Constitutional Law 2

Outline
(U.P. – 2022, abbreviated)

A.T. Muyot

Inherent Powers of the State

Police Power
General concepts
Edu v. Ericta, 35 SCRA 481 (1970)

Contemporary interpretation of limitations on police power

Ermita-Malate Hotel and Motel Operators v. City Mayor of Manila, 20 SCRA 849
(1967)
White Light Corp. v. City of Manila, G.R. No. 122846, Jan. 20, 2009

Protection of labor
Phil. Assn. of Service Exporters v. Torres, 212 SCRA 298 (1992)
JMM Promotion v. CA, 260 SCRA 319 (1996)

Protection of health
Mosqueda v. Pilipino Banana Growers, G.R. No. 189185, August 16, 2016
Beltran v. Secretary of Health, G.R. No. 133640, November 25, 2005

Vulnerable sectors
Drugstores Association of the Philippines v. NCDA, G.R. No. 194651, September 14,
2016
Southern Luzon Drug Corp. v. DSWD, G.R. No. 199669, April 25, 2017
SPARK v. Quezon City, G.R. No. 225442, August 8, 2017

Improper use of police power

National Development Corp. v. Phil. Veterans Bank, 192 SCRA 257 (1990)

Eminent Domain
General concepts and interface of eminent domain and police power
Association of Small Landowners v. Sec. of Agrarian Reform, 175 SCRA 343 (1989)

Who may exercise eminent domain

MORE v. PECO, G. R. 248061, September 15, 2020

Taking and just compensation

Reyes v. NHA, 395 SCRA 494 (2003)

Statutory limitations on taking

City of Mandaluyong v. Aguilar, 350 SCRA 487 (2001)
Lagcao v. Labra, 440 SCRA 279 (2004)

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Taxation
Principles
Sison v. Ancheta, 130 SCRA 654 (1984)
Reyes v. Almanzor, 196 SCRA 322 (1991)

Exemptions from taxation

Lung Center v. Quezon City, 433 SCRA 119 (2004)
National Power Corp. v. City of Cabanatuan, 401 SCRA 259 (2003)

Bill of Rights
Due Process
Limitations of due process
Rubi v. Prov. Board of Mindoro, 39 Phil. 660 (1919)

Substantive and procedural due process

Ynot v. IAC, 148 SCRA 659 (1987)
Corona v. United Harbors Pilots Association, 283 SCRA 31 (1997)
Tanada v. Tuvera, 146 SCRA 446 (1986)
Nunez v. Sandiganbayan, 111 SCRA 433 (1982)

Administrative due process

Ang Tibay v. CIR, 69 Phil. 635 (1940)
Pollution Adjudication Board v. CA, 119 SCRA 112 (1991)
Non v. Dames, 185 SCRA 523 (1990)

Equal Protection
General principles; relative constitutionality
Central Bank Employees Association v. BSP, G.R. 148208, Dec. 15, 2004

Classifications
Ichong v. Hernandez, 101 Phil. 1155 (1957)
Victoriano v. Elizalde Rope Workers Union, 59 SCRA 54 (1974)
Dumlao v. Comelec, 95 SCRA 392 (1980)
Ang Ladlad v. Comelec, G.R. 190582, April 8, 2010
Tatad v. Secretary of Energy, 281 SCRA 330 (1997)
Garcia v. Drilon, G.R. 179267, June 25, 2013
Biraogo v. Philippine Truth Commission, G.R. 192935, Dec. 7, 2010

Search and Seizure

Requirements for a warrant and the exclusionary rule
Stonehill v. Diokno, 20 SCRA 383 (1967)
Burgos v. Chief of Staff, 133 SCRA 800 (1984)

Not applicable to searches by private persons

People v. Marti, 193 SCRA 57 (1991)

Warrantless searches
People v. Aruta, 288 SCRA 626 (1998)

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Valmonte v. De Villa, 173 SCRA 211 (1989)
Aniag v. Comelec, 237 SCRA 424 (1994)
Caballes v. CA, 373 SCRA 540 (2002)
People v. Sapla, G.R. 244045, June 16, 2020

Privacy of Communication
Ganaan v.CA, 145 SCRA 112 (1986)
Ramirez v. CA 248 SCRA 590 (1995)

Right to Privacy
Ople v. Torres, 293 SCRA 141 (1998)

Data privacy
Republic Act No. 10173 (Data Privacy Act of 2012)

Reasonable expectation of privacy

Ayer Productions v. Capulong, 160 SCRA 861 (1988)
Social Justice Society v. Dangerous Drugs Board, G.R. No. 157870, Nov. 3, 2008
Vivares v. St. Theresa’s College, G.R. No. 202666, September 29, 2014

Freedom of Speech

Principles
Chavez v. Gonzales, G.R. No. 168338, Feb. 15, 2008

Limits of State intervention

Social Weather Station v. Comelec, 357 SCRA 496 (2001)
GMA Network, Inc. v. Comelec, G.R. No. 205357, September 2, 2014
Diocese of Bacolod v. Comelec, G.R. No. 205728, January 21, 2015
Disini v. Secretary of Justice, G.R. No. 203335, Feb. 11, 2014

Is there unprotected speech?

