CHAPTER – 01

RATIONAL NUMBER
EXERCISE – 1.1
PAGE NO: 1.5

1. Add the following rational numbers:

−𝟓 𝟑

T IO S
(i) and
𝟕 𝟕

I
−𝟏𝟓 𝟕
(ii)
NO A Dand

CO N
𝟒 𝟒
A
−𝟖 −𝟒
(iii) and
𝟏𝟏 𝟏𝟏

PY
DO U A
𝟔 −𝟗
(iv) and
T
𝟏𝟑 𝟏𝟑
ED PR

Solution:
Since the denominators are of same positive numbers we can add them
C
©

directly
−5 3 (−5+3) −2
(i) + = =
7 7 7 7
−15 7 (−15+7) −8
(ii) + = =
4 4 4 4

Further dividing by 4 we get,

−8
= −2
4
−8 −4 (−8 + (−4)) (−8−4) −12
(iii) + = = =
11 11 11 11 11
6 −9 (6 + (−9)) (6−9) −3
(iv) + = = =
13 13 13 13 13
2. Add the following rational numbers:
𝟑 −𝟓
(i) 𝐚𝐧𝐝
𝟒 𝟖

Solution: The denominators are 4 and 8

By taking LCM for 4 and 8 is 8
We rewrite the given fraction in order to get the same denominator
3 (3×2) 6
= = and
4 4×2 8

T IO S
−5 (−5×1) −5
= =

I
8 (8×1) 8
NO A D
CO N
Since the denominators are same we can add them directly
A
6 −5 (6 + (−5)) (6−5) 1

PY
+ = = =
DO U A
8 8 8 8 8
T
ED PR

𝟓 𝟕
(ii) and
−𝟗 𝟑
C

Solution: Firstly, we need to convert the denominators to positive

©

numbers.
5 (5×−1) −5
= (−9×−1) =
−9 9

The denominators are 9 and 3

By taking LCM for 9 and 3 is 9
We rewrite the given fraction in order to get the same denominator
5 (−5×1) 5
− = (9×1)
= and
9 9
7 (7×3) 21
= (3×3) =
3 9

Since the denominators are same we can add them directly

−5 21 (−5+21) 16
+ = =
9 9 9 9

𝟑
(iii) -3 and
𝟓

Solution: The denominators are 1 and 5

By taking LCM for 1 and 5 is 5
We rewrite the given fraction in order to get the same denominator

T IO S
−3 (−3×5) −15
= =

I
(1×5)
and
1 5
NO A D
CO N
3 (3×1) 3
= (5×1) =
A
5 5

PY
DO U A
Now, the denominators are same we can add them directly
T
−15 3 (−15+3) −12
ED PR

+ = =
5 5 5 5
C

−𝟕 𝟏𝟏
©

(iv) and
𝟐𝟕 𝟏𝟖

Solution: The denominators are 27 and 18

By taking LCM for 27 and 18 is 54
We rewrite the given fraction in order to get the same denominator
−7 (−7×2) −14
= (27×2)
= and
27 54
11 (11×3) 33
= (18×3) =
18 54

Now, the denominators are same we can add them directly

−14 33 (−14+33) 19
+ = =
54 54 54 54
 𝟑𝟏 −𝟓
(v) and
−𝟒 𝟖

Solution: Firstly, we need to convert the denominators to positive

numbers.
31 (31 × −1) −31
= (−4 =
−4 × −1) 4

The denominators are 4 and 8

By taking LCM for 4 and 8 is 8

T IO S
We rewrite the given fraction in order to get the same denominator

I
−31
= NO A D
(−31×2)
=
−62
and

CO N
4 (4×2) 8
A
−5 (−5×1) −5
= =

PY
8 (8×1) 8
DO U A
T
Since the denominators are same we can add them directly
ED PR

−62 (−5) (−62 + (−5)) (−62−5) −67

+ = = =
8 8 8 8 8
C
©

(vi) 5/36 and -7/12

Solution: The denominators are 36 and 12
By taking LCM for 36 and 12 is 36
We rewrite the given fraction in order to get the same denominator
5 (5×1) 5
= (36×1) = and
36 36
−7 (−7×3) −21
= (12×3)
=
12 36

Now, the denominators are same we can add them directly

5 −21 (5 + (−21)) 5−21 −16 −4
+ = = = =
36 36 36 36 36 9
 −𝟓 𝟕
(vii) and
𝟏𝟔 𝟐𝟒

Solution: The denominators are 16 and 24

By taking LCM for 16 and 24 is 48
We rewrite the given fraction in order to get the same denominator
−5 (−5×3) −15
= (16×3)
= and
16 48

T IO S
7 (7×2) 14

I
= (24×2) =
24 48
NO A D
CO N
Now, the denominators are same we can add them directly
A
−15 14 (−15 + 14) −1

PY
+ = =
DO U A
48 48 48 48
T
ED PR

𝟕 𝟖
(viii) and
−𝟏𝟖 𝟐𝟕
C

Solution: Firstly, we need to convert the denominators to positive

©

numbers.
7 (7×−1) −7
= (−18×−1) =
−18 18

The denominators are 18 and 27

By taking LCM for 18 and 27 is 54
We rewrite the given fraction in order to get the same denominator
−7 (−7×3) −21
= (18×3)
= and
18 54
8 (8×2) 16
= (27×2) =
27 54

Since the denominators are same we can add them directly

−21 16 (−21+16) −5
+ = =
54 54 54 54

3. Simplify:
𝟖 −𝟏𝟏
(i) +
𝟗 𝟔

Solution: let us take the LCM for 9 and 6 which is 18

(8×2) (−11×3)
+

T IO S
(9×2) (6×3)

I
16 −33
+
18
NO A D
18

CO N
A
Since the denominators are same we can add them directly

PY
(16−33) −17
DO U A
=
18 18
T
ED PR

𝟓
(ii) 3 +
−𝟕
C
©

Solution: Firstly, convert the denominator to positive number

5 (5×−1) −5
= (−7×−1) =
−7 7
3 −5
+
1 7

Now let us take the LCM for 1 and 7 which is 7

(3×7) (−5×1)
(1×7)
+ (7×1)
21 −5
+
7 7

Since the denominators are same we can add them directly

(21−5) 16
=
7 7
 𝟏 𝟐
(iii) +
−𝟏𝟐 −𝟏𝟓

Solution: Firstly, convert the denominator to positive number

1 (1×−1) −1
= (−12×−1) =
−12 12
2 (2×−1) −2
= (−15×−1) =
−15 15
−1 −2
+
12 15

T IO S
Now let us take the LCM for 12 and 15 which is 60

I
(−1×5)
NO A D
+ (15×4)
(−2×4)

CO N
(12×5)
A
−5 −8
+

PY
60 60
DO U A

Since the denominators are same we can add them directly

T
ED PR

(−5−8) −13
=
60 60
C
©

−𝟖 −𝟒
(iv) +
𝟏𝟗 𝟓𝟕

Solution: let us take the LCM for 19 and 57 which is 57

(−8×3) (−4×1)
(19×3)
+ (57×1)
−24 −4
+
57 57

Since the denominators are same we can add them directly

(−24−4) −28
=
57 57

𝟕 𝟑
(v) +
𝟗 −𝟒
Solution: Firstly, convert the denominator to positive number
3 (3×−1) −3
= (−4×−1) =
−4 4
7 −3
+
9 4

Now let us take the LCM for 9 and 4 which is 36

(7×4) (−3×9)
(9×4)
+ (4×9)

T IO S
28 −27
+
36 36

I
NO A D
Since the denominators are same we can add them directly

CO N
A
(28−27) 1
=
36 36

PY
DO U A
T
ED PR

𝟓 𝟏𝟏
(vi) +
𝟐𝟔 −𝟑𝟗

Solution: Firstly, convert the denominator to positive number

C
©

11 (11×−1) −11
= (−39×−1) =
−39 39
5 −11
+
26 39

Now let us take the LCM for 26 and 39 which is 78

(5×3) (−11×2)
(26×3)
+ (39×2)
15 −22
+
78 78

Since the denominators are same we can add them directly

(15−22) −7
=
78 78
 −𝟏𝟔 −𝟓
(vii) +
𝟗 𝟏𝟐

Solution: let us take the LCM for 9 and 12 which is 108

(−16×12) (−5×9)
(9×12)
+ (12×9)
−192 −45
+
108 108

Since the denominators are same we can add them directly

T IO S
(−192−45) −237
=
108 108

I
NO A D
Further divide the fraction by 3 we get,

CO N
A
−237 −79
=
108 36

PY
DO U A
T
−𝟏𝟑 𝟓
ED PR

(viii) +
𝟖 𝟑𝟔

Solution: let us take the LCM for 8 and 36 which is 72

C
©

(−13×9) (5×2)
(8×9)
+ (36×2)
−117 10
+
72 72

Since the denominators are same we can add them directly

(−117+10) −107
=
72 72

−𝟑
(ix) 𝟎 +
𝟓

Solution: We know that anything added to 0 results in the same.

−3 −3
0+ =
5 5
 −𝟒
(x) 1 +
𝟓

Solution: let us take the LCM for 1 and 5 which is 5

(1×5) (−4×1)
(1×5)
+ (5×1)
5 −4
+
5 5

Since the denominators are same we can add them directly

(5−4)

T IO S
1
=
5 5

I
NO A D
CO N
A
4. Add and express the sum as a mixed fraction:

PY
−𝟏𝟐 𝟒𝟑
DO U A
(i) and
𝟓 𝟏𝟎
T
ED PR

Solution: let us add the given fraction

−12 43
+
5 10
C
©

let us take the LCM for 5 and 10 which is 10

(−12×2) (43×1)
(5×2)
+ (10×1)
−24 43
+
10 10

Since the denominators are same we can add them directly

(−24+43) 19
=
10 10
19 19
can be written as in mixed fraction.
10 10

𝟐𝟒 −𝟏𝟏
(ii) and
𝟕 𝟒
Solution: let us add the given fraction
24 −11
+
7 4

let us take the LCM for 7 and 4 which is 28

(24×4) (−11×7)
(7×4)
+ (4×7)
96 −77
+
28 28

T IO S
Since the denominators are same we can add them directly

I
(96−77) 19
=
28
NO A D 28

CO N
A

PY
−𝟑𝟏 −𝟐𝟕
DO U A
(iii) and
𝟔 𝟖
T
ED PR

Solution: let us add the given fraction

−31 −27
+
6 8
C
©

let us take the LCM for 6 and 8 which is 24

(−31×4) (−27×3)
(6×4)
+ (8×3)
−124 −81
+
24 24

Since the denominators are same we can add them directly

(−124−81) −205
=
24 24
−205 13
can be written as −8 in mixed fraction.
24 24
𝟏𝟎𝟏 𝟕
(iv) and
𝟔 𝟖

Solution: let us add the given fraction

101 7
+
6 8

let us take the LCM for 6 and 8 which is 24

(101×4) (7×3)
(6×4)
+ (8×3)
404 21
+
24 24

Since the denominators are same we can add them directly

(404+21) 425

T IO S
=
24 24

I
425 17
NO A D
can be written as 17 in mixed fraction.

