Passage for note making and summarizing: -

1. Salt is a colourless or white chemical compound of sodium

and chlorine-common table salt is sodium chloride. The
oldest method of making salt is solar evaporation, where salt
water is pumped into huge pans. This water is then
evaporated and it leaves behind sedimentary salt.

2.Salt is also got by mining of rock salt from rock strata. The
salt is blasted, mined, crushed and lifted to the surface.

3.Hydraulic mining of salt wells also produces salt. Here

water is pumped into rock salt beds, the salt dissolves and
the salt water/brine is pumped to the surface. This is dried
and graded, readied for sale.

4. Salt has innumerable uses in daily life. It is an important

part of human diet, as well as that of animals. It aids in the
manufacture of chemicals. It is used to control ice on city
streets in the freezing West, for water softening, meat
packing and fish curing, food preservation, textile dyeing,
leather tanning and in the making of soap, rubber and
ceramics.
Read the passage given below:
1. The great Sphinx sits in the desert of Egypt, about 800 miles from the capital
city of Cairo. It is beside three other pyramids and is said to be guarding the
three pyramids of Giza. It is a monster structure made of rock with the of a
man and the body of a crouching lion with its forepaws extended in front.
2.While the body is roughly sculptured, the Sphinx is carved with care. The
eyes look mysterious and has a look which nobody has been able to explain. It
seems to be gazing out into the desert with a look of mystical superiority.
3.The figure of the Sphinx measures above 18 metres in height and 57 metres
in length. It is believed that the Sphinx was made 5000 years ago.
Archaeologists are also able to tell us why the Sphinx was built. The one piece
of evidence that points to its being built is to be found in a little chapel that is
found between the paws of a large figure. The chapel has inscriptions put there
by two ancient Egyptian kings. According to these writings, the Sphinx
represents one of the forms of the Sun god Harmarchis. Thus, the purpose of
the Sphinx is to keep away all evil from the cemetery around the Pyramids.
4. Contrary to our belief, there are many sphinxes in Egypt besides the great
Sphinx of Giza. They are different from the mammoth structure because their
heads represent different kings of Egypt. This explains why these structures are
called 'sphinx' for the word means 'lord' according to the sacred writings of the
Egyptians. In ancient religions the king was believed to have the strength and
cunning of various beasts. These kings acquired the strengths of various beasts
by putting on the animal's head or by wearing their skins. So the carvers of
Egypt made their kings in shapes that were half human and half beast.
5. The idea of making sphinxes in ancient times was not confined to Egypt
alone. They were also built by the kings of Assyria and Greece. In these regions
the sphinxes were slightly different from their Egyptian counterparts in that
they had wings. In Assyria these figures were usually that of male kings but in
Greece they had heads of women. The word 'sphinx' comes from a Greek
word.
6. For the Egyptians, the Sphinx held a place just like the idea we have, of
dragons. We think of dragons as huge creatures capable of much destruction
but no one really believes that there are real dragons on earth.
Sample 2:
1.Getting enough sleep is as important as taking time out to relax. A good night's sleep is
essential for preserving the health of your brain and gives you the best chance to meet the
coming day with a razor-sharp mind. An average person needs about 6-7 hour sleep a night-
although it is also true that you need slight less than this, as you grow older- another
advantage of aging stress and sleep deprivation often feed on each other, since stress tends
to make it harder for you to fall asleep at night and sleep deprivation in itself causes stress.
2.Eventually, too little sleep can dramatically interfere with the performance of your
memory-something you obviously want to prevent. If you are not getting enough sleep try
going to bed 30-40 minutes earlier than your normal bed time for a few days. Lie down on
the bed and try to relax by disassociating yourself from your daily routine work. This is
normally enough to catch up on any sleep deprivation.
3. If, however, you suffer from insomnia you should seek the advice of your doctor. The
chances are it is affecting your ability to remember and recall information-and if you are
struggling to improve your memory scores, this could be at the root of your problem.
Prolonged periods of insufficient sleep can deplete your immune system, make you accident
prone and even cause depression-this can also reinforce a more negative outlook on life,
which can contribute to your stress burden. The good news is that your memory and mood
should automatically improve once you improve your sleep tackle your sleep issues and
everything else should fall in place.
4.Because stress management is so essential to maximise your brain power, if you are not in
the habit of setting aside time to relax, make it a priority to do so. Even a minute or two of
deep breathing can start to work wonders. Often the best ideas and memories can come to
you when you are in a state of relaxation as it is during these moments that your brain
stores, processes and plays with the information it has received.
5.Meditation has long been part of religious and spiritual life, especially in Asia. Today, more
and more people are adopting it in the Western countries also, for its value in developing
peace of mind and lowering stress. There is some evidence that regular meditation can have
real sleep gain and health benefits particularly in terms of protecting your brain against
ageing.

a) On the basis of your understanding of the above passage, make notes on it using
headings and sub headings. Use recognizable abbreviations (wherever necessary- minimum
4) and a format you consider suitable. Also supply an appropriate title to it.

b) Write a summary of the above passage in 50 words.