New York Times v. Sullivan, 376 U.S. 254 (1964)
MVRS Publications v. Islamic Da’wah Council, G.R. No. 135306.  January 28, 2003
Miller v. California, 413 U.S. 14 (1973)
Pita v. CA, 178 SCRA 362 (1989)
New York v. Ferber, 458 U.S. 747 (1982)
Republic Act No. 9775 (The Anti-Child Pornography Act of 2009)
Added: Demata v. People

Freedom of the Press

Chavez v. Gonzales, supra
In re Emil Jurado, 243 SCRA 299 (1995)

Freedom of Assembly
Reyes v. Bagatsing, 125 SCRA 553 (1983)
Malabanan v. Ramento, 129 SCRA 359 (1984)
Bayan v. Ermita, G.R. No. 169848, April 25, 2006

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Right to Information
Legaspi v.Civil Service Commission, 150 SCRA 530 (1987)
Valmonte v.Belmonte, 170 SCRA 256 (1989)
Chavez v. PCGG, 299 SCRA 744 (1998)
Akbayan v. Aquino, G.R. No. 170516, July 16, 2008
Province of North Cotabato v. Government, G.R. No. 183591, Oct. 14, 2008

Freedom of Religion
Ebralinag v. Division Superintendent of Schools, 219 SCRA 256 (1993)
Estrada v. Escritor, 408 SCRA 1 (2003)
Islamic Da’wah Council of the Philippines v. Office of the Executive Secretary, G.R.
No. 153888, July 9, 2003
Aglipay v. Ruiz, 64 Phils. 201 (1937)
Re Letter of Valenciano, A.M. No. 10-4-19-SC, March 7, 2017
Imbong v. Ochoa, G.R. No. 204819, April 8, 2014

Liberty of Abode; Right to Travel

Villavicencio v. Lukban, 39 Phil. 778 (1919)
Silverio v. CA, 195 SCRA 760 (1991)
Marcos v. Manglapus, 177 SCRA 668 (1989)
Genuino v. De Lima, G.R. No. 197930, April 17, 2018

Freedom of Association
In re Edillon, 84 SCRA 554 (1978)
SSS Employees Association v. CA, 175 SCRA 686 (1989)
Boy Scouts of America v. Dale, 530 U.S. 640 (2000)

Non-impairment of Contracts
Ortigas & Co. v. CA, 346 SCRA 748 (2000)

Access to Courts
Acar v. Rosal, G.R. No. L-21707, March 18, 1967

Custodial Investigation
People v. Mahinay, 302 SCRA 544 (1999)
People v. Del Rosario, G.R. No. 131036, June 20, 2001

Right to Bail
People v. Donato, 198 SCRA 130 (1991)
Padaranga v. CA, 247 SCRA 741 (1995)

Rights of the Accused

People v. Calma, 295 SCRA 629 (1998)
People v. Flores, 394 SCRA 325 (2002)
People v. Murillo, 434 SCRA 342 (2004)
People v. Rivera, 362 SCRA 153 (2001)

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In re: Request for Coverage of the Trial in the Sandiganbayan of the Plunder Case
Against Former Pres. Joseph Estrada, 360 SCRA 248 (2001)

Writs of Habeas Corpus and Amparo

Ilusorio v. Bildner, 322 SCRA 169 (2000)
Secretary of National Defense v. Manalo, G.R. No. 180906, Oct. 7, 2008
Lozada v. Macapagal-Arroyo, G.R. No. 184379, April 24, 2012
Navia v. Pardico, G.R. No. 184467, June 19, 2012
Caram v. Segui, G.R. No. 193652, August 6, 2014
Sanchez v. Darroca, G.R. No. 242257, June 15, 2021

Speedy Disposition of Cases

Mendoza-Ong v. Sandiganbayan, G.R. No. 146368, Oct. 18, 2004
Cervantes v. Sandiganbayan, 307 SCRA 149 (1999)
Remulla v. Sandiganbayan, G.R. No. 218040, April 17, 2017

Right Against Self-incrimination

People v. Ayson, 175 SCRA 216 (1989)
Chavez v. CA, 24 SCRA 663 (1968)
Villaflor v. Summers, 41 Phil. 62 (1920)
Beltran v. Samson, 53 Phil. 570 (1929)

Non-imprisonment for Beliefs; Involuntary Servitude

Caunca v. Salazar, 82 Phil. 851 (1940)

Excessive Fines and Cruel and Inhuman Punishment

Atkins v. Virginia, 536 U.S. 304 (2002)
Lim v. People, 390 SCRA 194 (2002)
Lito Corpuz v. People, G.R. No. 180016, April 29, 2014

Non-imprisonment for non-payment of debt or poll tax

Lozano v. Martinez, 146 SCRA 323 (1986)

Double Jeopardy
People v. Relova, 148 SCRA 292 (1987)
People v. De la Torre, 380 SCRA 596 (2002)

Ex Post Facto Law Bill of Attainder

People v. Ferrer, 48 SCRA 382 (1972)

Academic Freedom
Miriam College v. CA, 348 SCRA 265 (2000)
Morales v. U.P. Board of Regents, 446 SCRA 227 (2004)
Garcia v. Loyola School of Theology, 68 SCRA 277 (1976)
De La Salle University v. CA, G.R. No. 127980, Dec. 19, 2007
Ateneo de Manila University v. Capulong, G.R. No. 99327, May 27, 1993
Pimentel v. Legal Education Board, G.R. No. 230642, September 10, 2019

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Human Rights
Commission on Human Rights
Carino v. CHR, 204 SCRA 483 (1991)
Simon v. CHR, 229 SCRA 117 (1994)

Civil Liability for Violation of Rights

Lim v. Ponce de Leon, 66 SCRA 299 (1975)
Aberca v. Ver, 160 SCRA 299 (1988)
MHP Garments v. CA, 236 SCRA 227 (1994)

UN Treaty Bodies
Wilson v. Executive Secretary, G. R. No. 189220, December 7, 2016

ATM/08Feb2022