CO N
24 24
A

PY
DO U A
T
ED PR
C
©
 Exercise – 1.2
Page no. 1.14

1. Verify commutativity of addition of rational numbers for each of

the following pairs of rational numbers:
−𝟏𝟏 𝟒
(i) and
𝟓 𝟕

T IO S
Solution: By using the commutativity law, the addition of rational
𝑎 𝑐 𝑐 𝑎
numbers is commutative ∴ + = +

I
𝑏 𝑑 𝑑 𝑏
NO A D
CO N
In order to verify the above property, let us consider the given fraction
A
−11 4
and as

PY
DO U A
5 7
−11 4 4 −11
T
+ and +
ED PR

5 7 7 5

The denominators are 5 and 7

C

By taking LCM for 5 and 7 is 35

©

We rewrite the given fraction in order to get the same denominator

−11 (−11×7) −77
Now, = (5×7)
=
5 35
4 (4 ×5) 20
= (7 =
7 ×5) 35

Since the denominators are same we can add them directly

−77 20 (−77+20) −57
+ = =
35 35 35 35
4 −11
+
7 5

The denominators are 7 and 5

By taking LCM for 7 and 5 is 35
We rewrite the given fraction in order to get the same denominator
4 (4×5) 20
Now, = (7×5) =
7 35
−11 (−11×7) −77
= (5×7)
=
5 35

Since the denominators are same we can add them directly

20 −77 (20+(−77)) (20−77) −57
+ = = =
35 35 35 35 35

T IO S
−11 4 −11
∴ + = 4/7 + is satisfied.
5 7 5

I
NO A D
CO N
A
𝟒 𝟕
(ii) and
𝟗 −𝟏𝟐

PY
DO U A
Solution: Firstly, we need to convert the denominators to positive
T
numbers.
ED PR

7 (7×−1) −7
= (−12×−1) =
−12 12
C
©

By using the commutativity law, the addition of rational numbers is

commutative.
𝑎 𝑐 𝑐 𝑎
∴ + = +
𝑏 𝑑 𝑑 𝑏

In order to verify the above property, let us consider the given fraction
4 −7
and as
9 12
4 −7 −7 4
+ and +
9 12 12 9

The denominators are 9 and 12

By taking LCM for 9 and 12 is 36
We rewrite the given fraction in order to get the same denominator
 4 (4×4) 16
Now, = (9×4) =
9 36
−7 (−7×3) −21
= (12×3)
=
12 36

Since the denominators are same we can add them directly

16 (−21) (16+(−21)) (16−21) −5
+ = = =
36 36 36 36 36
−7 4
+
12 9

T IO S
The denominators are 12 and 9

I
NO A D
By taking LCM for 12 and 9 is 36

CO N
A
We rewrite the given fraction in order to get the same denominator

PY
DO U A
−7 (−7×3) −21
Now, = (12×3)
=
12 36
T
ED PR

4 (4×4) 16
= (9×4) =
9 36
C

Since the denominators are same we can add them directly

©

−21 16 (−21+16) −5
+ = =
36 36 36 36
4 −7 −7 4
∴ + = + is satisfied.
9 12 12 9

−𝟑 −𝟐
(iii) and
𝟓 −𝟏𝟓

Solution:
By using the commutativity law, the addition of rational numbers is
commutative.
𝑎 𝑐 𝑐 𝑎
∴ + = +
𝑏 𝑑 𝑑 𝑏

In order to verify the above property, let us consider the given fraction
−3 −2
and as
5 −15
−3 −2 −2 −3
+ and +
5 −15 −15 5
−2 2
=
−15 15

The denominators are 5 and 15

By taking LCM for 5 and 15 is 15
We rewrite the given fraction in order to get the same denominator

T IO S
−3 (−3×3) −9

I
Now, = =
NO A D
5 (5×3) 15

CO N
2 (2×1) 2
A
= (15×1) =
15 15

PY
DO U A
Since the denominators are same we can add them directly
T
ED PR

−9 2 (−9+ 2) −7
+ = =
15 15 15 15
−2 −3
+
C

−15 5
©

−2 2
=
−15 15

The denominators are 15 and 5

By taking LCM for 15 and 5 is 15
We rewrite the given fraction in order to get the same denominator
2 (2 ×1) 2
Now, = =
15 15 ×1 15
−3 (−3×3) −9
= (5×3)
=
5 15

Since the denominators are same we can add them directly

2 −9 (2 + (−9)) (2−9) −7
+ = = =
15 15 15 15 15
 −3 −2 −2 −3
∴ + = + is satisfied.
5 −15 −15 5

𝟐 𝟏𝟐
(iv) and
−𝟕 −𝟑𝟓

Solution: Firstly, we need to convert the denominators to positive

numbers.
2 (2×−1) −2
= (−7×−1) =
−7 7

T IO S
12 (12×−1) −12

I
= (−35×−1) =
−35 35
NO A D
CO N
By using the commutativity law, the addition of rational numbers is
A
commutative.

PY
DO U A
𝑎 𝑐 𝑐 𝑎
∴ + = +
𝑏 𝑑
T 𝑑 𝑏
ED PR

In order to verify the above property, let us consider the given fraction
−2 −12
and as
C

7 35
©

−2 −12 −12 −2
+ and +
7 35 35 7

The denominators are 7 and 35

By taking LCM for 7 and 35 is 35
We rewrite the given fraction in order to get the same denominator
−2 (−2×5) −10
Now, = (7×5)
=
7 35
−12 (−12×1) −12
= (35×1)
=
35 35

Since the denominators are same we can add them directly

−10 (−12) (−10+(−12)) (−10−12) −22
+ = = =
35 35 35 35 35
−12 −2
+
35 7

The denominators are 35 and 7

By taking LCM for 35 and 7 is 35
We rewrite the given fraction in order to get the same denominator
−12 (−12×1) −12
Now, = (35×1)
=
35 35
−2 (−2× 5) −10
= =

T IO S
7 (7×5) 35

I
Since the denominators are same we can add them directly
NO A D
CO N
−12 −10 (−12+(−10)) (−12−10) −22
A
+ = = =
35 35 35 35 35

PY
−2 −12 −12 −2
DO U A
∴ + = + is satisfied.
7 35 35 7
T
ED PR

−𝟑
(v) 4 and
C

𝟓
©

Solution: By using the commutativity law, the addition of rational

numbers is commutative.
𝑎 𝑐 𝑐 𝑎
∴ + = +
𝑏 𝑑 𝑑 𝑏

In order to verify the above property, let us consider the given fraction
4 −3
and as
1 5
4 −3 −3 4
+ and +
1 5 5 1

The denominators are 1 and 5

By taking LCM for 1 and 5 is 5
We rewrite the given fraction in order to get the same denominator
 4 (4× 5) 20
Now, = (1×5)
=
1 5
−3 (−3×1) −3
= (5×1)
=
5 5

Since the denominators are same we can add them directly

20 −3 (20+(−3)) (20−3) 17
+ = = =
5 5 5 5 5
−3 4
+
5 1

T IO S
The denominators are 5 and 1

I
NO A D
By taking LCM for 5 and 1 is 5

CO N
A
We rewrite the given fraction in order to get the same denominator

PY
DO U A
−3 (−3×1) −3
Now, = (5×1)
=
5 5
T
ED PR

4 (4×5) 20
= (1×5) =
1 5
C

Since the denominators are same we can add them directly

©

−3 20 (−3+ 20) 17
+ = =
5 5 5 5
4 −3 −3 4
∴ + = + is satisfied.
1 5 5 1

𝟒
(vi) -4 and
−𝟕

Solution: Firstly, we need to convert the denominators to positive

numbers.
4 (4×−1) −4
= (−7×−1) =
−7 7

By using the commutativity law, the addition of rational numbers is

commutative.
 𝑎 𝑐 𝑐 𝑎
∴ + = +
𝑏 𝑑 𝑑 𝑏

In order to verify the above property, let us consider the given fraction
−4 −4
and as
1 7
−4 −4 −4 −4
+ and +
1 7 7 1

The denominators are 1 and 7

By taking LCM for 1 and 7 is 7

T IO S
We rewrite the given fraction in order to get the same denominator

I
NO A D
−4 (−4×7) −28

CO N
Now, = =
A
1 (1×7) 7

PY
−4 (−4×1) −4
= =
DO U A
7 (7×1) 7
T
ED PR

Since the denominators are same we can add them directly

−28 −4 (−28+(−4)) (−28−4) −32
+ = = =
C

7 7 7 7 7
©

−4 −4
+
7 1

The denominators are 7 and 1

By taking LCM for 7 and 1 is 7
We rewrite the given fraction in order to get the same denominator
−4 (−4×1) −4
Now, = (7×1)
=
7 7
−4 (−4× 7) −28
= (1×7)
=
1 7

Since the denominators are same we can add them directly

−4 −28 (−4 + (−28)) (−4−28) −32
+ = = =
7 7 7 7 7
 −4 −4 −4 −4
∴ + = + is satisfied.
1 7 7 1

2. Verify associativity of addition of rational numbers i.e., (x + y) + z

= x + (y + z), when:
𝟏 𝟐 −𝟏
(i) x = , y = , z =
𝟐 𝟑 𝟓

Solution: As the property states (x + y) + z = x + (y + z)

T IO S
Use the values as such,

I
1
NO A D
2
( + ) + ( ) = + ( + ( ))
−1 1 2 −1

CO N
2 3 5 2 3 5
A
1 2 −1
Let us consider LHS ( + ) + ( )

PY
2 3 5
DO U A
T
Taking LCM for 2 and 3 is 6
ED PR

(1× 3) (2×2)
(2×3)
+ (3×2)
C

3 4
+
©

6 6

Since the denominators are same we can add them directly,

3 4 7
+ =
6 6 6
7 −1
+( )
6 5

Taking LCM for 6 and 5 is 30

(7×5) (−1×6)
(6×5)
+ (5×6)
35 (−6)
+
30 30

Since the denominators are same we can add them directly,

(35+(−6)) (35−6) 29
= =
30 30 30
1 2 −1
Let us consider RHS + ( + ( ))
2 3 5

Taking LCM for 3 and 5 is 15

2 −1 (2×5) (−1×3)
( + ( )) = (3×5) + (5×3)
3 5

10 (−3)
= +

T IO S
15 15

I
Since the denominators are same we can add them directly,
10 NO A D
(−3) (10−3) 7

CO N
+ = =
A
15 15 15 15
1 7

PY
+
DO U A
2 15
T
Taking LCM for 2 and 15 is 30
ED PR

1 7 (1×15) (7×2)
+ = (2×15) + (15×2)
2 15
C

15 14
©

= +
30 30

Since the denominators are same we can add them directly,

(15+14) 29
= =
30 30

∴ LHS = RHS associativity of addition of rational numbers is verified.

−𝟐 𝟒 −𝟕
(ii) 𝒙 = ,𝒚= ,𝒛=
𝟓 𝟑 𝟏𝟎

Solution: As the property states (x + y) + z = x + (y + z)

Use the values as such,
 −2 4 −7 −2 4 −7
( + )+( )= + ( + ( ))
5 3 10 5 3 10

−2 4 −7
Let us consider LHS ( + )+( )
5 3 10

Taking LCM for 5 and 3 is 15

(−2×3) (4×5)
(5×3)
+ (3×5)
−6 20
+
15 15

T IO S
Since the denominators are same we can add them directly,

I
−6
+ NO A D
20
=
(−6+20)
=
14

CO N
15 15 15 15
A
14 −7
+( )

PY
DO U A
15 10
T
Taking LCM for 15 and 10 is 30
ED PR

(14×2) (−7×3)
(15×2)
+ (10×3)
C

28 (−21)
+
©

30 30

Since the denominators are same we can add them directly,

(28+(−21)) (28−21) 7
= =
30 30 30
−2 4 −7
Let us consider RHS + ( + ( ))
5 3 10

Taking LCM for 3 and 10 is 30

4 −7 (4×10) (−7×3)
( + ( )) = (3×10) + (10×3)
3 10

40 (−21)
= +
30 30

Since the denominators are same we can add them directly,

40 (−21) (40−21) 19
+ = =
30 30 30 30
−2 19
+
5 30

Taking LCM for 5 and 30 is 30

−2 19 (−2×6) (19×1)
+ = (5×6)
+ (30×1)
5 30
−12 19
= +
30 30

T IO S
Since the denominators are same we can add them directly,

I
(−12+19) 7
NO A D
= =

CO N
30 30
A
∴ LHS = RHS associativity of addition of rational numbers is verified.

PY
DO U A
T
ED PR

−𝟕 𝟐 −𝟑
(iii) 𝒙 = ,𝒚= ,𝒛=
𝟏𝟏 −𝟓 𝟐𝟐

Solution: Firstly, convert the denominators to positive numbers

C
©

2 (2×−1) −2
= (−5×−1) =
−5 5

As the property states (x + y) + z = x + (y + z)

Use the values as such,
−7 −2 −3 −7 −2 −3
( + ) + ( )= +( + ( ))
11 5 22 11 5 22

−7 −2 −3
Let us consider LHS ( + ) + ( )
11 5 22

Taking LCM for 11 and 5 is 55

(−7×5) (−2×11)
(11×5)
+ (5×11)
−35 −22
+
55 55
Since the denominators are same we can add them directly,
−35 −22 (−35−22) −57
+ = =
55 55 55 55
−57 −3
+( )
55 22

Taking LCM for 55 and 22 is 110

(−57×2) (−3×5)
(55×2)
+ (22×5)

T IO S
−114 (−15)
+
110 110

I
NO A D
Since the denominators are same we can add them directly,

CO N
A
(−114+(−15)) (−114−15) −129
= =
110 110 110

PY
DO U A
−7 −2 −3
Let us consider RHS +( + ( ))
T
11 5 22
ED PR

Taking LCM for 5 and 22 is 110

C

−2 −3 (−2×22) (−3×5)
( + ( )) = + (22×5)
©

5 22 (5×22)

−44 (−15)
= +
110 110

Since the denominators are same we can add them directly,

−44 (−15) (−44−15) −59
+ = =
110 110 110 110
−7 −59
+
11 110

Taking LCM for 11 and 110 is 110

−7 −59 (−7×10) (−59×1)
+ = (11×10)
+ (110×1)
11 110
−70 −59
= +
110 110
Since the denominators are same we can add them directly,
(−70 −59) −129
= =
110 110

∴ LHS = RHS associativity of addition of rational numbers is verified.

