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PERSONAL DEVELOPMENT
Quarter 1 – Module 1
Knowing and Understanding Oneself during
Middle and Late Adolescence

Source: (kgtohbu, 2015)

Personal Development – Grade 11

Quarter 1 – Module 1: Knowing and Understanding Oneself during Middle and
Late Adolescence

1
PERSONAL DEVELOPMENT – Grade 11
Quarter 1 – Module 1: Knowing and Understanding Oneself during
Middle and Late Adolescence

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The publisher and authors do not represent nor claim ownership over them.

Published by Department of Education

Regional Director: Gilbert T. Sadsad

Assistant Regional Director: Jessie L. Amin

Developmental Team of the Module

Writer: Rocelle D. San Jose

Editors: Loviemay C. Lorilla, HT1

Reviewers: Dario I. Cabanela, EPS / Darcy Guy Y. Maňebo, EPS

Illustrators: Rocelle D. San Jose / Loviemay C. Lorilla, HT1

Layout Artists: Rocelle D. San Jose / Loviemay C. Lorilla, HT1

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PERSONAL DEVELOPMENT – Grade 11
Quarter 1 – Module 1
Knowing and Understanding Oneself during Middle and Late Adolescence

I. INTRODUCTION

At times, you might find difficulty dealing with other people hence you do not
even know yourself, right? Basically, knowing oneself is important because this will
help an individual in making wise decisions. This module will surely help you to
know and to understand yourself better.

II. OBJECTIVES
At the end of this lesson, the learners will be able to

1. explain that knowing oneself will help a person accept his/her strengths and
limitations and deal with others better, EsP-PD11/12KO-Ia-1.1;
2. share his/her unique characteristics, habits, and experiences, EsP-
PD11/12KO-Ia-1.2
[

III. VOCABULARY
The list of terms below will help you understand the meaning of words
that you will encounter in the learning activities.
1. Self-concept – refers to how someone thinks about, evaluates or
perceives themselves (Mcleod, 2008)
2. Self-image – refers how individual see himself
3. Self-esteem (also known as self-worth) refers to the extent to which we
like, accept or approve of ourselves, or how much we value ourselves.
(Mcleod, 2008)
4. Ideal Self - what you'd like to be
5. Self-worth is an internal state of being that comes from self-
understanding, self-love, and self-acceptance. (Sicinski)
6. Actual self - the True Self
7. Early Adolescence - occurs between ages 10-14. Adolescents
experience the beginning stages of puberty, intellectual interests
expand and become more important.
8. Middle Adolescence - puberty is completed for males and females,
adolescents begin to set long-term goals and become interested in the
meaning of life and moral reasoning, experience numerous social and
emotional changes including increased self-involvement and an
increased drive for independence. (Unknown)
9. Late adolescence - adolescents gain the ability to think about ideas
rationally, delay gratification, plan for the future, and gain a firm
sense of identity. During this last phase of adolescent development,

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 young people also experience increased emotional stability and
independence. (Unknown)

IV. PRE-TEST
Direction: Encircle the letter of the correct answer. (Note: To
maximize the use of this learning module, please use a separate
notebook for this subject wherein you will write your answers in
all the tasks and activities.)

1. Who influences self-concept the most?

a. Your parent c. Your Self
b. Your friends d. Your Teacher
2. Who is most vulnerable to negative self-concept?
a. People who are confused
b. People facing prejudice
c. People who are lacking in self-esteem
d. Anyone
3. Which of the following refers to self-concept?
a. Awareness to oneself
b. Something that one’s feel about himself
c. Something that you want to be
d. Something that is impossible to control
4. Which of the following DOES NOT describe self-concept?
a. awareness you had of yourself in the past
b. perception of your own individual uniqueness
c. how you see yourself in the present moment
d. None of the above
5. What will happen if the actual self is not congruent with the ideal
self?
a. May cause distress and anxiety
b. It will not affect the person
c. Will develop self-confidence
d. None of the above

V. LEARNING ACTIVITIES

Direction: Read the following text closely.

