Properties of a Square:

 A square has 4 sides and 4 angles (vertices).

 All the sides of a square are equal in length.
 All interior angles are equal and right angles (90°).
 The sum of the all the interior angles is 360°.

Perimeter (Sum of all sides)

Perimeter of square with Sides S = 4*S
Area of a square with Sides S = S*S

Properties of a Rectangle

The properties of a rectangle are as given below:

1. It is a flat and closed shape.

2. It has 4 sides, 4 angles, and 4 angles (vertices).
3. It has 2 dimensions, namely, length and width
4. Every angle of a rectangle measures 90°.
5. Opposite sides are equal and parallel.
6. It has 2 diagonals of equal length.

Perimeter of a rectangle = 2 (length + width)

Area of a rectangle = Length × Width

What is a Triangle?
A triangle is made up of 3 sides and 3 angles.

We can classify triangles according to the length of their sides.

(i) Equilateral triangle: If all sides of a triangle are equal, then it is called an equilateral
triangle.

(ii) Isosceles triangle: If two sides of a triangle are equal, then it is called an isosceles
triangle.

(iii) Scalene triangle: if none of the three sides of a triangle are equal to each other, it is
called a scalene triangle.

Quadrilateral
A quadrilateral has four sides, four angles, and four angles.

The above image is an example of a quadrilateral.

Parts of a quadrilateral

1. ∠A, ∠B, ∠C, and ∠D are the four angles of the quadrilateral ABCD
2. AB, BC, CD, and DA are the four sides of the quadrilateral ABCD.
3. A, B, C, and D are the four vertices of the quadrilateral ABCD.
4. AC and BD are the two diagonals of the quadrilateral ABCD.
5. Sum of all the angles of a quadrilateral is 360°.

Square, rectangle, parallelogram, rhombus, trapezium

are all examples of Quadrilateral
Properties of a Parallelogram

Parallelogram has four sides. It is also a quadrilateral

We can identify and distinguish a parallelogram with the help of the

following properties:
 The opposites sides of a parallelogram are parallel. Here, PQ ǁ RT and PR ǁ QT.
 The opposite sides of a parallelogram are equal. Here, PQ = RT and PR = QT
 The opposite angles of a parallelogram are equal. Here, ∠P = ∠T and ∠Q = ∠R
 The diagonals of a parallelogram bisect each other. Here, RE = EQ and PE = ET
 Same-side interior angles supplement each other. Here, ∠PRT + ∠RTQ = 180∘, ∠RTQ + ∠TQP = 180∘,
∘ ∘
∠TQP + ∠QPR = 180 , ∠QPR + ∠PRT = 180
 The diagonals divide the parallelogram into two congruent triangles. Here, ΔRPQ is congruent to ΔQTR,
and ΔRPT is congruent to ΔQTP
Types of Parallelogram

A parallelogram can be divided into various types depending upon the

different properties. It is mainly divided into three special types:
 Rectangle
 Square
 Rhombus

What is a Rhombus?
A rhombus can be defined as a special parallelogram as it fulfills the
requirements of a parallelogram, i.e. a quadrilateral with two pairs of parallel
sides. In addition to this, a rhombus has all four sides equal just like a
square. That is why it is also known as a tilted square.

Properties of a Rhombus

A rhombus is considered to be one of the special parallelograms as it

has all the properties of a parallelogram. A rhombus has its two diagonals as its
two lines of symmetry. Axis of symmetry can be considered as a line that
divides an object into two equal halves. It creates a mirror-like reflection
of both sides of the object. A rhombus is said to have reflection symmetry over
both of its diagonals. The general properties of a parallelogram are:
 Opposite angles are congruent or equal.
 The opposite sides are equal and parallel.
 Diagonals bisect each other.
 The sum of any two adjacent or consecutive angles is 180°.

Trapezium Definition
A trapezium is a two-dimensional quadrilateral (as it is made of four straight
lines) having a pair of parallel opposite sides. The opposite parallel
sides are referred to as the base and the non-parallel sides are referred
to as legs of the trapezium. It is a closed plane shape having four sides and
four corners. A trapezium shape is represented as:

Trapeziums are classified on the basis of the length of legs or the

measurement of their angles. The definition of each type of trapezium
along with its shape is given below.