𝟑 −𝟒
(iv) x = -2, y = , z =
𝟓 𝟑

Solution: As the property states (x + y) + z = x + (y + z)

T IO S
Use the values as such,

I
−2
NO A D
3 −4 −2 3 −4

CO N
( + )+( )= + ( + ( ))
A
1 5 3 1 5 3

−2 3 −4

PY
Let us consider LHS ( + )+( )
DO U A
1 5 3
T
Taking LCM for 1 and 5 is 5
ED PR

(−2×5) (3×1)
(1×5)
+ (5×1)
C

−10 3
©

+
5 5

Since the denominators are same we can add them directly,

−10 3 (−10+3) −7
+ = =
5 5 5 5
−7 −4
+( )
5 3

Taking LCM for 5 and 3 is 15

(−7×3) (−4×5)
(5×3)
+ (3×5)
−21 (−20)
+
15 15

Since the denominators are same we can add them directly,

(−21+(−20)) (−21−20) −41
= =
15 15 15
−2 3 −4
Let us consider RHS + ( + ( ))
1 5 3

Taking LCM for 5 and 3 is 15

3 −4 (3×3) (−4×5)
( + ( )) = (5×3) + (3×5)
5 3

9 (−20)
= +

T IO S
15 15

I
Since the denominators are same we can add them directly,
9 NO A D
(−20) (9−20) −11

CO N
+ = =
A
15 15 15 15
−2 −11

PY
+
DO U A
1 15
T
Taking LCM for 1 and 15 is 15
ED PR

−2 −11 (−2×15) (−11×1)

+ = (1×15)
+ (15×1)
1 15
C

30 −11
©

=− +
15 15

Since the denominators are same we can add them directly,

(−30−11) −41
= =
15 15

∴ LHS = RHS associativity of addition of rational numbers is verified.

3. Write the additive of each of the following rational numbers:

−𝟐
(i)
𝟏𝟕
𝟑
(ii)
−𝟏𝟏
 −𝟏𝟕
(iii)
𝟓
−𝟏𝟏
(iv)
−𝟐𝟓

Solution:
−2 2
(i) The additive inverse of is
17 17
3 3
(ii) The additive inverse of is
−11 11

T IO S
−17 17
(iii) The additive inverse of is
5 5

I
NO A D
(iv) The additive inverse of
−11
is
−11

CO N
−25 25
A

PY
DO U A
4. Write the negative(additive) inverse of each of the following:
T
ED PR

−𝟐
(i)
𝟓
𝟕
C

(ii)
−𝟗
©

−𝟏𝟔
(iii)
𝟏𝟑
−𝟓
(iv)
𝟏

(v) 0
(vi) 1
Solution:
−2 2
(i) The negative (additive) inverse of is
5 5
7 7
(ii) The negative (additive) inverse of is
−9 9
−16 16
(iii) The negative (additive) inverse of is
13 13
 −5
(iv) The negative (additive) inverse of is 5
1

(v) The negative (additive) inverse of 0 is 0

(vi) The negative (additive) inverse of 1 is -1
(vii) The negative (additive) inverse of -1 is 1

5. Using commutativity and associativity of addition of rational

T IO S
numbers, express each of the following as a rational number:

I
𝟐 𝟕 −𝟒 −𝟏
(i) + + +
𝟓
NO A D
𝟑 𝟓 𝟑

CO N
A
Solution: Firstly, group the rational numbers with same denominators

PY
2 −4 7 −1
+ + +
DO U A
5 5 3 3
T
Now the denominators which are same can be added directly.
ED PR

(2+(−4)) (7+(−1))
+
5 3
C
©

(2−4) (7−1)
+
5 3
−2 6
+
5 3

By taking LCM for 5 and 3 we get, 15

(−2×3) (6×5)
(5×3)
+ (3×5)
−6 30
+
15 15

Since the denominators are same can be added directly

(−6+30) 24
=
15 15

Further can be divided by 3 we get,

24 8
=
15 5

𝟑 −𝟒 −𝟏𝟏 𝟕
(ii) + + +
𝟕 𝟗 𝟕 𝟗

Solution: Firstly, group the rational numbers with same denominators

3 −11 −4 7
+ + +
7 7 9 9

Now the denominators which are same can be added directly.

T IO S I
(3+ (−11)) (−4+ 7)
+
7
NO A D 9

CO N
(3−11)
A (−4+7)
+
7 9

PY
DO U A
−8 3
+
T7 9
ED PR

−8 1
+
7 3
C

By taking LCM for 7 and 3 we get, 21

©

(−8×3) (1×7)
(7×3)
+ (3×7)
−24 7
+
21 21

Since the denominators are same can be added directly

(−24+7) −17
+
21 21

𝟐 𝟖 −𝟏𝟏 𝟒 −𝟐
(iii) + + + +
𝟓 𝟑 𝟏𝟓 𝟓 𝟑

Solution: Firstly, group the rational numbers with same denominators

2 4 8 −2 −11
+ + + +
5 5 3 3 15
Now the denominators which are same can be added directly.
(2 + 4) (8 + (−2)) −11
+ +
5 3 15
6 (8−2) −11
+ +
5 3 15
6 6 −11
+ +
5 3 15
6 2 −11
+ +
5 1 15

T IO S
By taking LCM for 5, 1 and 15 we get, 15

I
(6×3) (2×15) (−11×1)
NO A D
+ (1×15) +

CO N
(5×3) (15×1)
A
18 30 −11
+ +

PY
15 15 15
DO U A

Since the denominators are same can be added directly

T
ED PR

(18+30+ (−11)) (18+30−11) 37

= =
15 15 15
C
©

𝟒 −𝟖 −𝟏𝟑 𝟏𝟕
(iv) + 𝟎 + + +
𝟕 𝟗 𝟕 𝟐𝟏

Solution: Firstly, group the rational numbers with same denominators

4 −13 −8 17
+ + +
7 7 9 21

Now the denominators which are same can be added directly.

(4 + (−13)) −8 17
+ +
7 9 21
(4−13) −8 17
+ +
7 9 21
−9 −8 17
+ +
7 9 21

By taking LCM for 7, 9 and 21 we get, 63

(−9×9) (−8×7) (17×3)
(7×9)
+ (9×7)
+ (21×3)
−81 −56 51
+ +
63 63 63

Since the denominators are same can be added directly

(−81+(−56)+ 51) (−81−56+51) −86
= =
63 63 63

T IO S
6. Re-arrange suitably and find the sum in each of the following:

I
𝟏𝟏 −𝟏𝟕 𝟏𝟏 −𝟐𝟓
(i) + + +
𝟏𝟐
NO A D 𝟑 𝟐 𝟐

CO N
A
Solution: Firstly, group the rational numbers with same denominators

PY
11 −17 (11−25)
DO U A
+ +
12 3 2
T
ED PR

11 −17 −14
+ +
12 3 2

By taking LCM for 12, 3 and 2 we get, 12

C
©

(11×1) (−17×4) (−14×6)

(12×1)
+ (3×4)
+ (2×6)
11 −68 −84
+ +
12 12 12

Since the denominators are same can be added directly

(11−68−84) −141
=
12 12

−𝟔 −𝟓 −𝟒 −𝟏𝟓
(ii) + + +
𝟕 𝟔 𝟗 𝟕

Solution: Firstly, group the rational numbers with same denominators

−6 −15 −5 −4
+ + +
7 7 6 9
(−6 −15) −5 −4
+ +
7 6 9
−21 −5 −4
+ +
7 6 9
−3 −5 −4
+ +
1 6 9

By taking LCM for 1, 6 and 9 we get, 18

(−3×18) (−5×3) (−4×2)
(1×18)
+ (6×3)
+ (9×2)

T IO S
−54 −15 −8
+ +

I
18 18 18

NO A D
Since the denominators are same can be added directly

CO N
A
(−54−15−8) −77
=

PY
18 18
DO U A
T
ED PR

𝟑 𝟕 𝟗 −𝟏𝟑 −𝟕
(iii) + + + +
𝟓 𝟑 𝟓 𝟏𝟓 𝟑
C

Solution: Firstly, group the rational numbers with same denominators

©

3 9 7 −7 −13
+ + + +
5 5 3 3 15
(3+9) −13
+
5 15
12 −13
+
5 15

By taking LCM for 5 and 15 we get, 15

(12×3) (−13×1)
(5×3)
+ (15×1)
36 −13
+
15 15

Since the denominators are same can be added directly

(36−13) 23
=
15 15
 𝟒 −𝟓 −𝟖 𝟗
(iv) + + +
𝟏𝟑 𝟖 𝟏𝟑 𝟏𝟑

Solution: Firstly, group the rational numbers with same denominators

4 −8 9 −5
+ + +
13 13 13 8
(4−8+9) −5
+
13 8
5 −5

T IO S
+
13 8

I
By taking LCM for 13 and 8 we get, 104
NO A D
CO N
(5×8) (−5×13)
A
(13×8)
+ (8×13)

PY
DO U A
40 −65
+
104
T 104
ED PR

Since the denominators are same can be added directly

(40−65) −25
=
C

104 104
©

𝟐 −𝟒 𝟏 𝟐
(v) + + +
𝟑 𝟓 𝟑 𝟓

Solution: Firstly, group the rational numbers with same denominators

2 1 −4 2
+ + +
3 3 5 5
(2+1) (−4+2)
+
3 5
3 −2
+
3 5
1 −2
+
1 5

By taking LCM for 1 and 5 we get, 5

(1×5) (−2×1)
(1×5)
+ (5×1)
5 −2
+
5 5

Since the denominators are same can be added directly

(5−2) 3
=
5 5

T IO S
𝟏 𝟓 𝟐 𝟕 𝟗 −𝟓
(vi) + + + + +
𝟖 𝟏𝟐 𝟕 𝟏𝟐 𝟕 𝟏𝟔

I
NO A D
Solution: Firstly, group the rational numbers with same denominators

CO N
A
1 5 7 2 9 −5
+ + + + +
8 12 12 7 7 16

PY
DO U A
1 (5+7) (2+9) −5
+ + +
8 12
T 7 16
ED PR

1 12 11 −5
+ + +
8 12 7 16
1 1 11 −5
C

+ + +
8 1 7 16
©

By taking LCM for 8, 1, 7 and 16 we get, 112

(1×14) (1×112) (11×16) (−5×7)
(8×14)
+ (1×112) + (7×16)
+ (16×7)
14 112 176 −35
+ + +
112 112 112 112

Since the denominators are same can be added directly

(14+112+176−35) 267
=
112 112
 Exercise 1.3
Page No. 1.18
1. Subtract the first rational number from the second in each of the
following:
𝟑 𝟓
(i) ,
𝟖 𝟖
−𝟕 𝟒
(ii) ,
𝟗 𝟗

T IO S
−𝟐 −𝟗
(iii) ,

I
𝟏𝟏 𝟏𝟏

NO A D
𝟏𝟏 −𝟒
,

CO N
(iv)
𝟏𝟑 𝟏𝟑
A
𝟏 −𝟑
(v) ,

PY
DO U A
𝟒 𝟖
T
−𝟐 𝟓
(vi) ,
ED PR

𝟑 𝟔
−𝟔 −𝟏𝟑
(vii) ,
𝟕 𝟏𝟒
C

−𝟖 −𝟕
©

(viii) ,
𝟑𝟑 𝟐𝟐

Solution:
(i) let us subtract
5 3
–
8 8

Since the denominators are same we can subtract directly

(5−3) 2
=
8 8

Further we can divide by 2 we get,

2 1
=
8 4
(ii) let us subtract
−7
4/9 –
9

Since the denominators are same we can subtract directly

(4+7) 11
=
9 9

(iii) let us subtract

T IO S
−9 −2
–

I
11 11
NO A D
CO N
Since the denominators are same we can subtract directly
A
(−9+2) −7
=

PY
DO U A
11 11
T
ED PR

(iv) let us subtract

−4 11
C

–
13 13
©

Since the denominators are same we can subtract directly

(−4−11) −15
=
13 13

(v) let us subtract

−3 1
–
8 4

By taking LCM for 8 and 4 which is 8

−3 1 (−3×1) (1×2) −3 2
– = (8×1)
– (4×2) = –
8 4 8 8

Since the denominators are same we can subtract directly

(−3−2) −5
=
8 8

(vi) let us subtract

5 −2
–
6 3

By taking LCM for 6 and 3 which is 6

5 −2 (5×1) (−2×2) 5 −4
– = (6×1) – = –

T IO S
6 3 (3×2) 6 6

I
Since the denominators are same we can subtract directly
NO A D
CO N
(5+4) 9
=
A
6 6

PY
Further we can divide by 3 we get,
DO U A

9 3
T
=
ED PR

6 2
C

(vii) let us subtract

©

−13 −6
–
14 7

By taking LCM for 14 and 7 which is 14

−13 −6 (−13×1) (−6×2) −13 −12
– = (14×1)
– (7×2)
= –
14 7 14 14

Since the denominators are same we can subtract directly

(−13+12) −1
=
14 14

(viii) let us subtract

−7 −8
–
22 33
By taking LCM for 22 and 33 which is 66
−7 −8 (−7×3) (−8×2) −21 −16
– = (22×3)
– (33×2) = –
22 33 66 66