Source: (Weidlich, 2013)

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 Have you ever asked yourself, “Who am I?” Does it come to the point of your life
that you hardly understand yourself? Yes, it happens to everyone especially at
the hardest point of one’s life. Yet, this can be avoided if from the start of your
middle adolescence you have developed your self-concept. You may think that you
are what you think, but people may perceive in a different way and this has some
effect in your life especially with regards to your social, emotional and spiritual
aspects of life development which will be discussed in the next module.

Figure 1: Source: (Abdelaziz, 2014)

What is self- concept?

Self-concept is an overarching idea we have about who we are—physically,
emotionally, socially, spiritually, and in terms of any other aspects that make up
who we are (Neill, 2005). We form and regulate our self-concept as we grow-up,
based on the knowledge we have about ourselves. It is multidimensional, and can
be broken down into these individual aspects, as shown in figure 1.

Self-concept is related to several other ―self‖ constructs, such as self-esteem,

self-image, self-efficacy, and self-awareness. (Courtney E. Ackerman M. , 2020)

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 As self-concept is related to
other self, can you tell the
difference?

Self-Concept vs. Self-Esteem

Self-concept is not self-esteem, although self-esteem may be a part of self-

concept. Self-concept is the perception that we have of ourselves, our answer when
we ask ourselves the question ―Who am I?‖

It is knowing about one’s own tendencies, thoughts, preferences and habits,

hobbies, skills, and areas of weakness. According to Carl Rogers, founder of client-
centered therapy, self-concept is an overarching construct that self-esteem is one of
the components of it (McLeod, 2008).

Self-Concept vs. Self-Image

Self-image is related to self-concept but is less broad. Self-image is how an

individual sees themselves, and it does not have to align with reality.

A person’s self-image is based on how they see themselves, while self-

concept is a more comprehensive evaluation of the self, largely based on how a
person sees themselves, values themselves, thinks about themselves, and feels
about themselves.

Carl Rogers posited that self-image is a component of self-concept, along

with self-esteem or self-worth and one’s ―ideal self‖ (McLeod, 2008).

Self-Concept vs. Self-Efficacy

Self-concept is a more complex construct than self-efficacy. While self-

efficacy refers to an individual’s judgments of their own abilities, self-concept is
more general and includes both cognitive (thoughts about) and affective (feelings
about) judgments about oneself (Bong & Clark, 1999).

Self-Concept vs. Self-Awareness

Self-awareness also influences self-concept. It is the quality or trait that

involves conscious awareness of one’s own thoughts, feelings, behaviors, and traits
(Cherry, 2018A). To have a fully developed self-concept (and one that is based in
reality), a person must have at least some level of self-awareness.

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 To understand self-concept in a simple perspective, let us discuss self-
image or actual self, ideal self and self-esteem. Every time you look at the
mirror, what do you see? Is it your actual self or ideal self? Definitely you are seeing
your self-image which comprises of different attributes. The physical traits which is
tangible and that you have nurtured, your intelligence, behavior, your emotion and
how you deal with other people. This is also your faith and beliefs. Generally this
includes the aspects of your personality that you manifested and how people are
seeing at you. Though, there will be a mismatched in how you look at yourself and
how people reacted on you. Self-image is actually influenced by experiences that
the reason why perceptions differs.

On the other hand ideal self is what a person wants to be. This is usually the
image we want to create. The ideal self could include components of what our
parents have taught us, what we admire in others, what our society promotes, and
what we think is in our best interest. Example, you look at your father as an idol
and you want to achieve the same success he has attained, your favorite celebrity
for being smart and acted the way that person used to be.

In order for the person to be an effective this two selves must be congruent.
The process is complex as it is influenced by several factors which include social
roles, religious, physical, intellectual and even economical. The two selves must
negotiate in order not to end up failure. If the ideal self is not aligned with the
actual self it must be adjusted and readjusted depended upon the situation.

Why it is necessary for the two selves be aligned? It is human nature to

acquire self-actualization which enhances his self-
confidence.
"The organism has
Like a flower that will grow to its full potential if the one basic tendency
conditions are right, but which is constrained by its and striving - to
environment, so people will flourish and reach their actualize, maintain,
potential if their environment is good enough. and enhance the
experiencing
However, unlike a flower, the potential of the
organism” (Rogers,
individual human is unique, and we are meant to develop in
1951, p. 487).
different ways according to our personality. Rogers believed
that people are inherently good and creative.

