= GA =

RISK GA FACTORS
- CNS
- CARDIO
- RESPIRATORY
- RENAL AND HEPATIC

= BALANCED ANESTHESIA
1. anticholinergics - secretions
2. Sedative–hypnotics - relax
3. Antiemetics - nausea
4. Antihistamines - allegry
5. Narcotics - sedation

= STAGES OF GA
- 1 - loss pain
- 2 - combative
- 3 - relaxation - okay for surgery
- 4 - deep CNS dpression - death

= GA ADMINISTRATION
- Induction - begin to stage 3
- Maintanace - stage 3 to surgery complete
- Recovery - discontinuation of anethesia until regain

= GOAL GA
- Loss pain
- Unconciosness
- Amnesia

= PREANESTHETICS MEDICATION
1. Benzodiazepines for anxiety
2. Barbiturates for sedation
3. Antihistamines for allergy
4. Antiemetics for aspiration
5. Opoid for analgesia
6. Anticholinergic to prevent secretions
7. Muscle relaxants for intubation and relaxation

= TYPES OF GA
- INHALATION
- gas
- liquid

-INTAVENOUS
- inducing agents
- dissociatove anesthesia
- neurolept analgesia

= Barbiturates
- IV
methohexital(Brevital)
- 3 - 4 min
thiopental (Pentothal)
- most used because no analgesic properties
- rapid 10 - 30 sec, recovery 5 - 8 min

= Non- Barbiturates
- droperidol (Inapsine)
hypotension, chills, hallucinations, and drowsiness
- etomidate (Amidate)
myoclonic and tonic movements
- fospropofol (Lusedra)
perianal burning, stinging, tingling, and rash
- ketamine (Ketalar)
hallucinations, dreams, and psychotic episodes
- midazolam (Generic Brand)
respiratory depression and CNS suppression
- propofol (Diprivan)
bradycardia, hypotension, and, in extreme cases, pulmonary edema

= ANESTHETIC GASES
Nitrous oxide (blue cylinder)
- onset 1 - 2 min, recovery 20 min
- Malignant hyperthermia

Oxygen - green - resuscitation

CO - Gray - enlarge and stabilize body cavities
Nitous Oxide - Blue
HE - Brown - adjunct therapy in a number of respiratory ailments such as asthma
N - Black - cryosurgery removal of some cancers and skin lesions
AIR - Yellow - substitute for nitrous oxide to reduce the high concentration of
oxygen exposure

= VOLATILE LIQUIDS
halothane (Fluothane)
Desflurane (Suprane)
enflurane (Ethrane)
isoflurane (Forane)
sevoflurane (Sevorane)
methoxyflurane (Penthrane)

= IV - medical procedures that take less than 15 minutes

Barbiturates
Benzodiazepines
Etomidate
Ketamine
Opiods
Propofol

DANTROLENE

= LA = regional anesthetics

= TYEPES OF LA
- Infiltration - directly into the tissues
- Field block - all around the area
- Nerve Block - at some point along the nerve
Peripheral nerve block - particular nerve
Central nerve block - roots of the nerves
Epidural anesthesia -epidural space
Caudal block - sacral canal
Spinal anesthesia - spinal subarachnoid space or cerebral spinal fluid

ESTERS
procaine (Novocain)
benzocaine (Dermoplast)
tetracaine ( Pontocaine)
AMIDES
bupivacaine (Marcaine)
lidocaine (Xylocaine)
mepivacaine (Carbocaine)
ropivacaine (Naropin)

- AUTONOMIC
- SENSORY
- MOTOR

= Neuromuscular Blocking Agents =

- paralyzed yet conscious

Depolarizing agents
- an acetylcholine agonist
- Short acting
- SUCCINUCHOLINE
Nondepolarizing agents
- antagonists to acetylcholine
-short, intermediate and long