Since the denominators are same we can subtract directly

(−21+16) −5
=
66 66

2. Evaluate each of the following:

T IO S
𝟐 𝟑

I
(i) –
𝟑 𝟓
NO A D
CO N
Solution: By taking LCM for 3 and 5 which is 15
A
2 3 (2×5 – 3×3)

PY
– =
DO U A
3 5 15
T 1
=
ED PR

15
C

−𝟒 𝟐
(ii) –
©

𝟕 −𝟑

Solution: convert the denominator to positive number by multiplying by

-1
2 −2
=
−3 3
−4 −2
–
7 3

By taking LCM for 7 and 3 which is 21

−4 −2 ((−4×3) – (−2×7))
– = 1
7 3 2
(−12+14)
=
21
2
=
21
 𝟒 −𝟓
(iii) –
𝟕 −𝟕

Solution: convert the denominator to positive number by multiplying by

-1
−5 5
=
−7 7
4 5
–
7 7

Since the denominators are same we can subtract directly

T IO S
(4−5) −1
=

I
7 7
NO A D
CO N
A
𝟓
(iv) -2 –

PY
DO U A
𝟗
T
Solution: By taking LCM for 1 and 9 which is 9
ED PR

−2 5 (−2×9 – 5×1)
– =
1 9 9
C

(−18 – 5)
=
©

9
−23
=
9

−𝟑 −𝟐
(v) –
−𝟖 𝟕

Solution: convert the denominator to positive number by multiplying by

-1
−3 3
=
−8 8
3 −2
–
8 7

By taking LCM for 8 and 7 which is 56

3 −2 (3×7 – (−2×8))
– =
8 7 56
(21+16)
=
56
37
=
56

−𝟒 −𝟓
(vi) –
𝟏𝟑 𝟐𝟔

T IO S
Solution: By taking LCM for 13 and 26 which is 26

I
−4
– NO A D
−5
=
((−4×2 )–(−5×1))

CO N
13 26 26
A
(−8+5)
=

PY
26
DO U A

−3
T
=
ED PR

26
C

−𝟓 −𝟐
(vii) –
©

𝟏𝟒 𝟕

Solution: By taking LCM for 14 and 7 which is 14

−5 −2 ((−5×1) –(−2×2))
– =
14 7 14
(−5 + 4)
=
14
−1
=
14

𝟏𝟑 𝟏𝟐
(viii) –
𝟏𝟓 𝟐𝟓

Solution: By taking LCM for 15 and 25 which is 75

13 12 (13×5 – 12×3)
– =
15 25 75
(65 – 36)
=
75
29
=
75

−𝟔 −𝟕
(ix) –
𝟏𝟑 𝟏𝟑

T IO S
Solution: Since the denominators are same we can subtract directly

I
−6 −7 (−6+7) 1
–
NO A D = =

CO N
13 13 13 13
A

PY
DO U A
𝟕 𝟏𝟗
(x) –
𝟐𝟒 𝟑𝟔
T
ED PR

Solution: By taking LCM for 24 and 36 which is 72

7 19 (7×3 – 19×2)
– =
C

24 36 72
©

(21 – 38)
=
72
−17
=
72

𝟓 −𝟖
(xi) –
𝟔𝟑 𝟐𝟏

Solution: By taking LCM for 63 and 21 which is 63

5 −8 (5×1 – (−8×3))
– =
63 21 63
(5+24)
=
63
29
=
63
 𝟓 𝟏
3. The sum of the two numbers is . If one of the numbers is , find
𝟗 𝟑
the other.
Solution: Let us note down the given details
5
Sum of two numbers =
9
1
One of the number =
3

By using the formula,

T IO S
Other number = sum of number – given number

I
NO A D 5
= –
1

CO N
9 3
A
By taking LCM for 9 and 3 which is 9

PY
DO U A
5 1 (5×1 – 1×3)
– =
T
9 3 9
ED PR

(5 – 3)
=
9
C

2
=
©

9
2
∴ the other number is
9

−𝟏 −𝟏𝟐
4. The sum of the two numbers is . If one of the numbers is ,
𝟑 𝟑
find the other.
Solution: Let us note down the given details
−1
Sum of two numbers =
3
−12
One of the number =
3

By using the formula,

Other number = sum of number – given number
−1 −12
= –
3 3

Since the denominators are same we can subtract directly

(−1+12) 11
= =
3 3
11
∴ the other number is
3

T IO S I
−𝟒
5. The sum of the two numbers is . If one of the numbers is -5, find
NO A D 𝟑

CO N
the other.
A
Solution: Let us note down the given details

PY
DO U A
−4
Sum of two numbers =
T
3
ED PR

−5
One of the number =
1
C

By using the formula,

©

Other number = sum of number – given number

−4 −5
= –
3 1

By taking LCM for 3 and 1 which is 3

−4 −5 ((−4×1) – (−5×3))
– =
3 1 3
(−4 + 15)
=
3
11
=
3
11
∴ the other number is
3
6. The sum of the two rational numbers is -8. If one of the numbers is
−𝟏𝟓
, find the other.
𝟕

Solution: Let us note down the given details

−8
Sum of two rational numbers =
1
−15
One of the number =
7

Let us consider the other number as x

T IO S
−15
𝑥 + = −8

I
7
NO A D
CO N
(7𝑥 −15)
= −8
A
7

PY
7𝑥 − 15 = −8 × 7
DO U A
T
7𝑥 – 15 = −56
ED PR

7𝑥 = −56 + 15
−41
C

𝑥=
7
©

−41
∴ the other number is
7

−𝟕 𝟓
7. What should be added to so as to get ?
𝟖 𝟗
−7 5
Solution: Let us consider a number as x to be added to to get
8 9
−7 5
So, +𝑥 =
8 9
(−7 + 8𝑥) 5
=
8 9

(−7 + 8𝑥 ) × 9 = 5 × 8
−63 + 72𝑥 = 40
 72𝑥 = 40 + 63
103
𝑥=
72
103
∴ the required number is
72

−𝟓 𝟐𝟔
8. What number should be added to so as to get ?
𝟏𝟏 𝟑𝟑
−5 26

T IO S
Solution: Let us consider a number as x to be added to to get
11 33

I
−5 26
So,
11NO A D
+𝑥 =
33

CO N
A
26 5
𝑥= +
33 11

PY
DO U A
let us take LCM for 33 and 11 which is 33
T
ED PR

(26×1+5×3)
𝑥 =
33
(26+15)
C

=
33
©

41
=
33
41
∴ the required number is
33

−𝟓 −𝟐
9. What number should be added to to get ?
𝟕 𝟑
−5 −2
Solution: Let us consider a number as x to be added to to get
7 3
−5 −2
So, +𝑥 =
7 3
−2 5
𝑥= +
3 7
let us take LCM for 3 and 7 which is 21
(−2×7 + 5×3)
𝑥 =
21
(−14 + 15)
=
21
1
=
21
1
∴ the required number is
21

T IO S I
−𝟓 𝟓
NO A D
10. What number should be subtracted from to get ?

CO N
𝟑 𝟔
A
−5 5
Solution: Let us consider a number as x to be subtracted from to get
3 6

PY
DO U A
−5 5
So, –𝑥=
T
3 6
ED PR

−5 5
𝑥= –
3 6
C

let us take LCM for 3 and 6 which is 6

©

(−5×2 – 5×1)
𝑥=
6
(−10 – 5)
=
6
−15
=
6

Further we can divide by 3 we get,

−15 −5
=
6 2
−5
∴ the required number is
2
 𝟑 𝟓
11. What number should be subtracted from to get ?
𝟕 𝟒
3 5
Solution: Let us consider a number as x to be subtracted from to get
7 4
3 5
So, – 𝑥 =
7 4
3 5
𝑥= –
7 4

let us take LCM for 7 and 4 which is 28

T IO S
(3×4 – 5×7)
𝑥 =
28

I
= NO A D
(12 – 35)

CO N
28
A
−23
=

PY
DO U A
28
−23
T
∴ the required number is
ED PR

28
C

𝟐 𝟑 −𝟐
12. What should be added to ( + ) to get ?
©

𝟑 𝟓 𝟏𝟓
2 3 −2
Solution: Let us consider a number as x to be added to ( + ) to get
3 5 15
2 3 −2
𝑥 + ( + )=
3 5 15

By taking LCM of 3 and 5 which is 15 we get,

−2
(15𝑥 + 2 × 5 + 3 × 3)15 =
15

15𝑥 + 10 + 9 = −2
15𝑥 = −2 − 19
−21
𝑥 =
15

Further we can divide by 3 we get,

−21 −7
=
15 5
−7
∴ the required number is
5

𝟏 𝟏 𝟏
13. What should be added to ( + + ) to get 3?
𝟐 𝟑 𝟓
1 1 1
Solution: Let us consider a number as x to be added to ( + + ) to get
2 3 5

T IO S
3

I
1 1 1
𝑥+( + + )=3
NO A D
2 3 5

CO N
A
By taking LCM of 2, 3 and 5 which is 30 we get,

PY
(30𝑥 + 1 × 15 + 1 × 10 + 1 × 6 )30 = 3
DO U A
T
30𝑥 + 15 + 10 + 6 = 3 × 30
ED PR

30𝑥 + 31 = 90
C

30𝑥 = 90 − 31
©

59
𝑥=
30
59
∴ the required number is
30

𝟑 𝟐 −𝟏
14. What number should be subtracted from ( – ) to get ?
𝟒 𝟑 𝟔
3 2
Solution: Let us consider a number as x to be subtracted from ( – ) to
4 3
−1
get
6
3 2 −1
So, ( – ) – 𝑥 =
4 3 6
 3 2 1
𝑥 = – +
4 3 6

Let us take LCM for 4 and 3 which is 12

(3×3 – 2×4) 1
𝑥 = +
12 6
(9 – 8) 1
= +
12 6
1 1
= +
12 6

T IO S
Let us take LCM for 12 and 6 which is 12

I
(1×1 + 1×2)
=
NO A D
CO N
12
A
3
=

PY
12
DO U A
Further we can divide by 3 we get,
T
ED PR

3 1 1
= ∴ the required number is
12 4 4
C
©

15. Fill in the blanks:

−𝟒 −𝟑
(i) – = ….
𝟏𝟑 𝟐𝟔

Solution:
−4 −3
–
13 26

Let us take LCM for 13 and 26 which is 26

(−4×2+3×1)
26
(−8+3) −5
=
26 26
 −𝟗
(ii) + …. = -1
𝟏𝟒

Solution:
Let us consider the number to be added as x
−9
+ 𝑥 = −1
14
9
𝑥 = −1 +
14

By taking LCM as 14 we get,

T IO S
(−1×14 + 9)

I
𝑥 =
NO A D 14

CO N
(−14+9)
A
=
14

PY
DO U A
−5
=
14
T
ED PR

−𝟕
(iii) + …. = 3
C

𝟗
©

Solution:
Let us consider the number to be added as x
−7
+𝑥 =3
9
7
𝑥 = 3 +
9

By taking LCM as 9 we get,

(3×9 + 7)
𝑥 =
9
(27 + 7)
=
9
34
=
9
 𝟏𝟓
(iv) … + =𝟒
𝟐𝟑

Solution:
Let us consider the number to be added as x
15
𝑥 + =4
23
15
𝑥 =4–
23

By taking LCM as 23 we get,

T IO S I
(4×23 – 15)
𝑥 =
NO A D23

CO N
(92 – 15)
A
=
23

PY
DO U A
77
=
23
T
ED PR
C
©
 Exercise 1.4
Page No. 1.22
1. Simplify each of the following and write as a rational number of
𝒑
the form :
𝒒
𝟑 𝟓 −𝟕
(i) + +
𝟒 𝟔 𝟖

Solution:

T IO S
3 5 7
+ −

I
4 6 8

NO A D
By taking LCM for 4, 6 and 8 which is 24

CO N
A
((3×6)+(5×4) –(7×3))

PY
24
DO U A
(18 + 20 – 21)
T
ED PR

24
(38−21)
24
C

17
©

24

𝟐 −𝟓 −𝟕
(ii) + +
𝟑 𝟔 𝟗

Solution:
2 −5 −7
+ +
3 6 9

By taking LCM for 3, 6 and 9 which is 18

((2×6)+(−5×3)+(−7×2))
18
(12 – 15 – 14)
18
−17
18

−𝟏𝟏 𝟕 −𝟓
(iii) + +
𝟐 𝟔 𝟖

Solution:
−11 7 −5
+ +
2 6 8

By taking LCM for 2, 6 and 8 which is 24

T IO S I
((−11×12)+(7×4)+(−5×3))

