﺗﺧﺩﺍﻡ ‪ ,‬ﻹﺧﺭﺍﺝ ﺍﻟﻭﻳﺭﺍﺕ ﺍﻟﺗﺎﻟﻔﺔ ﻭﺍﻟﻣﻌﻳﺑﺔ ﻣﻥ‬ ‫•‬
‫ﺍﻟﺧﺩﻣﺔ‪.‬‬

‫ﻭﻳﻘﻭﻡ ﺍﻟﺷﺧﺹ ﺍﻟﻣﺅﻫﻝ ﺑﺈﺟﺭﺍء ﻓﺣﺹ ﺇﺿﺎﻓﻰ ﺑﺷﻛﻝ ﺩﻭﺭﻯ ﻋﻧﺩ ﺍﻟﺿﺭﻭﺭﺓ ﻛﻣﺎ ﻫﻭ ﻣﺣﺩﺩ ﻭﺫﻟﻙ ﺑﻧﺎء ﻋﻠﻰ ‪:‬‬

‫ﻣﻌﺩﻝ ﺗﻛﺭﺍﺭ ﺇﺳﺗﺧﺩﺍﻡ ﺍﻟﻭﺍﻳﺭ‬ ‫•‬

‫ﺧﻁﻭﺭﺓ ﻅﺭﻭﻑ ﺍﻟﺧﺩﻣﺔ ﻭﺍﻟﻌﻣﻝ‬ ‫•‬
‫ﻁﺑﻳﻌﺔ ﻋﻣﻠﻳﺎﺕ ﺍﻟﺭﻓﻊ‬ ‫•‬
‫ﺍﻟﺧﺑﺭﺓ ﺍﻟﻣﻛﺗﺳﺑﺔ ﺧﻼﻝ ﺳﻧﻭﺍﺕ ﺍﻟﺧﺩﻣﺔ ﻓﻰ ﻅﺭﻭﻑ ﻣﻣﺎﺛﻠﺔ‬ ‫•‬

‫ﻳﺟﺏ ﻋﻣﻝ ﻓﺣﺹ ﺩﻗﻳﻕ ﻟﻠﺑﺣﺙ ﻋﻣﺎ ﻳﻠﻰ‪:‬‬

‫ﺗﺣﺩﻳﺩ ﺍﻟﻭﻳﺭﺍﺕ ﺍﻟﻐﻳﺭ ﻣﻌﺭﻭﻓﺔ ﺑﻳﺎﻧﺎﺗﻬﺎ )ﻗﺩﺭﺗﻬﺎ‪ ،‬ﻧﻭﻉ ﺍﻟﺧﺎﻣﺔ ﺍﻟﻣﺻﻧﻊ ﻣﻧﻬﺎ ‪.... ،‬ﺇﻟﺦ(‬ ‫‪‬‬
‫ﺃﺣﻣﺎﺽ ﻛﺎﻭﻳﺔ ﺃﻭ ﺣﺭﻭﻕ‬ ‫‪‬‬
‫ﺇﻧﺻﻬﺎﺭ ﺃﻭ ﺗﻔﺣﻡ ﺃﻯ ﺟﺯء ﻣﻥ ﺍﻟﻭﺍﻳﺭ‬ ‫‪‬‬
‫ﺛﻘﻭﺏ‪ ،‬ﻗﻁﻊ‪ ،‬ﻋﻳﻭﺏ‬ ‫‪‬‬
‫ﺍﻟﺧﻳﺎﻁﺔ ﺍﻟﻣﻘﻁﻭﻋﺔ ﺃﻭ ﺍﻟﺑﺎﻟﻳﺔ ﻓﻰ ﺍﻟﻭﺻﻼﺕ‬ ‫‪‬‬
‫ﺍﻹﻓﺭﺍﻁ ﻓﻰ ﺍﻟﺗﺂﻛﻝ‬ ‫‪‬‬
‫ﺍﻟﻌﻘﺩ ﻓﻰ ﺃﻯ ﺟﺯء ﻣﻥ ﺍﻟﻭﺍﻳﺭ‬ ‫‪‬‬
‫ﺍﻟﺗﻠﻭﻳﻥ ﻭﺍﻟﻣﻧﺎﻁﻕ ﺍﻟﻬﺷﺔ ﻓﻰ ﺃﻯ ﺟﺯء ﻣﻥ ﺍﻟﻭﺍﻳﺭ‬ ‫‪‬‬
‫ﺍﻟﺗﺂﻛﻝ‪ ،‬ﺍﻟﻘﻁﻊ‪ ،‬ﺍﻟﺧﺭﻕ‪ ،‬ﻛﺳﺭ‪ ،‬ﺻﺩﺃ‪ ،‬ﺍﻟﻣﻠﺣﻘﺎﺕ )ﻋﻳﻭﻥ ﺍﻟﺭﻓﻊ ﺍﻟﻣﻌﺩﻧﻳﺔ( ﺍﻟﺗﺎﻟﻔﺔ ﺃﻭ ﺍﻟﻣﻛﺳﻭﺭﺓ‬ ‫‪‬‬
‫ﺍﻟﻅﺭﻭﻑ ﺍﻷﺧﺭﻯ ﺍﻟﺗﻲ ﺗﺳﺑﺏ ﺍﻟﺷﻙ ﻓﻲ ﺍﺳﺗﻣﺭﺍﺭ ﺍﺳﺗﺧﺩﺍﻡ ﺣﺑﺎﻝ‬ ‫‪‬‬

