✓

DIVISION OF CAGAYAN DE ORO CITY

LEARNING ACTIVITY SHEET (LAS)
GRADE _________

Name: Date: Score:

Subject:
Lesson Title: GENETICS
Learning Competency: Explain the different patterns of non-Mendelian inheritance
Reference: Science 9 Learner’s Module.2014. Department of Education. LAS No.: 9
CONCEPT NOTES: In Grade 8, you learned that cells divide to produce new cells and meiosis is one of the
processes producing genetic variations in Mendelian patterns of inheritance. In Grade 9, you will focus on describing
the location of genes in chromosomes, explain the different patterns of Nonmendelian inheritance and describe the
molecular structure of the DNA.
Gregor Mendel’s principles form the base for the understanding of heredity and variation. Although Mendel’s work
failed to discuss thoroughly the “factors” or genes he mentioned in his laws of inheritance, his findings prompted
other scientist to probe further into the mystery of heredity. Several researches were conducted after the rediscovery
of Mendel’s work.
Walter Sutton and Theodore Boveri became popular because they found the best evidence that an inherited trait is
determined by chromosomes. Chromosome Theory of Inheritance explained that genes are in the chromosomes. In
Genetic Dominance, genotype is a set of genes in the DNA while the phenotype is the physical expression of the
gene, features that we observe in an individual.

EXERCISE: Write the letter/s in the box provided.

✓

DIVISION OF CAGAYAN DE ORO CITY

LEARNING ACTIVITY SHEET (LAS)
GRADE _________

Name: Date: Score:

Subject:
Lesson Title: GENETICS
Learning Competency: Explain the different patterns of non-Mendelian inheritance
Reference: Science 9 Learner’s Module.2014. Department of Education. LAS No.: 9

EXERCISE: Phenotypes and Genotypes in Incomplete Dominance

✓

DIVISION OF CAGAYAN DE ORO CITY

LEARNING ACTIVITY SHEET (LAS)
GRADE _________

Name: Date: Score:

Subject:
Lesson Title: GENETICS
Learning Competency: Explain the different patterns of non-Mendelian inheritance
Reference: Science 9 Learner’s Module.2014. Department of Education. LAS No.: 9
CONCEPT NOTES: Codominance is a result when one allele is not dominant over the other. The resulting
heterozygotes exhibit the traits of both parents. One example of codominance is the MN blood typing in humans.
On the surface of our red blood cells are proteins bound to sugar molecules, forming complexes called antigens.
One group of antigens are controlled by a pair of alleles, LM and LN. The pairing of these alleles will determine
the blood type of an individual, and there are three: M, MN and N. Table 1 summarizes the genotypes and
phenotypes of the MN blood typing in humans.
✓

DIVISION OF CAGAYAN DE ORO CITY

LEARNING ACTIVITY SHEET (LAS)
GRADE _________

Name: Date: Score:

Subject:
Lesson Title: GENETICS
Learning Competency: Explain the different patterns of non-Mendelian inheritance
Reference: Science 9 Learner’s Module.2014. Department of Education. LAS No.: 9
CONCEPT NOTES: MULTIPLE ALLELES
Sometimes, even if only two alleles control a trait, there may be more than two types of alleles available.
This will also lead to more than two phenotypes expressed. Another blood group system in humans, the
ABO system, is an example of a character governed by multiple alleles. Three alleles are responsible for
this blood system: IA, IB, and i. The ABO blood type is determined by the presence or absence of two
antigens, A and B. Allele I does not code for an antigen. The IA and IB alleles are dominant over the i
allele, which is always recessive. However, when the IA and IB alleles are inherited together, both
alleles are expressed equally. This also makes IA and IB codominant of each other.

EXERCISE: Do you know your blood type? What is your blood type? What are your parents’
blood types? Make a Punnett square containing your parents blood type and yours and explain
your result. Which blood type you have inherited? Mom or Dad?
✓

DIVISION OF CAGAYAN DE ORO CITY

LEARNING ACTIVITY SHEET (LAS)
GRADE _________

Name: Date: Score:

Subject:
Lesson Title: GENETICS
Learning Competency: Explain the different patterns of non-Mendelian inheritance
Reference: Science 9 Learner’s Module.2014. Department of Education. LAS No.: 9
CONCEPT NOTES:

EXERCISE:

Q1. What blood type (or types) can be found in an offspring if a mother has type A blood and the father

has type B blood?________________________________

Q2. What blood type (or types) can be found in an offspring if a mother has type AB blood and the

father has type B blood?________________________________

Q3. What blood type (or types) can be found in an offspring if a mother has type O blood and the father

has type B blood?_________________________________

✓

DIVISION OF CAGAYAN DE ORO CITY

LEARNING ACTIVITY SHEET (LAS)
GRADE _________

Name: Date: Score:

Subject:
Lesson Title: GENETICS
Learning Competency: Explain the different patterns of non-Mendelian inheritance
Reference: Science 9 Learner’s Module.2014. Department of Education. LAS No.: 9
CONCEPT NOTES: SEX CHROMOSOME AND SEX DETERMINATION
Humans have 46 chromosomes in each cell. Observation of the human body cells show 23 pairs of chromosomes
for both males and females. Twenty-two pair are somatic chromosomes. The 23rd pair consist of sex
chromosomes. Human males and some other male organisms, such as other mammals and fruit flies, have non-
identical sex chromosomes (XY). Females have identical (XX) sex chromosomes. Males have 44 body
chromosomes and two sex chromosomes X and Y. The males determine the sex of their children. Females have
44 body chromosomes and two sex chromosomes, both X. The total number in each cell of an individual is 46.
These chromosomes contain the genes, which are the factors of heredity.