NO A D 24

CO N
A
(−132 + 28 – 15)
24

PY
DO U A
−119
24
T
ED PR

−𝟒 −𝟕 −𝟖
(iv) + +
C

𝟓 𝟏𝟎 𝟏𝟓
©

Solution:
−4 −7 −8
+ +
5 10 15

By taking LCM for 5, 10 and 15 which is 30

((−4×6)+(−7×3)+(−8×2))
30
(−24 – 21 –16)
30
−61
30

−𝟗 𝟐𝟐 𝟏𝟑
(v) + +
𝟏𝟎 𝟏𝟓 −𝟐𝟎
Solution:
−9 22 13
+ +
10 15 −20

By taking LCM for 10, 15 and 20 which is 60

((−9×6)+(22×4)+(−13×3))
60
(−54 + 88 – 39)
60
−5 −1

T IO S
=
60 12

I
NO A D
CO N
A
𝟓 𝟑 −𝟕
(vi) + + +𝟑
𝟑 −𝟐 𝟑

PY
DO U A
Solution:
T
5 3 −7
ED PR

+ + +3
3 −2 3

By taking LCM for 3, 2, 3 and 1 which is 6

C
©

((5×2)+(−3×3)+(−7×2)+(3×6))
6
(10 – 9 – 14 + 18)
6
5
6

𝒑
2. Express each of the following as a rational number of the form :
𝒒
−𝟖 −𝟏 −𝟏𝟏 𝟑
(i) + + + –𝟑
𝟑 𝟒 𝟔 𝟖

Solution:
−8 −1 −11 3
+ + + –3
3 4 6 8
By taking LCM for 3, 4, 6, 8 and 1 which is 24
((−8×8)+(−1×6)+(−11×4)+(3×3)−(3×24))
24
(−64 – 6 – 44 + 9 – 72)
24
−177
24

Further divide by 3 we get,

−177 −59

T IO S
=
24 8

I
NO A D
CO N
A
𝟔 −𝟕 𝟏𝟗 −𝟏𝟐
(ii) + 𝟏 + + +
𝟕 𝟗 𝟐𝟏 𝟕

PY
DO U A
Solution:
T
6 −7 19 −12
ED PR

+1+ + +
7 9 21 7

By taking LCM for 7, 1, 9, 21 and 7 which is 63

C
©

((6×9)+(1×63)+(−7×7)+(19×3)+(−12×9))
63
(54 + 63 – 49 + 57 – 108)
63
17
63

𝟏𝟓 𝟗 −𝟏𝟏 −𝟕
(iii) + + +𝟔+
𝟐 𝟖 𝟑 𝟔

Solution:
15 9 −11 −7
+ + +6+
2 8 3 6

By taking LCM for 2, 8, 3, 1 and 6 which is 24

((15×12)+(9×3)+(−11×8)+(6×24)+(−7×4))
24
(180 + 27 – 88 + 144 – 28)
24
235
24

–𝟕 𝟗 𝟏𝟗 𝟏𝟏
(iv) +𝟎 +− + +
𝟒 𝟓 𝟏𝟎 𝟏𝟒

T IO S
Solution:

I
–7 9 19 11
NO A D
+0 +− + +

CO N
4 5 10 14
A
By taking LCM for 4, 5, 10 and 14 which is 140

PY
DO U A
((−7×35)+(−9×28)+(19×14)+(11×10))
T 140
ED PR

(−245 – 252 + 266 + 110)

140
C

−121
©

140

−𝟕 𝟓 −𝟏 −𝟓
(v) + + + + 𝟐
𝟒 𝟑 𝟐 𝟔

Solution:
−7 5 −1 −5
+ + + + 2
4 3 2 6

By taking LCM for 4, 3, 2, 6 and 1 which is 12

((−7×3)+(5×4)+(−1×6)+(−5×2)+(2×12))
12
(−21+20 –6 –10+24)
12
7
12

3. Simplify:
−𝟑 𝟓 𝟕
(i) + –
𝟐 𝟒 𝟒

Solution:
−3 5 7
+ –

T IO S
2 4 4

I
By taking LCM for 2 and 4 which is 4
NO A D
CO N
((−3×2)+(5×1)−(7×1))
A
4

PY
(−6 + 5 – 7)
DO U A
4
T
−8
ED PR

Further divide by 2 we get,

C

−8
©

= −2
2

𝟓 𝟕 −𝟐
(ii) – +
𝟑 𝟔 𝟑

Solution:
5 7 −2
– +
3 6 3

By taking LCM for 3 and 6 which is 6

((5×2)–(7×1)+(−2×2))
6
(10 – 7 – 4)
6
−1
6

𝟓 𝟕 −𝟐
(iii) – –
𝟒 𝟔 𝟑

Solution:
5 7 −2
– –
4 6 3

By taking LCM for 4, 6 and 3 which is 12

T IO S I
((5×3) – (7×2) – (−2×4))

NO A D 12

CO N
A
(15 – 14 + 8)
12

PY
DO U A
9
12
T
ED PR

Further can divide by 3 we get,

9 3
=
C

12 4
©

−𝟐 −𝟑 −𝟒
(iv) − −
𝟓 𝟏𝟎 𝟕

Solution:
−2 −3 −4
− −
5 10 7

By taking LCM for 5, 10 and 7 which is 70

((−2×14)−(−3×7)−(−4×10))
70
(−28+ 21+40)
70
33
70
 𝟓 −𝟐 –𝟐
(v) + −
𝟔 𝟓 𝟏𝟓

Solution:
5 −2 –2
+ −
6 5 15

By taking LCM for 6, 5 and 15 which is 30

((5×5)+(−2×6)−(−2×2))
30
25−12+4

T IO S
30

I
17
NO A D
CO N
30
A

PY
DO U A
𝟑 −𝟐 −𝟓
(vi) − +
𝟖
T 𝟗 𝟑𝟔
ED PR

Solution:
3 −2 −5
− +
C

8 9 36
©

By taking LCM for 8, 9 and 36 which is 72

((3×9)−(−2×8)+(−5×2))
72
(27 +16 – 10)
72
33
72

Further can divide by 3 we get,

33 11
=
72 24
 Exercise 1.5
Page No: 1.25
1. Multiply:
𝟕 𝟓
(i) by
𝟏𝟏 𝟒

Solution:
7 5
by
11 4

T IO S
7 5 (7×5)
( ) × ( ) = (11×4)

I
11 4
NO A D
CO N
35
=
A
44

PY
DO U A

𝟓
T −𝟑
(ii) by
ED PR

𝟕 𝟒

Solution:
C

5 −3
by
©

7 4
5 −3 (5×−3)
( )× ( )= (7×4)
7 4
−15
=
28

−𝟐 𝟓
(iii) by
𝟗 𝟏𝟏

Solution:
−2 5
by
9 11
−2 5 (−2×5)
( )×( )= (9×11)
9 11
 −10
=
99

−𝟑 −𝟓
(iv) by
𝟏𝟕 −𝟒

Solution:
−3 −5
by
17 −4
−3 −5 (−3×−5)

T IO S
( )×( )= (17×−4)
17 −4

I
15
NO A D =

CO N
−68
A
−15
=

PY
68
DO U A
T
ED PR

𝟗 𝟑𝟔
(v) by
−𝟕 −𝟏𝟏
C

Solution:
©

9 36
by
−7 −11
9 36 (9×36)
( )×( ) = (−7×−11)
−7 −11
324
=
77

(vi) -11/13 by -21/7

Solution:
-11/13 by -21/7
(-11/13) × (-21/7) = (-11×-21)/(13×7)
= 231/91 = 33/13
 −𝟑 −𝟒
(vii) by
𝟓 𝟕

Solution:
−3 −4
by
5 7
−3 −4 (−3×−4)
( )× ( )= (5×7)
5 7
12
=
35

T IO S I
−𝟏𝟓
(viii)
NO A D by 7

CO N
𝟏𝟏
A
Solution:

PY
DO U A
−15
by 7
11
T
ED PR

−15 (−15×7)
( )×7=
11 11
−105
C

=
11
©

2. Multiply:
−𝟓 𝟓𝟏
(i) by
𝟏𝟕 −𝟔𝟎

Solution:
−5 51
by
17 −60
−5 51 (−5×51)
( )×( ) = (17×−60)
17 −60
−255
=
−1020

Further can divide by 255 we get,

−255 1
=
−1020 4

−𝟔 −𝟓𝟓
(ii) by
𝟏𝟏 𝟑𝟔

Solution:
−6 −55
by
11 36
−6 −55 (−6×−55)

T IO S
( )×( )= (11×36)
11 36

I
330
NO A D =

CO N
396
A
Further can divide by 66 we get,

PY
DO U A
330 5
=
396 6
T
ED PR

−𝟖 −𝟓
(iii) by
C

𝟐𝟓 𝟏𝟔
©

Solution:
−8 −5
by
25 16
−8 −5 (−8×−5)
( )×( )= (25×16)
25 16
40
=
400

Further can divide by 40 we get,

40 1
=
400 10

𝟔 −𝟒𝟗
(iv) by
𝟕 𝟑𝟔
Solution:
6 −49
by
7 36
6 −49 (6×−49)
( )× ( )= (7×36)
7 36
294
=
252

Further can divide by 42 we get,

294 −7

T IO S
=
252 6

I
NO A D
CO N
𝟖 −𝟕
A
(v) by
−𝟗 −𝟏𝟔

PY
DO U A
Solution:
T
8 –7
ED PR

by
−9 −16
8 –7 (8×−7)
( )× ( ) = (−9×−16)
C

−9 −16
©

−56
=
144

Further can divide by 8 we get,

−56 −7
=
144 18

−𝟖 𝟑
(vi) by
𝟗 𝟔𝟒

Solution:
−8 3
by
9 64
−8 3 (−8×3)
( )×( )= (9×64)
9 64
 −24
=
576

Further can divide by 24 we get,

−24 −1
=
576 24

3. Simplify each of the following and express the result as a rational

number in standard form:

T IO S
−𝟏𝟔 𝟏𝟒
(i) ( )×( )

I
𝟐𝟏 𝟓

Solution: NO A D
CO N
A
−16 14 −16 2
( )×( )=( ) × ( ) (divisible by 7)

PY
21 5 3 5
DO U A
(−16×2)
=
T
(3×5)
ED PR

−32
=
15
C
©

𝟕 −𝟑
(ii) ( ) × ( )
𝟔 𝟐𝟖

Solution:
7 −3 1 −1
( ) × ( ) = ( ) × ( ) (divisible by 7 and 3)
6 28 2 4
−1
=
8

−𝟏𝟗
(iii) ( ) × 𝟏𝟔
𝟑𝟔

Solution:
−19 −19
× 16 = ( ) × 4 (divisible by 4)
36 9
(−19×4) −76
= =
9 9

−𝟏𝟑 𝟐𝟕
(iv) ( )× ( )
𝟗 −𝟐𝟔

Solution:

T IO S
−13 27 1 3
( )× ( ) = (− ) × ( ) (divisible by 13 and 9)
9 −26 1 −2

I
−3 3
= =NO A D
CO N
−2 2
A

PY
DO U A
−𝟗 −𝟔𝟒
(v) ( ) × ( )
𝟏𝟔
T −𝟐𝟕
ED PR

Solution:
−9 −64 −1 −4
( )×( ) = ( ) × ( ) (divisible by 9 and 16)
C

16 −27 1 −3
©

4 −4
= =
−3 3

−𝟓𝟎 𝟏𝟒
(vi) ( )× ( )
𝟕 𝟑

Solution:
−50 14 −50 2
( )× ( )= ( ) × ( ) (divisible by 7)
7 3 1 3
(−50×2)
= (1×3)
−100
=
3
 −𝟏𝟏 −𝟖𝟏
(vii) ( )× ( )
𝟗 −𝟖𝟖

Solution:
−11 −81 −1 −9
( )× ( ) = ( ) × ( ) (divisible by 11 and 9)
9 −88 1 −8
(−1×−9)
= (1×−8)
9 −9
= =
−8 8

T IO S I
(viii) ( ) × (NO A D
−𝟓 𝟕𝟐
)

CO N
𝟗 −𝟐𝟓
A
Solution:

PY
DO U A
−5 72 1 8
( )× ( ) = (− ) × ( ) (divisible by 5 and 9)
T
9 −25 1 −5
ED PR

(−1×8)
= (1×−5)
C

−8 8
= =
©

−5 5

4. Simplify:
𝟐𝟓 𝟐 𝟑 −𝟏𝟎
(i) (( ) × ( )) – (( ) × ( ))
𝟖 𝟓 𝟓 𝟗

Solution:
25 2 3 −10 (25×2) (3×−10)
(( ) × ( )) – (( ) × ( )) = (8×5)
– (5×9)
8 5 5 9
50 −30
= –
40 45
5 2
= + (divisible by 5 and 3)
4 3
By taking LCM for 4 and 3 which is 12
((5×3)+ (2×4))
=
12
(15+8)
=
12
23
=
12

T IO S
𝟏 𝟏 𝟏
(ii) (( ) × ( )) + (( ) × 𝟔)
𝟐 𝟒 𝟐

I
Solution: NO A D
CO N
A
1 1 1 (1×1)
(( ) × ( )) + (( ) × 6) = (2×4) + (1 × 3) (divisible by 2)