‫ﻋﻧﺩ ﻅﻬﻭﺭ ﺃﻯ ﺗﻠﻑ ﻣﻥ ﺍﻟﺳﺎﺑﻕ ﺫﻛﺭﻫﻡ ﺳﻭﺍء ﻓﻰ ﺍﻟﻭﺍﻳﺭ ﺃﻭ ﻣﻠﺣﻘﺎﺗﻪ ‪ ,‬ﻳﺟﺏ ﺇﺧﺭﺍﺟﻪ ﻓﻭﺭﺍ ﻣﻥ ﺍﻟﺧﺩﻣﻪ ‪.‬‬

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‫‪Prepared by Saleh Elseiri‬‬
 ‫‪HSE Department‬‬
‫ﻣﺤﺎﺿﺮﺓﺍﻟﺼﺤﺔ ﻭﺍﻟﺴﻼﻣﺔ ﺍﻟﻤﻬﻨﻴﺔ ﺍﻹﺳﺒﻮﻋﻴﺔ‬
‫ﺍﻟﻮﻳﺮﺍﺕ‬
‫ﻣﻠﺣﻘﺎﺕ ﻭﻳﺭﺍﺕ ﺍﻟﺭﻓﻊ ﺍﻟﺻﻧﺎﻋﻳﺔ ) ﻋﻳﻭﻥ ﺍﻟﺭﻓﻊ ﺍﻟﻣﻌﺩﻧﻳﺔ(‬
‫ﻳﺟﺏ ﺃﻥ ﺗﻛﻭﻥ ﺍﻟﻣﻠﺣﻘﺎﺕ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺍﻷﻗﻝ ﺑﻧﻔﺱ ﻗﺩﺭﺓ ﺍﻟﻭﻳﺭﺍﺕ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺍﻟﺣﻣﻭﻟﺔ‪.‬‬ ‫•‬

‫ﻻ ﺗﻛﻭﻥ ﻁﺭﻭﻓﻬﺎ ﺣﺎﺩﺓ ﻓﺗﺗﺳﺑﺏ ﻓﻰ ﻗﻁﻊ ﺍﻟﻭﺍﻳﺭ ‪.‬‬ ‫•‬

‫ﺗﺣﺫﻳﺭﺍﺕ ﻟﻸﺷﺧﺎﺹ ﺍﻟﻣﺳﺗﺧﺩﻣﻳﻥ‪:‬‬

‫ﻳﺟﺏ ﺍﻟﺗﺄﻛﺩ ﺃﻥ ﺟﻣﻳﻊ ﺃﺟﺯﺍء ﺍﻟﺟﺳﺩ ﺑﻌﻳﺩﺓ ﻋﻥ ﺍﻟﻣﻧﺎﻁﻕ ﻣﺎﺑﻳﻥ ﺍﻟﻭﺍﻳﺭ ﻭﺍﻟﺣﻣﻝ‪ ،‬ﻭﺑﻳﻥ ﺍﻟﻭﺍﻳﺭ ﻭﺍﻟﻭﻧﺵ ﺃﻭ ﺍﻟﻬﻭﻙ ‪.‬‬ ‫•‬

‫ﻳﺟﺏ ﺍﻟﺗﺄﻛﺩ ﺃﻧﻪ ﻻ ﻳﻭﺟﺩ ﺃﺣﺩ ﻳﻘﻑ ﺃﻭ ﻳﻣﺭ ﺗﺣﺕ ﺍﻟﺣﻣﻝ ﺍﻟﻣﻌﻠﻕ )ﺍﻟﻣﺭﻓﻭﻉ(‪.‬‬ ‫•‬

‫ﻣﻣﻧﻭﻉ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺍﻹﻁﻼﻕ ﺍﻟﺭﻛﻭﺏ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺍﻟﻭﺍﻳﺭ ﺃﻭ ﺍﻟﺣﻣﻝ ‪ ,‬ﺇﻻ ﺇﺫﺍ ﻛﺎﻥ ﺍﻟﻁﺭﺩ ﺃﻭ ﺍﻟﺣﻣﻝ ﻣﺻﻣﻡ ﻭﺃُﺧ ٌﺗﺑﺭ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺫﻟﻙ ﺑﻭﺍﺳﻁﺔ ﺷﺭﻛﺔ‬ ‫•‬
‫ﻣﺗﺧﺻﺻﺔ‪.‬‬