They become destructive only when a poor self-

concept or external constraints override the valuing process.
Carl Rogers believed that for a person to achieve self-actualization
they must be in a state of congruence.

This means that self-actualization occurs when a person’s ―ideal self‖ (i.e.,
who they would like to be) is congruent with their actual behavior (self-image).

Rogers describes an individual who is actualizing as a fully functioning

person. The main determinant of whether we will become self-actualized is
childhood experience.

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 Rogers believed that every person could achieve their goal. This means that
the person is in touch with the here and now, his or her subjective experiences and
feelings, continually growing and changing.

If the goals are not achieved definitely a person will experience distress and
anxiety. Thus, he/she will not function effectively.

PERSONAL EFFECTIVENESS
To become successful one has to use the resources at their disposal
effectively so as to achieve their goals in the shortest time possible and with
minimum waste. To get a better understanding of personal effectiveness and how it
can be achieved, let’s take a look at the top 10 traits exhibited by personally
effective people.

TRAITS OF
PERSONALLY
EFFECTIVE PEOPLE

Source: (Personal Effectiveness: 10 Traits, 2016)

Determination. Personally effective people are highly determined. This

means that despite trials and hindrances a person can still have focus on achieving
his specific goals. Example, despite of financial difficulty of the family, student who
wants to pursue his college study will work harder to achieve it. Nothing can make
someone to stop achieving his goal. This is associated with self-discipline.

Self-confidence. This is a result of self-awareness which means knowing s

abilities, capabilities and judgments that he can perform the task effectively. It is
believe that a person with self-confidence will experience happiness and success. It
is manifested in appearance, speech, gait, dressing and physical condition.

Optimism. This means thinking positively. Giving meaning to what had

happened positively or negatively. Example, for the failure you had committed it is
better to think that there is reason for it and lesson to learn from it. It is by
believing that the future can be better will you step up and take the responsibility
for making it so.

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 Managing stress. Stress is part of life as due to diversity in all aspects of
life. We are dealing with different people, culture, society and religion that cause
stress. The effect of stress can be devastated and makes someone less effective. In
order for someone to perform effectively he must have the skill in managing stress.

Persistence. This means focuses in specific goals. Keep moving forward in

spite of the obstacle along the way of achieving the goals. This also means being
consistent in the decision in order to successfully achieves the goals.

Problem – solving. We can all agree that no matter what you do, regardless
of how simple or complex, problems are likely to arise along the way. It increases
efficiency by adopting new ways of achieving goals when obtaining a new
experience.

Time management. Time management is a person’s ability to plan and

control how they spend their time to effectively accomplish their goals. Without
proper time management, achievement of goals would take too long and thus
negatively affect personal effectiveness.

Planning. They say not planning is planning to fail, and I think they’re right.
Planning should be done for every minute of time you have so as to avoid wastage.
Planning brings you calmness, enables you to achieve more, gives you time to rest
and will greatly increase your personal effectiveness.

Creativity. This is otherwise known as thinking outside the box. To be

effective you have to be different, think differently and let originality and curiosity
into your mind. These traits can be developed by putting yourself in an
environment that allows you to think creatively and allows you to come up with
new ideas, visions and solutions. Effectiveness and creativity go hand in hand.

Self-motivation. Effective people are able to find motivation within

themselves without relying on outside factors. If you can motivate yourself, then
executing goals will be much easier as motivation is what gives you the drive to
keep pushing. Understand what motivates you and use it to push yourself out of
your comfort zone.

Sources: (Ana LeMind, 2012) ; (Personal Effectiveness: 10 Traits, 2016)

GUIDE QUESTIONS:

1. What is the effect if the actual self will not coincide with ideal self?
___________________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________________
2. Give example/s that actual self is not aligned with ideal self.