PY
2 4 2
DO U A
1
T
= +3
ED PR

By taking LCM for 8 and 1 which is 8

C

((1×1)+(3×8))
=
©

8
(1+24)
=
8
25
=
8

𝟐 𝟐
(iii) (−𝟓 × ( )) – (−𝟔 × ( ))
𝟏𝟓 𝟗

Solution:
2 2 2 2
(−5 × ( )) – (−6 × ( )) = (−1 × ( )) – (−2 × ( )) (divisible by 5
15 9 3 3
and 3)
 −2 4
= ( )+ ( )
3 3

Since the denominators are same we can add directly

(−2+4)
=
3
2
=
3

T IO S
−𝟗 𝟓 𝟏𝟑 𝟓
(iv) (( ) × ( )) + (( ) × ( ))
𝟒 𝟑 𝟐 𝟔

I
Solution:
NO A D
CO N
A
−9 5 13 5 (−9×5) (13×5)
(( ) × ( )) + (( ) × ( )) = +

PY
4 3 2 6 (4×3) (2×6)
DO U A
−45 65
+
=
T
12 12
ED PR

Since the denominators are same we can add directly

C

(−45+65)
=
©

12
20
= (divisible by 2)
12
10
= (divisible by 2)
6
5
=
3

−𝟒 𝟏𝟐 𝟑 𝟐𝟏
(v) (( ) × ( )) + (( ) × ( ))
𝟑 −𝟓 𝟕 𝟏𝟓

Solution:
−4 12 3 21 −4 4 1 3
(( ) × ( )) + (( ) × ( )) = (( ) × ( )) + (( ) × ( ))
3 −5 7 15 1 −5 1 5
 (divisible by 3, 7)
(−4×4) (1×3)
= (1×−5) + (1×5)
−16 3
= +
−5 5

Since the denominators are same we can add directly

(16+3)
=
5
19

T IO S
=
5

I
NO A D
CO N
A
𝟏𝟑 𝟖 −𝟓 𝟏𝟏
(vi) (( ) × ( )) − (( ) × ( ))
𝟓 𝟑 𝟐 𝟑

PY
DO U A
Solution:
T
ED PR

13 8 −5 11 (13×8) (−5×11)
(( ) × ( )) − (( ) × ( )) = (5×3)
− (2×3)
5 3 2 3
C

104 55
= +
©

15 6

By taking LCM for 15 and 6 which is 30

((104×2)+(55×5))
=
30
(208+275)
=
30
483
=
30

𝟏𝟑 𝟏𝟏 −𝟒 𝟓
(vii) (( ) × ( )) − (( ) × ( ))
𝟕 𝟐𝟔 𝟑 𝟔

Solution:
 13 11 −4 5 1 11 −2 5
(( ) × ( )) − (( ) × ( )) = (( ) × ( )) − (( ) × ( ))
7 26 3 6 7 2 3 3

(divisible by 13, 2)
(1×11) (−2×5)
= (7×2)
– (3×3)
11 10
= +
14 9

By taking LCM for 14 and 9 which is 126

T IO S
((11×9)+ (10×14))
=

I
126

NO A D
(99+140)

CO N
=
126
A
239
=

PY
DO U A
126
T
ED PR

𝟖 −𝟑 −𝟑 𝟏𝟏
(viii) (( ) × ( )) + (( ) × ( ))
𝟓 𝟐 𝟏𝟎 𝟏𝟔
C

Solution:
©

8 −3 −3 11 4 −3 −3 11
(( ) × ( )) + (( ) × ( )) = (( ) × ( )) + (( ) × ( ))
5 2 10 16 5 1 10 16

(divisible by 2)
(4×−3) (−3×11)
= (5×1)
+ (10×16)
−12 33
= –
5 160

By taking LCM for 5 and 160 which is 160

((−12×32) – (33×1))
=
160
(−384 – 33)
=
160
 −417
=
160

5. Simplify:
𝟑 𝟏 𝟓 𝟕 𝟏𝟑 𝟒
(i) (( ) × ( )) + (( ) × ( ) – ( ) × ( ))
𝟐 𝟔 𝟑 𝟐 𝟖 𝟑

Solution:
3 1 5 7 13 4

T IO S
(( ) × ( )) + (( ) × ( ) – ( ) × ( )) =
2 6 3 2 8 3

I
1
NO A D 1 5
(( ) × ( )) + (( ) × ( ) – ( ) × ( ))
7 13 1

CO N
2 2 3 2 2 3
A
(1×1) (5×7) (13×1)
+ (3×2) −

PY
DO U A
(2×2) (2×3)
1
T35 13
+ −
ED PR

4 6 6

By taking LCM for 4 and 6 which is 24

C

((1×6)+ (35×4)−(13×4))
©

24
(6 + 140 – 52)
24
94
24
94 47
Further divide by 2 we get, =
24 12

𝟏 𝟐 𝟓 −𝟐 𝟑 𝟗
(ii) (( ) × ( )) – (( ) × ( ) + ( ) × ( ))
𝟒 𝟕 𝟏𝟒 𝟑 𝟕 𝟐

Solution:
1 2 5 −2 3 9 1 1
(( ) × ( )) – (( ) × ( ) + ( ) × ( )) = (( ) × ( )) −
4 7 14 3 7 2 2 7
 5 −1 3 9
(( ) × ( ) + ( ) × ( ))
7 3 7 2

(1×1) (5×−1) (3×9)

(2×7)
− (7×3)
+ (7×2)
1 5 27
+ +
14 21 14

By taking LCM for 14 and 21 which is 42

((1×3)+(5×2)+(27×3))
42

T IO S
(3 + 10 + 81)

I
42
NO A D
CO N
94
A
42

PY
94 47
DO U A
Further divide by 2 we get, =
42 21
T
ED PR

𝟏𝟑 𝟏𝟓 𝟕 𝟖 𝟑 𝟏
(iii) (( ) × (− )) + (( ) × ( ) + ( ) × ( ))
𝟗 𝟐 𝟑 𝟓 𝟓 𝟐
C
©

Solution:
13 15 7 8 3 1
(( ) × (− )) + (( ) × ( ) + ( ) × ( )) =
9 2 3 5 5 2

(13×−5) (7×8) (3×1)

(3×2)
+ (3×5) + (5×2)
−65 56 3
+ +
6 15 10

By taking LCM for 6, 15 and 10 which is 30

((−65×5)+ (56×2)+ (3×3))
30
(−325 + 112 + 9)
30
−204
30
−204 −102
Further divide by 2 we get, =
30 15

𝟑 𝟓 𝟗 𝟒 𝟓 𝟔
(iv) (( ) × ( )) − (( ) × ( ) + ( ) × ( ))
𝟏𝟏 𝟔 𝟏𝟐 𝟑 𝟏𝟑 𝟏𝟓

Solution:

T IO S
3 5 9 4 5 6
(( ) × ( )) − (( ) × ( ) + ( ) × ( )) =
11 6 12 3 13 15

I
1
NO A D 5 1 1 1 2

CO N
(( ) × ( )) − (( ) × ( ) + ( ) × ( ))
A
11 2 1 1 13 1

PY
(1×5) 1 (1×2)
− + (13×1)
DO U A
(11×2) 1
T
5 1 2
ED PR

− +
22 1 13

By taking LCM for 22, 1 and 13 which is 286

C
©

((5×13)– (1×286)+ (2×22))

286
(65 – 286 + 44)
286
−177
286
 Exercise 1.6
Page No: 1.31
1. Verify the property: x × y = y × x by taking:
−𝟏 𝟐
(i) 𝒙 = ,𝒚 =
𝟑 𝟕

Solution:
By using the property

T IO S
x×y=y×x

I
−1 2 2 −1
3 NO A D
× = ×
7 7 3

CO N
A
(−1×2) (2×−1)
(3×7)
= (7×3)

PY
DO U A
−2 −2
=
T
21 21
ED PR

Hence, the property is satisfied.

C
©

−𝟑 −𝟏𝟏
(ii) 𝒙 = ,𝒚 =
𝟓 𝟏𝟑

Solution:
By using the property
x×y=y×x
−3 −11 −11 −3
× = ×
5 13 13 5
(−3×−11) (−11×−3)
(5×13)
= (13×5)
33 33
=
65 65

Hence, the property is satisfied.

 𝟕
(iii) x = 2, y =
−𝟖

Solution:
By using the property
x×y=y×x
7 7
2× = ×2
−8 −8
(2×7) (7×2)
=

T IO S
−8 −8

I
14 14
=
NO A D
−8 −8

CO N
14 14
A
− =−
8 8

PY
DO U A
Hence, the property is satisfied.
T
ED PR

−𝟏𝟓
(iv) x = 0, y =
𝟖
C

Solution:
©

By using the property

x×y=y×x
−15 −15
0× = ×0
8 8

0=0
Hence, the property is satisfied.

2. Verify the property: x × (y × z) = (x × y) × z by taking:

−𝟕 𝟏𝟐 𝟒
(i) x = ,y= ,z=
𝟑 𝟓 𝟗
Solution:
By using the property
x × (y × z) = (x × y) × z
−7 12 4 −7 12 4
×( × )=( × )×
3 5 9 3 5 9
(−7×12×4) (−7×12×4)
(3×5×9)
= (3×5×9)
−336 −336
=

T IO S
135 135

I
Hence, the property is satisfied.
NO A D
CO N
A
−𝟑 −𝟗

PY
(ii) x = 0, y = ,z=
DO U A
𝟓 𝟒
T
Solution:
ED PR

By using the property

C

x × (y × z) = (x × y) × z
©

−3 −9 −3 −9
0×( × ) = (0 × )×
5 4 5 4

0=0
Hence, the property is satisfied.

𝟏 𝟓 −𝟕
(iii) x = , y = ,z=
𝟐 −𝟒 𝟓

Solution:
By using the property
x × (y × z) = (x × y) × z
1 5 −7 1 5 −7
×( × )=( × )×
2 −4 5 2 −4 5
 (1×5×−7) (1×5×−7)
(2×−4×5)
= (2×−4×5)
−35 −35
=
−40 −40
35 35
=
40 40

Hence, the property is satisfied.

𝟓 −𝟏𝟐 −𝟕

T IO S
(iv) x = , y = ,z=
𝟕 𝟏𝟑 𝟏𝟖

I
NO A D
Solution:

CO N
A
By using the property

PY
x × (y × z) = (x × y) × z
DO U A

5 −12
T −7 5 −12 −7
×( × )=( × )×
ED PR

7 13 18 7 13 18
(5×−12×−7) (5×−12×−7)
(7×13×18)
= (7×13×18)
C
©

420 420
=
1638 1638

Hence, the property is satisfied.

3. Verify the property: x × (y + z) = x × y + x × z by taking:

−𝟑 𝟏𝟐 −𝟓
(i) x = ,y= ,z=
𝟕 𝟏𝟑 𝟔

Solution:
By using the property
x × (y + z) = x × y + x × z
−3 12 −5 −3 12 −3 −5
× ( + )= × + ×
7 13 6 7 13 7 6
−3 ((12×6)+(−5×13)) (−3×12) (−3×−5)
× = (7×13)
+ (7×6)
7 78
−3 (72−65) −36 15
× = +
7 78 91 42
−3 7 (−36×6 + 15×13)
× =
7 78 546
−1 (196−216)
=
26 546
−21
=

T IO S
546
−1

I
=
NO A D 26

CO N
Hence, the property is verified.
A

PY
DO U A

−𝟏𝟐 −𝟏𝟓 𝟖
T
(ii) x = ,y= ,z=
ED PR

𝟓 𝟒 𝟑

Solution:
C

By using the property

©

x × (y + z) = x × y + x × z
−12 −15 8 −12 −15 −12 8
×( + )= × + ×
5 4 3 5 4 5 3
−12 ((−15×3)+(8×4)) (−12×−15) (−12×8)
× = (5×4)
+ (5×3)
5 12
−12 (−45+32) 180 96
× = −
5 12 20 15
−12 −13 32
× =9–
5 12 5
13 (9×5 – 32×1)
=
5 5
(45−32)
=
5
 13
=
5

Hence, the property is verified.

−𝟖 𝟓 −𝟏𝟑
(iii) x = ,y= ,z=
𝟑 𝟔 𝟏𝟐

Solution:
By using the property

T IO S
x × (y + z) = x × y + x × z

I
−8
NO A D
×( +
5 −13
)=
−8
× +
5 −8
×
−13

CO N
3 6 12 3 6 3 12
A
−8 ((5×2)–(13×1)) (−8×5) (−8×−13)

PY
× = +
DO U A
3 12 (3×6) (3×12)
T
−8 (10−13) −40 104
× = +
ED PR

3 12 18 36
−8 −3 (−40×2 + 104×1)
× =
C

3 12 36
©

2 (−80+104)
=
3 36
24
=
36
2
=
3

Hence, the property is verified.