‫ﻻ ﺗﺳﺗﺧﺩﻡ ﺍﻟﻭﻳﺭﺍﺕ ﺍﻟﺻﻧﺎﻋﻳﺔ ﻓﻰ ﻣﻧﺻﺎﺕ ﺍﻟﻌﻣﻝ ﺍﻟﻣﻌﻠﻘﺔ‪.‬‬ ‫•‬

‫ﺍﻟﺗﺄﺛﻳﺭﺍﺕ ﺍﻟﺑﻳﺋﻳﺔ ﻭ ﺗﺧﺯﻳﻥ ﺍﻟﻭﻳﺭﺍﺕ ‪:‬‬

‫ﻳﺟﺏ ﺗﺧﺯﻳﻥ ﺍﻟﻭﻳﺭﺍﺕ ﻓﻲ ﻣﻧﻁﻘﺔ ﺣﻳﺙ ﻟﻥ ﻳﺗﻌﺭﺿﻭﺍ ﻟﻸﺧﻁﺎﺭ ﺍﻟﻣﻳﻛﺎﻧﻳﻛﻳﺔ ﺃﻭ ﺍﻟﻛﻳﻣﻳﺎﺋﻳﺔ ﺃﻭ ﺃﺿﺭﺍﺭ ﺍﻷﺷﻌﺔ ﻓﻭﻕ ﺍﻟﺑﻧﻔﺳﺟﻳﺔ‪ ،‬ﺃﻭ‬ ‫•‬
‫ﻟﺩﺭﺟﺎﺕ ﺣﺭﺍﺭﺓ ﻋﺎﻟﻳﺔ‪،‬‬

‫ﻋﻧﺩ ﺗﻌﺭﺽ ﺍﻟﻭﻳﺭﺍﺕ ﻟﺩﺭﺟﺔ ﺣﺭﺍﺭﺓ ﻋﺎﻟﻳﺔ‪ ،‬ﻳﺟﺏ ﺇﺗﺑﺎﻉ ﺗﻌﻠﻳﻣﺎﺕ ﺍﻟﻣﺻﻧﻊ‬ ‫•‬

‫ﻛﻣﺎ ﻳﺟﺏ ﺍﻟﺭﺟﻭﻉ ﺇﻟﻰ ﺍﻟﻣﺻﻧﻊ ﻟﻠﻔﺣﺹ ﻓﻰ ﺣﺎﻟﺔ ﺗﻌﺭﺽ ﺍﻟﻭﻳﺭﺍﺕ ﺍﻟﺻﻧﺎﻋﻳﺔ‪ ،‬ﻷﺷﻌﺔ ﺍﻟﺷﻣﺱ ﺑﺷﻛﻝ ﻣﺳﺗﻣﺭ ﻭﺍﻷﺷﻌﺔ ﺍﻟﻔﻭﻕ‬ ‫•‬
‫ﺑﻧﻔﺳﺟﻳﺔ ‪.‬‬

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‫‪Prepared by Saleh Elseiri‬‬
 ‫‪HSE Department‬‬
‫ﻣﺤﺎﺿﺮﺓﺍﻟﺼﺤﺔ ﻭﺍﻟﺴﻼﻣﺔ ﺍﻟﻤﻬﻨﻴﺔ ﺍﻹﺳﺒﻮﻋﻴﺔ‬
‫ﺍﻟﻮﻳﺮﺍﺕ‬
‫ﺯﺍﻭﻳﺔ ﺗﺣﻣﻳﻝ ﺍﻟﻭﻳﺭﺍﺕ‬
‫ﻛﻠﻣﺎ ﺯﺍﺩ ﺇﻧﻔﺭﺍﺝ ﺯﺍﻭﻳﺔ ﺗﺣﻣﻳﻝ ﺍﻟﻭﻳﺭﺍﺕ‪ ،‬ﻛﻠﻣﺎ ﺯﺍﺩ ﺍﻟﺗﺣﻣﻳﻝ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺍﻟﻭﺍﻳﺭﺍﺕ‪ ،‬ﻣﻣﺎ ﻳﺿﻌﻑ ﻗﺩﺭﺗﻬﺎ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺍﻟﺗﺣﻣﻳﻝ‪.‬‬ ‫•‬