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 ___________________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________________

3. List down ways how the two selves will meet half way and explain how it
works in your given example/s.

___________________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________________
_________________________________________________________

VI.
Practice Task 1

The Proust Questionnaire

T he Pr oust Questi onnai r e has i ts or i gi ns i n a par l or game

popul ar i zed (though not devi sed) by Mar cel Pr oust, the Fr ench
essayi st and novel i st, who bel i eved that, i n answer i ng these
questi ons, an i ndi vi dual r eveal s hi s or her tr ue natur e. Her e i s the
basi c Pr oust Questi onnai r e. Read and anal yze each questi on.

1. What is your idea of perfect happiness?

2. What is your greatest fear?
3. What is the trait you most deplore in yourself?
4. What is the trait you most deplore in others?
5. Which living person do you most admire?
6. What is your greatest extravagance?
7. What is your current state of mind?
8. What do you consider the most overrated virtue?
9. On what occasion do you lie?
10. What do you most dislike about your appearance?
11. Which living person do you most despise?
12. What is the quality you most like in a man?
13. What is the quality you most like in a woman?
14. Which words or phrases do you most overuse?
15. What or who is the greatest love of your life?
16. When and where were you happiest?
17. Which talent would you most like to have?
18. If you could change one thing about yourself, what would it be?
19. What do you consider your greatest achievement?
20. If you were to die and come back as a person or a thing, what
would it be?
21. Where would you most like to live?
22. What is your most treasured possession

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 23. What do you regard as the lowest depth of misery?
24. What is your favorite occupation?
25. What is your most marked characteristic?
26. What do you most value in your friends?

Source: (Bunting)

After doing the activity, answer the following

questions.

1. What did you perceive about yourself? Are you aware of this
beforehand?
____________________________________________________________________
____________________________________________________________________
____________________________________________________________________
2. Do you think that these are the same things people perceive at you?
____________________________________________________________________
____________________________________________________________________
____________________________________________________________________
3. Are your expectations about yourself and how people react on you are
congruent? Yes or No, how do you deal with it?
____________________________________________________________________
____________________________________________________________________
____________________________________________________________________

4. What will happen if you fail to make your ideal-self be your actual
self?
____________________________________________________________________
____________________________________________________________________
____________________________________________________________________
5. Give situation that you have experienced that your ideal self was
incongruent with your actual self. What did you do to negotiate with
that situation?
____________________________________________________________________
____________________________________________________________________
____________________________________________________________________

Practice task 2:

A. Write a regret letter.

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 Write a letter to your younger self. This is a surprisingly cathartic
exercise that is more than simply listing what you wish you’d known. Tell
your younger self about the regrets you’ve had in your life so far, and
apologize for any mistakes that you may have made and opportunities that
you let pass by. (This activity is adopted from (Unknown, Develop Good
Habits, A better LIfe, One habit at a Time, 2020)

Rubric for rating the letter of regret (recall parts of the personal letter)

Criteria 3 2 1
Timeliness Submitted on or 3 days beyond due 5 days beyond due
before due date date date
Effectiveness Followed complete Followed complete Letter is written in
letter parts of the parts of the incorrect format
personal letter and personal letter but and incomplete
written in the not written in the parts
correct format correct format
Quality Message stated is Message is clear Message is mostly
clear, precise, and and demonstrates clear.
shows insight into understanding of
task. task
Total

B. After writing a regret letter to self, do the reflection.

1. Describe what you have felt after writing yourself a regret letter.

___________________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________________

2. Knowing all those things that you have written in the letter, what did you
realize?
___________________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________________

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3. Do you think your experiences would help you and other people to be a
better person in the future?

___________________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________________

Practice Task 3 VARIETY SHOW

In this activity, you will conduct a variety show but with some
changes to apply because face to face interaction is not allowed at this point
of community situation.

Talent show is a fun, engaging way for participants to show off

something they are good at and to receive praise for their efforts. Talent
shows are often competitive and winners receive price but this talent show is
simply to practice performing, have fun, and encourage positive feedback.
Young people who receive regular praise and encouragement feel better
about them and are generally motivated to succeed.