−𝟑 −𝟓 𝟕
(iv) x = ,y= ,z=
𝟒 𝟐 𝟔

Solution:
By using the property
x × (y + z) = x × y + x × z
 −3 −5 7 −3 −5 −3 7
× ( + )= × + ×
4 2 6 4 2 4 6
−3 ((−5×3)+(7×1)) (−3×−5) (−3×7)
× = (4×2)
+ (4×6)
4 6
−3 (−15+7) 15 21
× = –
4 6 8 24
−3 −8 (15×3 – 21×1)
× =
4 6 24
−3 −4 (45−21)
× =

T IO S
4 3 24
24

I
1=
NO A D 24

CO N
= 1
A

PY
Hence, the property is verified.
DO U A
T
ED PR

4. Use the distribution of multiplication of rational numbers over

their addition to simplify:
C
©

𝟑 𝟑𝟓 𝟏𝟎
(i) × (( ) + ( ))
𝟓 𝟐𝟒 𝟏

Solution:
3 35 3
× + × 10
5 24 5
1 7 6
× +
1 8 1

By taking LCM for 8 and 1 which is 8

7 (7×1 + 6×8)
+6=
8 8
(7+48)
=
8
55
=
8
 −𝟓 𝟖 𝟏𝟔
(ii) × (( ) + ( ))
𝟒 𝟓 𝟓

Solution:
−5 8 −5 16
× + ×
4 5 4 5
−1 2 −1 4
× + ×
1 1 1 1

−2 + (−4)

T IO S
−2 – 4

I
−6
NO A D
CO N
A

PY
𝟐 𝟕 𝟐𝟏
(iii) × (( ) − ( ))
DO U A
𝟕 𝟏𝟔 𝟒
T
ED PR

Solution:
2 7 2 21
× – ×
7 16 7 4
C

1 1 1 3
©

× – ×
1 8 1 2
1 3
–
8 2

By taking LCM for 8 and 2 which is 8

1 3 (1×1 – 3×4)
– =
8 2 8
(1 – 12)
=
8
−11
=
8

𝟑 𝟖
(iv) × (( ) – 𝟒𝟎)
𝟒 𝟗
Solution:
3 8 3
× – × 40
4 9 4
1 2 3
× – × 10
1 3 1
2 30
–
3 1

By taking LCM for 3 and 1 which is 3

2 30 (2×1 – 30×3)

T IO S
– =
3 1 3

I
(2 – 90)
NO A D
=

CO N
3
A
−88
=
3

PY
DO U A
T
ED PR

5. Find the multiplicative inverse (reciprocal) of each of the following

rational numbers:
C

(i) 9
©

(ii) -7
𝟏𝟐
(iii)
𝟓
−𝟕
(iv)
𝟗
−𝟑
(v)
−𝟓
𝟐 𝟗
(vi) ×
𝟑 𝟒
−𝟓 𝟏𝟔
(vii) ×
𝟖 𝟏𝟓
−𝟑
(viii) -2 ×
𝟓
(ix) -1
𝟎
(x)
𝟑

(xi) 1
Solution:
1
(i) The reciprocal of 9 is
9
−1
(ii) The reciprocal of -7 is

T IO S
7
12 5

I
(iii) The reciprocal of is
NO A D 5 12

CO N
−7 9
A
(iv) The reciprocal of is
9 −7

PY
−3 5
DO U A
(v) The reciprocal of is
−5 3
T
ED PR

2 9
(vi) The reciprocal of × is
3 4
2 9 1 3 3
Firstly solve for × = × =
C

3 4 1 2 2
©

∴ The reciprocal of 3/2 is 2/3

−5 16
(vii) The reciprocal of ×
8 15
−5 16 −1 2 −2
Firstly, solve for × = × =
8 15 1 3 3
−2 3
∴ The reciprocal of is
3 −2

−3
(viii) The reciprocal of −2 ×
5
−3 6
Firstly, solve for −2 × =
5 5
∴ The reciprocal of 6/5 is 5/6

(ix) The reciprocal of -1 is -1

0
(x) The reciprocal of does not exist
3

(xi) The reciprocal of 1 is 1

T IO S
6. Name the property of multiplication of rational numbers

I
illustrated by the following statements:
NO A D
CO N
−𝟓 𝟖 𝟖 −𝟓
(i) × = ×
A
𝟏𝟔 𝟏𝟓 𝟏𝟓 𝟏𝟔

PY
−𝟏𝟕 −𝟏𝟕
×𝟗=𝟗×
DO U A
(ii)
𝟓 𝟓
T
𝟕 −𝟖 −𝟏𝟑 𝟕 −𝟖 𝟕 −𝟏𝟑
ED PR

(iii) × ( + )= × + ×
𝟒 𝟑 𝟏𝟐 𝟒 𝟑 𝟒 𝟏𝟐
−𝟓 𝟒 −𝟗 −𝟓 𝟒 −𝟗
(iv) × ( × )= ( × )×
C

𝟗 𝟏𝟓 𝟖 𝟗 𝟏𝟓 𝟖
©

𝟏𝟑 𝟏𝟑 𝟏𝟑
(v) × 𝟏= =𝟏×
−𝟏𝟕 −𝟏𝟕 −𝟏𝟕
−𝟏𝟏 𝟏𝟔
(vi) × =𝟏
𝟏𝟔 −𝟏𝟏
𝟐 𝟐
(vii) ×𝟎=𝟎=𝟎×
𝟏𝟑 𝟏𝟑
−𝟑 𝟓 −𝟑 −𝟕 −𝟑 𝟓 −𝟕
(viii) × + × = ×( + )
𝟐 𝟒 𝟐 𝟔 𝟐 𝟒 𝟔

Solution:
−5 8 8 −5
(i) × = ×
16 15 15 16
𝑎 𝑐 𝑐 𝑎
According to commutative law, × = ×
𝑏 𝑑 𝑑 𝑏

The above rational number satisfies commutative property.

 −17 −17
(ii) ×9=9×
5 5
𝑎 𝑐 𝑐 𝑎
According to commutative law, × = ×
𝑏 𝑑 𝑑 𝑏

The above rational number satisfies commutative property.

7 −8 −13 7 −8 7 −13
(iii) × ( + )= × + ×
4 3 12 4 3 4 12
𝑎 𝑐 𝑒 𝑎 𝑐 𝑎 𝑒

T IO S
According to given rational number, × ( + ) = ( × ) + ( × )
𝑏 𝑑 𝑓 𝑏 𝑑 𝑏 𝑓

I
NO A D
Distributivism of multiplication over addition satisfies.

CO N
A

PY
−5 4 −9 −5 4 −9
DO U A
(iv) × ( × )= ( × )×
9 15 8 9 15 8
T
𝑎 𝑐 𝑒 𝑎 𝑐 𝑒
ED PR

According to associative law, × ( × ) = ( × ) ×

𝑏 𝑑 𝑓 𝑏 𝑑 𝑓

The above rational number satisfies associativity of multiplication.

C
©

13 13 13
(v) × 1= =1×
−17 −17 −17

Existence of identity for multiplication satisfies for the given rational

number.

−11 16
(vi) × =1
16 −11

Existence of multiplication inverse satisfies for the given rational number.

2 2
(vii) ×0=0=0×
13 13
 𝑎 𝑎
By using × 0 = 0 ×
𝑏 𝑏

Multiplication of zero satisfies for the given rational number.

−3 5 −3 −7 −3 5 −7
(viii) × + × = ×( + )
2 4 2 6 2 4 6
𝑎 𝑐 𝑎 𝑒 𝑎 𝑐 𝑒
According to distributive law, ( × ) + ( × ) = × ( + )
𝑏 𝑑 𝑏 𝑓 𝑏 𝑑 𝑓

T IO S
The above rational number satisfies commutative property.

I
NO A D
CO N
7. Fill in the blanks:
A
(i) The product of two positive rational numbers is always…

PY
DO U A

(ii) The product of a positive rational number and a negative rational

T
number is always….
ED PR

(iii) The product of two negative rational numbers is always…

C

(iv) The reciprocal of a positive rational numbers is…

©

(v) The reciprocal of a negative rational numbers is…

(vi) Zero has …. Reciprocal.
(vii) The product of a rational number and its reciprocal is…
(viii) The numbers … and … are their own reciprocals.
(ix) If a is reciprocal of b, then the reciprocal of b is.
(x) The number 0 is … the reciprocal of any number.
(xi) reciprocal of 1/a, a ≠ 0 is …
(xii) (17×12)-1 = 17-1 × …
Solution:
(i) The product of two positive rational numbers is always positive.
(ii) The product of a positive rational number and a negative rational
number is always negative.
(iii) The product of two negative rational numbers is always positive.
(iv) The reciprocal of a positive rational numbers is positive.
(v) The reciprocal of a negative rational numbers is negative.
(vi) Zero has no Reciprocal.

T IO S
(vii) The product of a rational number and its reciprocal is 1.

I
NO A D
(viii) The numbers 1 and -1 are their own reciprocals.

CO N
A
(ix) If a is reciprocal of b, then the reciprocal of b is a.

PY
DO U A
(x) The number 0 is not the reciprocal of any number.
T
(xi) reciprocal of 1/a, a ≠ 0 is a.
ED PR

(xii) (17×12)-1 = 17-1 × 12-1

C
©

8. Fill in the blanks:

𝟕
(i) -4 × = 79 × …
𝟗

Solution:
7
-4 × = 79 × -4
9

By using commutative property.

𝟓 −𝟑 −𝟑
(ii) × = ×…
𝟏𝟏 𝟖 𝟖

Solution:
5 −3 −3 5
× = ×
11 8 8 11

By using commutative property.

𝟏 𝟑 −𝟓 𝟏 −𝟓
(iii) × ( + ) = × …+ ⋯×
𝟐 𝟒 𝟏𝟐 𝟐 𝟏𝟐

Solution:
1 3 −5 1 3 1 −5
×( + )= × + ×

T IO S
2 4 12 2 4 2 12

I
By using distributive property.
NO A D
CO N
A
−𝟒 𝟓 −𝟖 −𝟒 −𝟒 −𝟖
× ( + )=( × …)+ ×

PY
(iv)
DO U A
𝟓 𝟕 𝟗 𝟓 𝟓 𝟗
T
Solution:
ED PR

−4 5 −8 −4 5 −4 −8
× ( + )=( × )+ ×
5 7 9 5 7 5 9
C

By using distributive property.

©
 Exercise 1.7
Page No: 1.35
1. Divide:
𝟏
(i) 1 by
𝟐

Solution:
1 2
1 =1× =2
1

T IO S
2

I
NO A D
−𝟓

CO N
(ii) 5 by
A
𝟕

PY
Solution:
DO U A

5 7
T
−5 =5× = −7
ED PR

−5
7
C

−𝟑 𝟗
(iii) by
©

𝟒 −𝟏𝟔

Solution:
−3
(4)
9
(−16)

−3 −16 4
( )× =
4 9 3

−𝟕 −𝟐𝟏
(iv) by
𝟖 𝟏𝟔

Solution:
 −7
(8)
−21
( 16 )

−7 16 2
( )× =
8 −21 3

𝟕 𝟔𝟑
(v) by
−𝟒 𝟔𝟒

Solution:

T IO S
7
(−4)

I
63
(64)
NO A D
CO N
A
7 64 −16
( )× =
−4 63 9

PY
DO U A
T
ED PR

−𝟕
(vi) 0 by
𝟓

Solution:
C
©

0
7 =0
(5)

−𝟑
(vii) by −𝟔
𝟒

Solution:
−3
(4)
−6
−3 1 1
( )× =
4 −6 8

𝟐 −𝟕
(viii) by
𝟑 𝟏𝟐
Solution:
2
(3)
−7
( 12 )

2 12 −8
( )× =
3 −7 7

−𝟑
(ix) −𝟒 by
𝟓

T IO S
Solution:

I
−4
NO A D
CO N
−3
(5)
A
5 20

PY
−4 × =
DO U A
−3 3
T
ED PR

−𝟑 −𝟒
(x) by
𝟏𝟑 𝟔𝟓
C

Solution:
©

−3
( 13 )
−4
( 65 )

−3 65 15
( )×( )=
13 −4 4

2. Find the value and express as a rational number in standard form:

𝟐 𝟐𝟔
(i) ÷
𝟓 𝟏𝟓

Solution:
2
(5)
26
(15)
 2 15
( )×( )
5 26
2 3 (2×3) 6 3
( ) × ( ) = (1×26) = =
1 26 26 13

𝟏𝟎 −𝟑𝟓
(ii) ÷
𝟑 𝟏𝟐

Solution:

T IO S
10
(3)
−35

I
( 12 )

NO A D
CO N
10 12
( )×( )
A
3 −35

PY
10 4 (10×4) −40 −8
DO U A
( )×( ) = (1×−35) = =
1 −35 35 7
T
ED PR

−𝟖
(iii) −𝟔 ÷
C

𝟏𝟕
©

Solution:
−6
−8
( 17 )

17
−6 × ( )
−8
17 (−3×17) 51
−3 × ( ) = (1×−4)
=
−4 4

−𝟒𝟎
(iv) ÷ −𝟐𝟎
𝟗𝟗

Solution:
−40
( 99 )
−20
 −40 1
( )× ( )
99 −20
−2 1 (−2×1) 2
( ) × ( ) = (99×−1) =
99 −1 99

−𝟐𝟐 −𝟏𝟏𝟎
(v) ÷
𝟐𝟕 𝟏𝟖

Solution:

T IO S
−22
( 27 )
−110

I
( 18 )

NO A D
CO N
−22 18
( )×( )
A
27 −110

PY
−1 6
DO U A
( ) × ( )
9 −5
T
(−1×2)
ED PR

−1 2 2
( ) × ( ) = (3×−5) =
3 −5 15
C
©

−𝟑𝟔 −𝟑
(vi) ÷
𝟏𝟐𝟓 𝟕𝟓

Solution:
−36
( 125 )
−3
( 75 )

−36 75
( )×( )
125 −3
−12 15
( )×( )
25 −1
−12 3 (−12×3) 36
( )× ( )= (5×−1)
=
5 −1 5

3. The product of two rational numbers is 15. If one of the numbers

is -10, find the other.
Solution:
We know that the product of two rational numbers = 15
One of the number = -10
∴ other number can be obtained by dividing the product by the given
number.
15
Other number =
−10
−3

T IO S
=
2

I
NO A D
CO N
−𝟖
A
4. The product of two rational numbers is . If one of the numbers is
𝟗

PY
−𝟒
DO U A
, find the other.
𝟏𝟓
T
ED PR

Solution:
−8
We know that the product of two rational numbers =
9
C

−4
©

One of the number =

15

∴ other number is obtained by dividing the product by the given number.