‫ﺟﺩﻭﻝ ﻣﻌﺎﻣﻝ ﺃﻣﺎﻥ ﺯﻭﺍﻳﺎ ﺍﻟﺗﺣﻣﻳﻝ‬

‫ﻟﻛﻝ ﺯﺍﻭﻳﺔ ﺗﺣﻣﻳﻝ ﻣﻌﺎﻣﻝ ﺃﻣﺎﻥ‪ ،‬ﻳﺟﺏ ﺃﺧﺫﻩ ﻓﻰ ﺍﻹﻋﺗﺑﺎﺭ ﻓﻰ ﻋﻣﻠﻳﺔ ﺍﻟﺭﻓﻊ‪ ،‬ﻓﻳﻣﻛﻥ ﻋﻥ ﻁﺭﻳﻕ ﻣﻌﺭﻓﺔ ﺍﻟﺯﺍﻭﻳﺔ‪ ،‬ﻭﻣﻌﺎﻣﻝ‬ ‫•‬
‫ﺍﻻﻣﺎﻥ ﺍﻟﺧﺎﺹ ﺑﻬﺎ‪ ،‬ﻣﻌﺭﻓﺔ ﺣﻣﻭﻟﺔ ﺃﻭ ﻗﺩﺭﺓ ﺍﻟﻭﺍﻳﺭﺍﺕ ﺍﻟﻣﻁﻠﻭﺑﻪ ﻟﻌﻣﻠﻳﺔ ﺍﻟﺭﻓﻊ‪.‬‬

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 ‫‪HSE Department‬‬
‫ﻣﺤﺎﺿﺮﺓﺍﻟﺼﺤﺔ ﻭﺍﻟﺴﻼﻣﺔ ﺍﻟﻤﻬﻨﻴﺔ ﺍﻹﺳﺒﻮﻋﻴﺔ‬
‫ﺍﻟﻮﻳﺮﺍﺕ‬
‫ﺑﻌﺽ ﺍﻟﻁﺭﻳﻕ ﺍﻟﺳﻬﻠﺔ ﻟﺗﺣﺩﻳﺩ ﺑﻌﺽ ﺯﻭﺍﻳﺎ ﺍﻟﺗﺣﻣﻳﻝ‬
‫ﺇﺫﺍ ﻛﺎﻧﺕ ﺍﻟﺯﺍﻭﻳﺔ ﻣﺎﺑﻳﻥ ﻭﻳﺭﺍﺕ ﺍﻟﺗﺣﻣﻳﻝ ﻭﺍﻟﻬﻭﻙ ْ‪ ,۹۰‬ﺗﻛﻭﻥ ﺯﺍﻭﻳﺔ ﺍﻟﺗﺣﻣﻳﻝ ْ‪٤٥‬‬ ‫•‬

‫ﺇﺫﺍ ﻛﺎﻥ ﺍﻟﻁﺭﺩ ﻣﻊ ﺍﻟﻭﻳﺭﺍﺕ ﻳﺷﻛﻠﻭﻥ ﻣﺛﻠﺙ ﻣﺗﺳﺎﻭﻯ ﺍﻷﺿﻼﻉ‪ ،‬ﺗﻛﻭﻥ ﺯﺍﻭﻳﺔ ﺍﻟﺗﺣﻣﻳﻝ ْ‪٦۰‬‬ ‫•‬

‫ﺟﺩﻭﻝ ﻳﻭﺿﺢ ﻛﻳﻑ ﺃﻥ ﺗﻐﻳﺭ ﺃﻭ ﺇﻧﻔﺭﺍﺝ ﺯﺍﻭﻳﺔ ﺍﻟﺗﺣﻣﻳﻝ ﻟﻠﻭﻳﺭﺍﺕ‪ ،‬ﻳﺅﺛﺭ ﻋﻠﻰ ﻗﺩﺭﺓ ﻭﺣﻣﻭﻟﺔ ﺍﻟﻭﻳﺭﺍﺕ‪،‬‬ ‫•‬
‫ﻓﻣﻊ ﺛﺑﺎﺕ ﺍﻟﺣﻣﻭﻟﺔ ‪۱۰۰۰‬ﺭﻁﻝ‪ ،‬ﺇﻻ ﺃﻧﻪ ﻧﺟﺩ ﺃﻧﻧﺎ ﻧﺣﺗﺎﺝ ﻟﻭﻳﺭﺍﺕ ﺃﻛﺑﺭ ﻓﻰ ﻗﺩﺭﺗﻬﺎ‪ ،‬ﻛﻠﻣﺎ ﺇﻧﻔﺭﺟﺕ‬
‫ﺍﻟﺯﺍﻭﻳﺔ‪.‬‬

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