GROUP 2

SCIENCE ( EARTH
AND SPACE )
 TYPES OF PLATE
BOUNDARIES POP-UP
MODEL MADE OF
RECYCLED materialS
The distribution of the volcanoes, earthquake epicenters,
and major mountain belts are distributed in close proximity
of the borders of the tectonic plates. Most of the active
volcanoes nowadays are found at the so called ''Ring of Fire''
which is practically the border of the Pacific Tectonic Plate.
 PLATE TECTONICS

The Theory of Plate Tectonics

*The Theory of Plate Tectonics states that Earth’s crust is divided into several plates, each of
which float on the Earth’s mantle. These plates collide, converge, and slide against each other.

THE PLATES
 Why Plate Tectonics are Important
PLATE TECTONICS IS ONE OF THE MOST IMPORTANT TOPICS TO STUDY. PLATE
TECTONICS EXPLAINS HOW EARTHQUAKES OCCUR, HOW VOLCANOES FORM, HOW
TSUNAMIS ARE BORN, AND GIVES US INSIGHT INTO THE ORIGINS OF OUR PLANET.

THE CONTINENTS MILLIONS OF YEARS AGO

 PLATE MOVEMENTS PART 1
 Convergent Boundary ( Oceanic and Continental ) : This is when two
plates collide. The heavier of two plates is forced under the other , which
is known a subduction zone. Normally , this is how a volcano is formed.

SUBDUCTION ZONE
PLATE MOVEMENTS PART 2
 Convergent Boundary ( Continental and Contenintal ) : This is
when two Continental Plates collide. Since neither of the plates
are heavier then each other , they press up against each other ,
building up pressure. Neither plate will give , and they are forced
upwards. This is how mountains are formed.
PLATE MOVEMENTS PART 3
 Divergent Boundary : This is when two plates move apart from each
other. This is generally how sea floor is formed.

DIVERGENCE
PLATE MOVEMENTS PART 4
 Transform Boundary : This is when two plates slide against each other.
Immense pressure is built up until one plate finally gives, causing an
earthquake, and triggering deadly tsunamis.

TRANSFORM BOUNDARY
QUESTIONS:
1. What is the Theory Plate Tectonics?

2. What is a convergent boundary?

3. Which type of plate movement causes earthquake?

4. How is sea floor generally formed?

5. How are volcanoes formed?

LETS MOVE ON TO THE VOLCANO !!!

 VOLCANO TYPES AND LANDFORMS MAGMA

USUALLY FORMS IN THE SOMEWHAT SOFT
LAYER OF HOT ROCK IN THE UPPER MANTLE,
JUST BELOW THE SOLID LITHOSPERE.
BECAUSE, THE MAGMA IS LESS DENSE THAN
THE ROCK AROUND IT, IT CRACKS ITS WAY UP
TO THE SURFACE. ONCE THE MAGMA EXITS A
VOLCANO AND IS EXPOSED TO AIR OR WATER,
IT IS CALLED LAVA. INSIDE A VOLCANO IS A
SYSTEM OF PASSAGEWAYS THROUGH WHICH
MAGMA CAN TRAVEL. BELOW THE VOLCANO
HERE’S THE EXAMPLE OF VOLCANO TYPES
COMPOSITE VOLCANO – is also called a stratovolcano, it is
made of alterning layers of lava flows and ashfalls.
CINDER CONE VOLCANO – if lava emerges from a new vent in
Earth’s crust as a mix of bombs, ash, and cinders, these materials will
build up into a cinder cone volcano.
SHIELD VOLCANO – have slow , quite, steady eruptions in which
lava flows out and builds up over a broad area. These are called
shield volcanoes, after the shape of a shield.
LAVA PLATEAU – can flow out of several long cracks in Earth’s
crust and flood an area repeatedly over many years. Over time these
relatively flat layers of hardened lava can build up into a lava
plateau.
CALDERA – if magma chamber empties, the lack of material in the
chamber can cause the rock above to collapse. This makes a bowl-
like caldera (kal DAIR uh) that may fill with water if the volcano
becomes dormant. Oregon’s Crater Lake is an example.
QUESTIONS:
1. Once magma reaches the surface, it is called? ____________

2. A volcano that is no longer erupting but is likely to erupt again in the future is ?

3. When a volcano erupts quietly, what kind of mountains forms ?