−8
9
Other number = −4
15

−8 15
= ( )×( )
9 −4
−2 5
= ( )×( )
3 −1
(−2×5)
= (3×−1)
−10
=
−3
= 10/3

−𝟏
5. By what number should we multiply so that the product may be
𝟔
−𝟐𝟑
?
𝟗

Solution:
Let us consider a number = 𝑥

T IO S
−1 −23
So, 𝑥 × =

I
6 9

NO A D
−23
( 9 )

CO N
𝑥=
A
−1
(6)

PY
DO U A
−23 6
𝑥=( )× ( )
9 −1
T
ED PR

−23
=( ) × (2 × −1)
3
(−23×−2)
C

= (3×1)
©

46
=
3

−𝟏𝟓
6. By what number should we multiply so that the product may
𝟐𝟖
−𝟓
be ?
𝟕

Solution:
Let us consider a number = x
−15 −5
So, 𝑥 × =
28 7
 −5
(7)
𝑥= −15
( 28 )

−5 28
𝑥 = ( )×( )
7 −15
−1
= ( ) × (4 × −3)
1
4
=
3

T IO S
−𝟖

I
7. By what number should we multiply so that the product may be
NO A D 𝟏𝟑

CO N
𝟐𝟒?
A
Solution:

PY
DO U A
Let us consider a number = x
T
ED PR

−8
So, 𝑥 × = 24
13
(24)
C

𝑥= −8
( 13 )
©

13
𝑥 = (24) × ( )
−8

= (3) × (13 × −1)

= −39

−𝟑 𝟐
8. By what number should be multiplied in order to produce ?
𝟒 𝟑

Solution:
Let us consider a number = x
−3 2
So, 𝑥 × =
4 3
 2
(3)
𝑥= −3
(4)

2 4
𝑥 = ( )×( )
3 −3
−8
=
9

9. Find (𝒙 + 𝒚) ÷ (𝒙 − 𝒚), if

T IO S
𝟐 𝟑
(i) 𝒙 = , 𝒚 =

I
𝟑 𝟐

NO A D
CO N
Solution:
A
(𝑥 + 𝑦) ÷ (𝑥 − 𝑦)

PY
DO U A
2 3
(3+2)
T
2 3
ED PR

(3–2)

2×2 + 3×3
( 6
)
C

2×2 – 3×3
( 6
)
©

4+9
( 6 )
4−9
( 6 )

13
(6)
5
(−6)

13 6
( )×( )
6 −5
−13
5

𝟐 𝟏
(ii) 𝒙 = , 𝒚 =
𝟓 𝟐

Solution:
(𝑥 + 𝑦) ÷ (𝑥 − 𝑦)
2 1
(5+2)
2 1
(5–2)

2×2 + 1×5
( 10
)
2×2 – 1×5
( 10 )

4+5
( 10 )
4−5
( 10 )

T IO S
9
(10)

I
(−10)
1
NO A D
CO N
A
9 10
( )×( )
10 −1

PY
DO U A
−9
T
ED PR

𝟓 −𝟏
(iii) 𝒙 = , 𝒚 =
C

𝟒 𝟑
©

Solution:
(𝑥 + 𝑦) ÷ (𝑥 − 𝑦)
5 1 5 1
( – )/( + )
4 3 4 3
(5×3 – 1×4)
( 12
)
(5×3 + 1×4)
( 12
)

(15−4)
( 12 )
(15+4)
( 12 )

11
(12)
19
(12)
 11 12
( )×( )
12 19
11
19

𝟐 𝟒
(iv) 𝒙 = , 𝒚 =
𝟕 𝟑

Solution:
(𝑥 + 𝑦) ÷ (𝑥 − 𝑦)

T IO S I
2 4
(7+3)
2 4
NO A D
CO N
(7–3)
A
(2×3 + 4×7)
( )

PY
21
DO U A
(2×3 – 4×7)
( 21
)
T
ED PR

(6+28)
( 21 )
(6−28)
( 21 )
C

34
(21)
©

22
(−21)

34 21
( )×( )
21 −22
−34
22
−17
11

𝟏 𝟑
(v) 𝒙 = , 𝒚 =
𝟒 𝟐

Solution:
(𝑥 + 𝑦) ÷ (𝑥 − 𝑦)
1 3
(4+2)
1 3
(4–2)

(1×1 + 3×2)
( 4
)
(1×1 – 3×2)
( 4
)

(1+6)
( 4 )
(1−6)
( 4 )

7
(4)

T IO S
5
(−4)

I
7
NO A D 4 −7

CO N
( )×( )=
4 −5 5
A

PY
DO U A
𝟐 𝟑
10. The cost of 𝟕 meters of rope is Rs 12 . Find the cost per meter.
T
𝟑 𝟒
ED PR

Solution:
23 51
C

We know that meters of rope = Rs

3 4
©

Let us consider a number = x

23 51
So, 𝑥 × =
3 4
51
(4)
𝑥= 23
(3)

51 3
𝑥 = ( )×( )
4 23
(51×3)
= (4×23)
153
=
92
61
= 1
92
 61
∴ cost per meter is Rs 1
92

𝟏 𝟏
11. The cost of 𝟐 meters of cloth is Rs 𝟕𝟓 . Find the cost of cloth per
𝟑 𝟒
meter.
Solution:
7 301
We know that meters of cloth = Rs
3 4

T IO S
Let us consider a number = x

I
NO A D
So, 𝑥 × =
7 301

CO N
3 4
A
301
( 4 )

PY
𝑥=
DO U A
7
(3)
T
ED PR

301 3
𝑥=( )×( )
4 7
(301×3)
C

= (4×7)
©

(43×3)
= (4×1)
129
=
4

= 32.25
∴ cost of cloth per meter is Rs 32.25

−𝟑𝟑 −𝟏𝟏
12. By what number should be divided to get ?
𝟏𝟔 𝟒

Solution:
Let us consider a number = x
 33
(−16) −11
So, =
𝑥 4
−33 −11
=𝑥×
16 4
−33
( 16 )
𝑥= −11
( 4 )

−33 4
=( ) × ( )
16 −11

T IO S
(−33×4)
= (16×−11)

I
NO A D
(−3×1)
= (4×−1)

CO N
A
3
=

PY
DO U A
4
T
ED PR

−𝟏𝟑 𝟏𝟐 −𝟑𝟏 −𝟏
13. Divide the sum of and by the product of and .
𝟓 𝟕 𝟕 𝟐
C

Solution:
©

−13 12
sum of and
5 7
−13 12
+
5 7
((−13×7)+(12×5))
35
(−91+60)
35
−31
35
−31 −1
Product of and
7 2
−31 −1
×
7 2
(−31×−1)
(7×2)
31
14

∴ by dividing the sum and the product we get,

−31
( 35 )
31
(14)

−31 14
( ) × ( )

T IO S
35 31

I
(−31×14)
(35×31)
NO A D
CO N
A
−14
35

PY
DO U A
−2
5
T
ED PR

𝟔𝟓 𝟏𝟐
14. Divide the sum of and by their difference.
C

𝟏𝟐 𝟕
©

Solution:
65 12
The sum is +
12 7
65 12
The difference is −
12 7
65 12
(12+ 7 )
When we divide, 65 12
(12− 7 )

(65×7 + 12×12)
( 84
)
(65×7 – 12×12)
( 84
)

(455+144)
( 84
)
(455 – 144)
( 84
)
 599
( 84 )
311
( 84 )

599 84
×
84 311
599
311

15. If 24 trousers of equal size can be prepared in 54 meters of cloth,

T IO S
what length of cloth is required for each trouser?

I
Solution:
NO A D
CO N
We know that total number trousers = 24
A

PY
Total length of the cloth = 54
DO U A

total length of the cloth

T
Length of the cloth required for each trouser =
ED PR

number of trousers
54
=
24
C

9
©

=
2
9
∴ meters is required for each trouser.
2
 Exercise 1.8
Page No: 1.43

1. Find a rational number between -3 and 1.

Solution:
Let us consider two rational numbers x and y
We know that between two rational numbers x and y where x < y there is

T IO S
(𝑥+𝑦)

I
a rational number
2
NO A D
CO N
(𝑥+𝑦)
𝑥< <𝑦
A
2

PY
(−3+1) −2
DO U A
= = −1
2 2
T
ED PR

So, the rational number between -3 and 1 is -1

∴ -3 < -1 < 1
C
©

2. Find any five rational numbers less than 2.

Solution:
1 2 3 4
Five rational numbers less than 2 are 0, , , ,
5 5 5 5

−𝟐 𝟓
3. Find two rational numbers between and
𝟗 𝟗

Solution:
−2 5
The rational numbers between and is
9 9
−2 5
( 9 +9)
2
 1
(3)
2
1
6
−2 1
The rational numbers between and is
9 6
−2 1
( 9 +6)
2
(−2×2 + 1×3)
( )

T IO S
18
2

I
(−4+3)
NO A D
CO N
36
A
−1

PY
36
DO U A
−2 5 −1 1
T
∴ the rational numbers between and are ,
ED PR

9 9 36 6
C

𝟏 𝟏
4. Find two rational numbers between and
©

𝟓 𝟐

Solution:
1 1
The rational numbers between and is
5 2
1 1
(5+2)
2
(1×2 + 1×5)
( 10
)
2
(2+5) 7
=
20 20
1 7
The rational numbers between and is
5 20
1 7
(5+20)
2
(1×4 + 7×1)
( 20
)
2
(4+7)
40
11
40
1 1 7 11

T IO S
∴ the rational numbers between and are ,
5 2 20 40

I
NO A D
CO N
𝟏 𝟏
A
5. Find ten rational numbers between and .
𝟒 𝟐

PY
DO U A
Solution:
T
Firstly, convert the given rational numbers into equivalent rational
ED PR

numbers with same denominators.

The LCM for 4 and 2 is 4.
C
©

1 1
=
4 4
1 1×2 2
= =
2 4 4
1 1×20 20
= ( )=
4 4×20 80
1 2×20 40
=( )=
2 4×20 80

So, we now know that 21, 22, 23…39 are integers between numerators 20
and 40.
1 1 21 22 23 39
∴ the rational numbers between and are , , ,….,
4 2 80 80 80 80
 −𝟐 𝟏
6. Find ten rational numbers between and .
𝟓 𝟐

Solution:
Firstly, convert the given rational numbers into equivalent rational
numbers with same denominators.
The LCM for 5 and 2 is 10.
−2 (−2×2) −4
= =
5 10 10

T IO S
1 (1×5) 5
= =

I
2 10 10
−2
NO A D
−4×2 −8

CO N
=( )=
A
5 10×2 20
1 5×2 10

PY
=( )=
DO U A
2 10×2 20
T
So, we now know that -7, -6, -5…10 are integers between numerators -8
ED PR

and 10.
−2 1 −7 −6 −5 9
∴ the rational numbers between , , ,….,
C

and are
5 2 20 20 20 20
©

𝟑 𝟑
7. Find ten rational numbers between and .
𝟓 𝟒

Solution:
Firstly, convert the given rational numbers into equivalent rational
numbers with same denominators.
The LCM for 5 and 4 is 20.
3 3×20 60
= =
5 5×20 100
3 3×25 75
= =
4 4×25 100
So, we now know that 61, 62, 63...74 are integers between numerators 60
and 75.
3 3 61 62 63 74
∴ the rational numbers between and are , , , …., .
5 4 100 100 100 100

T IO S I
NO A D
CO N
A

PY
DO U A
T
ED PR
C
©