EXERCISE: Draw a Punnett square which shows the inheritance of the

sex chromosomes. Represent the female sex chromosomes with XX and
the male sex chromosomes with XY.

Q1. What will be the sex of a child produced when an egg is fertilized by a sperm that has a Y
chromosome? _______________________________________________

Q2. What type of sperm must fertilize an egg to result in a female

child?_________________________________________________

Q3. Based on this Punnett Square, what percent of children would you expect to be
male?____________________________________________________

Q4. Which sex chromosome is present in both male and female?

_____________________________________________________

Q5. Infer which sex chromosomes determines a person’s sex.

_______________________________________________

Q6. What are the other factors that may influence the expression of human
sexuality?.________________________________________
______________________________________________________
✓

DIVISION OF CAGAYAN DE ORO CITY

LEARNING ACTIVITY SHEET (LAS)
GRADE _________

Name: Date: Score:

Subject:
Lesson Title: GENETICS
Learning Competency: Explain the different patterns of non-Mendelian inheritance
Reference: Science 9 Learner’s Module.2014. Department of Education. LAS No.: 9
CONCEPT NOTES: SEX-LINKED GENES
Genes located on the X chromosomes are called X-linked genes. Genes on the Y chromosomes are called
Y-linked genes. An example of an X-linked trait in humans hemophilia. A person suffering from
hemophilia could die from loss of blood even from a small wound because the blood either clots very slow
or does not clot at all. Another example of an X-linked trait is color blindness. To illustrate the
inheritance of an X-linked trait, we will use color blindness in our lesson.
Let us study the table. The X chromosome with the gene for
Color blindness is represented as Xc, while the one without is
Represented as X.

EXERCISE:
1. Read the given problem: A. Color-blindness is a recessive, sex-linked disorder in humans. A color-blind man
has a child with a woman who is a carrier of the disorder.
KEY: X = normal vision Xc = color-blindness

2. Illustrate using a Punnett square the probability of having children who will have normal vision and children
who will be color-blind.

Q1. What is the genotype (letter) of the male?__________________________________

Q2. What is the genotype of the female?________________________________

Q3. What is the chance that the child will be color-blind?_____________________

Q4. What is the chance that a daughter will be color-blind? ___________________

Q5. What is the chance that a son will be color-blind?________________________

✓

DIVISION OF CAGAYAN DE ORO CITY

LEARNING ACTIVITY SHEET (LAS)
GRADE _________

Name: Date: Score:

Subject:
Lesson Title: GENETICS
Learning Competency: Explain the different patterns of non-Mendelian inheritance
Reference: Science 9 Learner’s Module.2014. Department of Education. LAS No.: 9
CONCEPT NOTES: SEX-LIMITED AND SEX-INFLUENCED TRAITS

Sex-limited traits are generally autosomal, which means that they are not found on the X or Y chromosomes. The
genes for these traits behave the same way that any autosomal gene behaves. The difference here comes in the
expression of the genes in the phenotype of the individual. Sex-limited traits are expressed in only one gender.

In cattle, for instance, lactation is expressed in females but never in males. Both male and female cattle however
possess a gene pair for lactation. The gene for lactation (L) is dominant over the nonlactating gene(l). Table 4 shows
the genotypes and phenotypes of the gene for lactation. These genes are carried by both males and females, but it is
only expressed in females. Have you noticed that in female cattle, if at least one gene pair is for lactation (L), the
female produces milk? In male cattle, it does not matter if they possess one or two genes for lactation. They never
produce milk.

Sex-influenced traits are also autosomal, meaning that their genes are not carried on the sex chromosomes. Again,
what makes these traits unusual is the way they are expressed phenotypically. In this case, the difference is in the ways
the two genders express the genes,

EXERCISE: Use a Punnett square in solving the problem for table 5.

Q1. Predict the genotypic and phenotypic ratios in the offspring if the mother is bald and the father is not bald.
Perform a cross using a Punnett square.

Q2. In what way are sex-limited and sex-influenced characters are similar?

________________________________________________________________________________________

Q3. What is the main difference between sex-limited and sex-influenced traits?

________________________________________________________________________________________
✓

DIVISION OF CAGAYAN DE ORO CITY

LEARNING ACTIVITY SHEET (LAS)
GRADE _________

Name: Date: Score:

Subject:
Lesson Title: GENETICS
Learning Competency: Explain the different patterns of non-Mendelian inheritance
Reference: Science 9 Learner’s Module.2014. Department of Education. LAS No.: 9
CONCEPT NOTES: DNA

DNA is composed of chains of nucleotides built on a sugar and phosphate backbone and wrapped around each
other in the form of a double helix. The backbone supports four bases: guanine, cytosine, adenine, and thymine.
Guanine and cytosine are complementary, always appearing opposite each other on the helix, as are adenine and
thymine. This is critical in the reproduction of the genetic material, as it allows a strand to divide and copy itself,
since it only needs half of the material in the helix to duplicate successfully.

EXERCISE: