Exercise – 1.

2
Page no. 1.14

1. Verify commutativity of addition of rational numbers for each of

the following pairs of rational numbers:
−𝟏𝟏 𝟒
(i) and
𝟓 𝟕

T IO S
Solution: By using the commutativity law, the addition of rational
𝑎 𝑐 𝑐 𝑎
numbers is commutative ∴ + = +

I
𝑏 𝑑 𝑑 𝑏
NO A D
CO N
In order to verify the above property, let us consider the given fraction
A
−11 4
and as

PY
DO U A
5 7
−11 4 4 −11
T
+ and +
ED PR

5 7 7 5

The denominators are 5 and 7

C

By taking LCM for 5 and 7 is 35

©

We rewrite the given fraction in order to get the same denominator

−11 (−11×7) −77
Now, = (5×7)
=
5 35
4 (4 ×5) 20
= (7 =
7 ×5) 35

Since the denominators are same we can add them directly

−77 20 (−77+20) −57
+ = =
35 35 35 35
4 −11
+
7 5

The denominators are 7 and 5

By taking LCM for 7 and 5 is 35
We rewrite the given fraction in order to get the same denominator
4 (4×5) 20
Now, = (7×5) =
7 35
−11 (−11×7) −77
= (5×7)
=
5 35

Since the denominators are same we can add them directly

20 −77 (20+(−77)) (20−77) −57
+ = = =
35 35 35 35 35

T IO S
−11 4 −11
∴ + = 4/7 + is satisfied.
5 7 5

I
NO A D
CO N
A
𝟒 𝟕
(ii) and
𝟗 −𝟏𝟐

PY
DO U A
Solution: Firstly, we need to convert the denominators to positive
T
numbers.
ED PR

7 (7×−1) −7
= (−12×−1) =
−12 12
C
©

By using the commutativity law, the addition of rational numbers is

commutative.
𝑎 𝑐 𝑐 𝑎
∴ + = +
𝑏 𝑑 𝑑 𝑏

In order to verify the above property, let us consider the given fraction
4 −7
and as
9 12
4 −7 −7 4
+ and +
9 12 12 9

The denominators are 9 and 12

By taking LCM for 9 and 12 is 36
We rewrite the given fraction in order to get the same denominator
 4 (4×4) 16
Now, = (9×4) =
9 36
−7 (−7×3) −21
= (12×3)
=
12 36

Since the denominators are same we can add them directly

16 (−21) (16+(−21)) (16−21) −5
+ = = =
36 36 36 36 36
−7 4
+
12 9

T IO S
The denominators are 12 and 9

I
NO A D
By taking LCM for 12 and 9 is 36

CO N
A
We rewrite the given fraction in order to get the same denominator

PY
DO U A
−7 (−7×3) −21
Now, = (12×3)
=
12 36
T
ED PR

4 (4×4) 16
= (9×4) =
9 36
C

Since the denominators are same we can add them directly

©

−21 16 (−21+16) −5
+ = =
36 36 36 36
4 −7 −7 4
∴ + = + is satisfied.
9 12 12 9

−𝟑 −𝟐
(iii) and
𝟓 −𝟏𝟓

Solution:
By using the commutativity law, the addition of rational numbers is
commutative.
𝑎 𝑐 𝑐 𝑎
∴ + = +
𝑏 𝑑 𝑑 𝑏

In order to verify the above property, let us consider the given fraction
−3 −2
and as
5 −15
−3 −2 −2 −3
+ and +
5 −15 −15 5
−2 2
=
−15 15

The denominators are 5 and 15

By taking LCM for 5 and 15 is 15
We rewrite the given fraction in order to get the same denominator

T IO S
−3 (−3×3) −9

I
Now, = =
NO A D
5 (5×3) 15

CO N
2 (2×1) 2
A
= (15×1) =
15 15

PY
DO U A
Since the denominators are same we can add them directly
T
ED PR

−9 2 (−9+ 2) −7
+ = =
15 15 15 15
−2 −3
+
C

−15 5
©

−2 2
=
−15 15

The denominators are 15 and 5

By taking LCM for 15 and 5 is 15
We rewrite the given fraction in order to get the same denominator
2 (2 ×1) 2
Now, = =
15 15 ×1 15
−3 (−3×3) −9
= (5×3)
=
5 15

Since the denominators are same we can add them directly

2 −9 (2 + (−9)) (2−9) −7
+ = = =
15 15 15 15 15
 −3 −2 −2 −3
∴ + = + is satisfied.
5 −15 −15 5

𝟐 𝟏𝟐
(iv) and
−𝟕 −𝟑𝟓

Solution: Firstly, we need to convert the denominators to positive

numbers.
2 (2×−1) −2
= (−7×−1) =
−7 7

T IO S
12 (12×−1) −12

I
= (−35×−1) =
−35 35
NO A D
CO N
By using the commutativity law, the addition of rational numbers is
A
commutative.

PY
DO U A
𝑎 𝑐 𝑐 𝑎
∴ + = +
𝑏 𝑑
T 𝑑 𝑏
ED PR

In order to verify the above property, let us consider the given fraction
−2 −12
and as
C

7 35
©

−2 −12 −12 −2
+ and +
7 35 35 7

The denominators are 7 and 35

By taking LCM for 7 and 35 is 35
We rewrite the given fraction in order to get the same denominator
−2 (−2×5) −10
Now, = (7×5)
=
7 35
−12 (−12×1) −12
= (35×1)
=
35 35

Since the denominators are same we can add them directly

−10 (−12) (−10+(−12)) (−10−12) −22
+ = = =
35 35 35 35 35
−12 −2
+
35 7

The denominators are 35 and 7

By taking LCM for 35 and 7 is 35
We rewrite the given fraction in order to get the same denominator
−12 (−12×1) −12
Now, = (35×1)
=
35 35
−2 (−2× 5) −10
= =

T IO S
7 (7×5) 35

I
Since the denominators are same we can add them directly
NO A D
CO N
−12 −10 (−12+(−10)) (−12−10) −22
A
+ = = =
35 35 35 35 35

PY
−2 −12 −12 −2
DO U A
∴ + = + is satisfied.
7 35 35 7
T
ED PR

−𝟑
(v) 4 and
C

𝟓
©

Solution: By using the commutativity law, the addition of rational

numbers is commutative.
𝑎 𝑐 𝑐 𝑎
∴ + = +
𝑏 𝑑 𝑑 𝑏

In order to verify the above property, let us consider the given fraction
4 −3
and as
1 5
4 −3 −3 4
+ and +
1 5 5 1

The denominators are 1 and 5

By taking LCM for 1 and 5 is 5
We rewrite the given fraction in order to get the same denominator
 4 (4× 5) 20
Now, = (1×5)
=
1 5
−3 (−3×1) −3
= (5×1)
=
5 5

Since the denominators are same we can add them directly

20 −3 (20+(−3)) (20−3) 17
+ = = =
5 5 5 5 5
−3 4
+
5 1

T IO S
The denominators are 5 and 1

I
NO A D
By taking LCM for 5 and 1 is 5

CO N
A
We rewrite the given fraction in order to get the same denominator

PY
DO U A
−3 (−3×1) −3
Now, = (5×1)
=
5 5
T
ED PR

4 (4×5) 20
= (1×5) =
1 5
C

Since the denominators are same we can add them directly

©

−3 20 (−3+ 20) 17
+ = =
5 5 5 5
4 −3 −3 4
∴ + = + is satisfied.
1 5 5 1

𝟒
(vi) -4 and
−𝟕

Solution: Firstly, we need to convert the denominators to positive

numbers.
4 (4×−1) −4
= (−7×−1) =
−7 7

By using the commutativity law, the addition of rational numbers is

commutative.
 𝑎 𝑐 𝑐 𝑎
∴ + = +
𝑏 𝑑 𝑑 𝑏

In order to verify the above property, let us consider the given fraction
−4 −4
and as
1 7
−4 −4 −4 −4
+ and +
1 7 7 1

The denominators are 1 and 7

By taking LCM for 1 and 7 is 7

T IO S
We rewrite the given fraction in order to get the same denominator

I
NO A D
−4 (−4×7) −28

CO N
Now, = =
A
1 (1×7) 7

PY
−4 (−4×1) −4
= =
DO U A
7 (7×1) 7
T
ED PR

Since the denominators are same we can add them directly

−28 −4 (−28+(−4)) (−28−4) −32
+ = = =
C

7 7 7 7 7
©

−4 −4
+
7 1

The denominators are 7 and 1

By taking LCM for 7 and 1 is 7
We rewrite the given fraction in order to get the same denominator
−4 (−4×1) −4
Now, = (7×1)
=
7 7
−4 (−4× 7) −28
= (1×7)
=
1 7

Since the denominators are same we can add them directly

−4 −28 (−4 + (−28)) (−4−28) −32
+ = = =
7 7 7 7 7
 −4 −4 −4 −4
∴ + = + is satisfied.
1 7 7 1

2. Verify associativity of addition of rational numbers i.e., (x + y) + z

= x + (y + z), when:
𝟏 𝟐 −𝟏
(i) x = , y = , z =
𝟐 𝟑 𝟓

Solution: As the property states (x + y) + z = x + (y + z)

T IO S
Use the values as such,

I
1
NO A D
2
( + ) + ( ) = + ( + ( ))
−1 1 2 −1

CO N
2 3 5 2 3 5
A
1 2 −1
Let us consider LHS ( + ) + ( )

PY
2 3 5
DO U A
T
Taking LCM for 2 and 3 is 6
ED PR

(1× 3) (2×2)
(2×3)
+ (3×2)
C

3 4
+
©

6 6

Since the denominators are same we can add them directly,

3 4 7
+ =
6 6 6
7 −1
+( )
6 5

Taking LCM for 6 and 5 is 30

(7×5) (−1×6)
(6×5)
+ (5×6)
35 (−6)
+
30 30

Since the denominators are same we can add them directly,

(35+(−6)) (35−6) 29
= =
30 30 30
1 2 −1
Let us consider RHS + ( + ( ))
2 3 5

Taking LCM for 3 and 5 is 15

2 −1 (2×5) (−1×3)
( + ( )) = (3×5) + (5×3)
3 5

10 (−3)
= +

T IO S
15 15

I
Since the denominators are same we can add them directly,
10 NO A D
(−3) (10−3) 7

CO N
+ = =
A
15 15 15 15
1 7

PY
+
DO U A
2 15
T
Taking LCM for 2 and 15 is 30
ED PR

1 7 (1×15) (7×2)
+ = (2×15) + (15×2)
2 15
C

15 14
©

= +
30 30

Since the denominators are same we can add them directly,

(15+14) 29
= =
30 30

∴ LHS = RHS associativity of addition of rational numbers is verified.

−𝟐 𝟒 −𝟕
(ii) 𝒙 = ,𝒚= ,𝒛=
𝟓 𝟑 𝟏𝟎

Solution: As the property states (x + y) + z = x + (y + z)

Use the values as such,
 −2 4 −7 −2 4 −7
( + )+( )= + ( + ( ))
5 3 10 5 3 10

−2 4 −7
Let us consider LHS ( + )+( )
5 3 10

Taking LCM for 5 and 3 is 15

(−2×3) (4×5)
(5×3)
+ (3×5)
−6 20
+
15 15

T IO S
Since the denominators are same we can add them directly,

I
−6
+ NO A D
20
=
(−6+20)
=
14

CO N
15 15 15 15
A
14 −7
+( )

PY
DO U A
15 10
T
Taking LCM for 15 and 10 is 30
ED PR

(14×2) (−7×3)
(15×2)
+ (10×3)
C

28 (−21)
+
©

30 30

Since the denominators are same we can add them directly,

(28+(−21)) (28−21) 7
= =
30 30 30
−2 4 −7
Let us consider RHS + ( + ( ))
5 3 10

Taking LCM for 3 and 10 is 30

4 −7 (4×10) (−7×3)
( + ( )) = (3×10) + (10×3)
3 10

40 (−21)
= +
30 30

Since the denominators are same we can add them directly,

40 (−21) (40−21) 19
+ = =
30 30 30 30
−2 19
+
5 30

Taking LCM for 5 and 30 is 30

−2 19 (−2×6) (19×1)
+ = (5×6)
+ (30×1)
5 30
−12 19
= +
30 30

T IO S
Since the denominators are same we can add them directly,

I
(−12+19) 7
NO A D
= =

CO N
30 30
A
∴ LHS = RHS associativity of addition of rational numbers is verified.

PY
DO U A
T
ED PR

−𝟕 𝟐 −𝟑
(iii) 𝒙 = ,𝒚= ,𝒛=
𝟏𝟏 −𝟓 𝟐𝟐

Solution: Firstly, convert the denominators to positive numbers

C
©

2 (2×−1) −2
= (−5×−1) =
−5 5

As the property states (x + y) + z = x + (y + z)

Use the values as such,
−7 −2 −3 −7 −2 −3
( + ) + ( )= +( + ( ))
11 5 22 11 5 22

−7 −2 −3
Let us consider LHS ( + ) + ( )
11 5 22

Taking LCM for 11 and 5 is 55

(−7×5) (−2×11)
(11×5)
+ (5×11)
−35 −22
+
55 55
Since the denominators are same we can add them directly,
−35 −22 (−35−22) −57
+ = =
55 55 55 55
−57 −3
+( )
55 22

Taking LCM for 55 and 22 is 110

(−57×2) (−3×5)
(55×2)
+ (22×5)

T IO S
−114 (−15)
+
110 110

I
NO A D
Since the denominators are same we can add them directly,

CO N
A
(−114+(−15)) (−114−15) −129
= =
110 110 110

PY
DO U A
−7 −2 −3
Let us consider RHS +( + ( ))
T
11 5 22
ED PR

Taking LCM for 5 and 22 is 110

C

−2 −3 (−2×22) (−3×5)
( + ( )) = + (22×5)
©

5 22 (5×22)

−44 (−15)
= +
110 110

Since the denominators are same we can add them directly,

−44 (−15) (−44−15) −59
+ = =
110 110 110 110
−7 −59
+
11 110

Taking LCM for 11 and 110 is 110

−7 −59 (−7×10) (−59×1)
+ = (11×10)
+ (110×1)
11 110
−70 −59
= +
110 110
Since the denominators are same we can add them directly,
(−70 −59) −129
= =
110 110

∴ LHS = RHS associativity of addition of rational numbers is verified.

𝟑 −𝟒
(iv) x = -2, y = , z =
𝟓 𝟑

Solution: As the property states (x + y) + z = x + (y + z)

T IO S
Use the values as such,

I
−2
NO A D
3 −4 −2 3 −4

CO N
( + )+( )= + ( + ( ))
A
1 5 3 1 5 3

−2 3 −4

PY
Let us consider LHS ( + )+( )
DO U A
1 5 3
T
Taking LCM for 1 and 5 is 5
ED PR

(−2×5) (3×1)
(1×5)
+ (5×1)
C

−10 3
©

+
5 5

Since the denominators are same we can add them directly,

−10 3 (−10+3) −7
+ = =
5 5 5 5
−7 −4
+( )
5 3

Taking LCM for 5 and 3 is 15

(−7×3) (−4×5)
(5×3)
+ (3×5)
−21 (−20)
+
15 15

Since the denominators are same we can add them directly,

(−21+(−20)) (−21−20) −41
= =
15 15 15
−2 3 −4
Let us consider RHS + ( + ( ))
1 5 3

Taking LCM for 5 and 3 is 15

3 −4 (3×3) (−4×5)
( + ( )) = (5×3) + (3×5)
5 3

9 (−20)
= +

T IO S
15 15

I
Since the denominators are same we can add them directly,
9 NO A D
(−20) (9−20) −11

CO N
+ = =
A
15 15 15 15
−2 −11

PY
+
DO U A
1 15
T
Taking LCM for 1 and 15 is 15
ED PR

−2 −11 (−2×15) (−11×1)

+ = (1×15)
+ (15×1)
1 15
C

30 −11
©

=− +
15 15

Since the denominators are same we can add them directly,

(−30−11) −41
= =
15 15

∴ LHS = RHS associativity of addition of rational numbers is verified.

3. Write the additive of each of the following rational numbers:

−𝟐
(i)
𝟏𝟕
𝟑
(ii)
−𝟏𝟏
 −𝟏𝟕
(iii)
𝟓
−𝟏𝟏
(iv)
−𝟐𝟓

Solution:
−2 2
(i) The additive inverse of is
17 17
3 3
(ii) The additive inverse of is
−11 11

T IO S
−17 17
(iii) The additive inverse of is
5 5

I
NO A D
(iv) The additive inverse of
−11
is
−11

CO N
−25 25
A

PY
DO U A
4. Write the negative(additive) inverse of each of the following:
T
ED PR

−𝟐
(i)
𝟓
𝟕
C

(ii)
−𝟗
©

−𝟏𝟔
(iii)
𝟏𝟑
−𝟓
(iv)
𝟏

(v) 0
(vi) 1
Solution:
−2 2
(i) The negative (additive) inverse of is
5 5
7 7
(ii) The negative (additive) inverse of is
−9 9
−16 16
(iii) The negative (additive) inverse of is
13 13
 −5
(iv) The negative (additive) inverse of is 5
1

(v) The negative (additive) inverse of 0 is 0

(vi) The negative (additive) inverse of 1 is -1
(vii) The negative (additive) inverse of -1 is 1

5. Using commutativity and associativity of addition of rational

T IO S
numbers, express each of the following as a rational number:

I
𝟐 𝟕 −𝟒 −𝟏
(i) + + +
𝟓
NO A D
𝟑 𝟓 𝟑

CO N
A
Solution: Firstly, group the rational numbers with same denominators

PY
2 −4 7 −1
+ + +
DO U A
5 5 3 3
T
Now the denominators which are same can be added directly.
ED PR

(2+(−4)) (7+(−1))
+
5 3
C
©

(2−4) (7−1)
+
5 3
−2 6
+
5 3

By taking LCM for 5 and 3 we get, 15

(−2×3) (6×5)
(5×3)
+ (3×5)
−6 30
+
15 15

Since the denominators are same can be added directly

(−6+30) 24
=
15 15

Further can be divided by 3 we get,

24 8
=
15 5

𝟑 −𝟒 −𝟏𝟏 𝟕
(ii) + + +
𝟕 𝟗 𝟕 𝟗

Solution: Firstly, group the rational numbers with same denominators

3 −11 −4 7
+ + +
7 7 9 9

Now the denominators which are same can be added directly.

T IO S I
(3+ (−11)) (−4+ 7)
+
7
NO A D 9

CO N
(3−11)
A (−4+7)
+
7 9

PY
DO U A
−8 3
+
T7 9
ED PR

−8 1
+
7 3
C

By taking LCM for 7 and 3 we get, 21

©

(−8×3) (1×7)
(7×3)
+ (3×7)
−24 7
+
21 21

Since the denominators are same can be added directly

(−24+7) −17
+
21 21

𝟐 𝟖 −𝟏𝟏 𝟒 −𝟐
(iii) + + + +
𝟓 𝟑 𝟏𝟓 𝟓 𝟑

Solution: Firstly, group the rational numbers with same denominators

2 4 8 −2 −11
+ + + +
5 5 3 3 15
Now the denominators which are same can be added directly.
(2 + 4) (8 + (−2)) −11
+ +
5 3 15
6 (8−2) −11
+ +
5 3 15
6 6 −11
+ +
5 3 15
6 2 −11
+ +
5 1 15

T IO S
By taking LCM for 5, 1 and 15 we get, 15

I
(6×3) (2×15) (−11×1)
NO A D
+ (1×15) +

CO N
(5×3) (15×1)
A
18 30 −11
+ +

PY
15 15 15
DO U A

Since the denominators are same can be added directly

T
ED PR

(18+30+ (−11)) (18+30−11) 37

= =
15 15 15
C
©

𝟒 −𝟖 −𝟏𝟑 𝟏𝟕
(iv) + 𝟎 + + +
𝟕 𝟗 𝟕 𝟐𝟏

Solution: Firstly, group the rational numbers with same denominators

4 −13 −8 17
+ + +
7 7 9 21

Now the denominators which are same can be added directly.

(4 + (−13)) −8 17
+ +
7 9 21
(4−13) −8 17
+ +
7 9 21
−9 −8 17
+ +
7 9 21

By taking LCM for 7, 9 and 21 we get, 63

(−9×9) (−8×7) (17×3)
(7×9)
+ (9×7)
+ (21×3)
−81 −56 51
+ +
63 63 63

Since the denominators are same can be added directly

(−81+(−56)+ 51) (−81−56+51) −86
= =
63 63 63

T IO S
6. Re-arrange suitably and find the sum in each of the following:

I
𝟏𝟏 −𝟏𝟕 𝟏𝟏 −𝟐𝟓
(i) + + +
𝟏𝟐
NO A D 𝟑 𝟐 𝟐

CO N
A
Solution: Firstly, group the rational numbers with same denominators

PY
11 −17 (11−25)
DO U A
+ +
12 3 2
T
ED PR

11 −17 −14
+ +
12 3 2

By taking LCM for 12, 3 and 2 we get, 12

C
©

(11×1) (−17×4) (−14×6)

(12×1)
+ (3×4)
+ (2×6)
11 −68 −84
+ +
12 12 12

Since the denominators are same can be added directly

(11−68−84) −141
=
12 12

−𝟔 −𝟓 −𝟒 −𝟏𝟓
(ii) + + +
𝟕 𝟔 𝟗 𝟕

Solution: Firstly, group the rational numbers with same denominators

−6 −15 −5 −4
+ + +
7 7 6 9
(−6 −15) −5 −4
+ +
7 6 9
−21 −5 −4
+ +
7 6 9
−3 −5 −4
+ +
1 6 9

By taking LCM for 1, 6 and 9 we get, 18

(−3×18) (−5×3) (−4×2)
(1×18)
+ (6×3)
+ (9×2)

T IO S
−54 −15 −8
+ +

I
18 18 18

NO A D
Since the denominators are same can be added directly

CO N
A
(−54−15−8) −77
=

PY
18 18
DO U A
T
ED PR

𝟑 𝟕 𝟗 −𝟏𝟑 −𝟕
(iii) + + + +
𝟓 𝟑 𝟓 𝟏𝟓 𝟑
C

Solution: Firstly, group the rational numbers with same denominators

©

3 9 7 −7 −13
+ + + +
5 5 3 3 15
(3+9) −13
+
5 15
12 −13
+
5 15

By taking LCM for 5 and 15 we get, 15

(12×3) (−13×1)
(5×3)
+ (15×1)
36 −13
+
15 15

Since the denominators are same can be added directly

(36−13) 23
=
15 15
 𝟒 −𝟓 −𝟖 𝟗
(iv) + + +
𝟏𝟑 𝟖 𝟏𝟑 𝟏𝟑

Solution: Firstly, group the rational numbers with same denominators

4 −8 9 −5
+ + +
13 13 13 8
(4−8+9) −5
+
13 8
5 −5

T IO S
+
13 8

I
By taking LCM for 13 and 8 we get, 104
NO A D
CO N
(5×8) (−5×13)
A
(13×8)
+ (8×13)

PY
DO U A
40 −65
+
104
T 104
ED PR

Since the denominators are same can be added directly

(40−65) −25
=
C

104 104
©

𝟐 −𝟒 𝟏 𝟐
(v) + + +
𝟑 𝟓 𝟑 𝟓

Solution: Firstly, group the rational numbers with same denominators

2 1 −4 2
+ + +
3 3 5 5
(2+1) (−4+2)
+
3 5
3 −2
+
3 5
1 −2
+
1 5

By taking LCM for 1 and 5 we get, 5

(1×5) (−2×1)
(1×5)
+ (5×1)
5 −2
+
5 5

Since the denominators are same can be added directly

(5−2) 3
=
5 5

T IO S
𝟏 𝟓 𝟐 𝟕 𝟗 −𝟓
(vi) + + + + +
𝟖 𝟏𝟐 𝟕 𝟏𝟐 𝟕 𝟏𝟔

I
NO A D
Solution: Firstly, group the rational numbers with same denominators

CO N
A
1 5 7 2 9 −5
+ + + + +
8 12 12 7 7 16

PY
DO U A
1 (5+7) (2+9) −5
+ + +
8 12
T 7 16
ED PR

1 12 11 −5
+ + +
8 12 7 16
1 1 11 −5
C

+ + +
8 1 7 16
©

By taking LCM for 8, 1, 7 and 16 we get, 112

(1×14) (1×112) (11×16) (−5×7)
(8×14)
+ (1×112) + (7×16)
+ (16×7)
14 112 176 −35
+ + +
112 112 112 112

Since the denominators are same can be added directly

(14+112+176−35) 267
=
112 112