Instructions for Talent / Variety Show:

1. Decide what talent to showcase, it can be singing, dancing, acting,

or any talent you find interesting and creative.

2. You will be given a minimum of 4 minutes and a maximum of 10

minutes to perform for the performing arts, and actual output for visual arts
and other talents/skill that you have interest.

3. For performing arts, you have to produce video and submit the
video.

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 4. I will select set of three (3) judges including me to evaluate your
performance.

5. Enjoy and refer to the following criteria.

 Originality-25%;
 Creativity/Resourcefulness- 25%;
 Coordination-25%;
 Audience Impact-25%.

PROCESSING ACTIVITY;

1. How did it feel to perform?

____________________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________

2. What went well?

____________________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________

3. What could have been better?

____________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________

4. What about the talent show, made you feel good? What did not
make you feel good? What would you do differently next time?

____________________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________

5. Would you perform again? Where and how?

____________________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________

VII. POST TEST

A. Multiple Choices. Encircle the letter of the best answer.

1. Which of the following defined as the view you have of yourself?
a. Self-worth c. Self-image
b. Ideal self d. Self-concept
2. Which of the following defines as the use of the resources at their
disposal effectively so as to achieve their goals in the shortest time
possible and with minimum waste?
a. Self-esteem c. Self-Concept

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 b. Personal Effectiveness d. Self-Image
3. Which of the following questions/statements DOES NOT gauge your
self-image
a. What do you like about yourself?
b. How I wish I could be like him/her.
c. I could be open to myself and others.
d. I can perform in crowd.
4. Which of the following is NOT true about self-concept?
a. Self-concept is less broad than self-image.
b. self-concept is comprehensive evaluation of the self,
c. self-image is a component of self-concept
d. none of the above
5. How is self-concept related to self-esteem?
a. It is answer when we ask ourselves the question ―Who am I?‖
b. Self-esteem is part of self-concept
c. They are not the same.
d. None of the above

B. True or False: Write TRUE if the statement is correct and FALSE if it is

incorrect. Write your answer on the space provided.
__________6. Incongruence in the self-image and ideal self may cause
failure.
__________7. Ideal-self is influenced by the previous experiences of a
person.
__________8. Determination is the result of self-awareness.
__________9. Self-motivation is what gives you the drive to keep pushing.
__________10. Person lacking with self-esteem is vulnerable to negative
self-concept.

VII. ADDITIONAL ACTIVITY

Keep a journal (Unknown, Develop Good Habits, A better LIfe, One habit at a
Time, 2020)

Keeping a journal creates a permanent record of your thoughts, feelings,

and events in your life. This will allow you to look back on important life events
and rediscover how you felt at the time. This can be a learning experience
because, as you grow and live through new trials and tribulations, the way that
you react to certain situations may change.

By reading about your past experiences, you can see how you have grown
or mature, and put things into perspective. It’s also nice to have a written
record of your past.

Instructions for keeping the journal:

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 A. Keep a journal for a month in your notebook.
B. Follow the guides in writing the journal

1. How do you find this day? What are the positive things that
happened? What are those things that made you irritated or
upset?
2. As you reflect on the ups and downs of your day, what may be the
greatest lesson you can learn from them? What actions have you
done well and what actions you can do better?
3. What do you really want in life? What do you want to achieve for
yourself, your family, your community, your country?
4. As you close the day, what are the small and big things you are
thankful of?
5. Who are the people that made your day extra special?

Processing:

Write your answers in the following questions in your personal journal.

1. What have you discovered in yourself?

2. What are your core strengths?

3. What are the qualities you want to hone and improve on?

Rubric for rating the journal

Criteria 3 2 1
Timeliness Submitted on or 3 days beyond due 5 days beyond due
before due date date date
Effectiveness Contained at least Contained at least Contained 5
10 entries within 1 6 entries within a entries and below
month month within 1 month
Quality Have followed the 5 Have followed 4 Have followed at
indicated guides indicated guides least 3 indicated
guides
Total

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IX . Answer Key:
A. Pre-test
1. A 2. D 3. A 4. D 5. A
B. Learning Activities
Guide Questions: Possible answer only. It may vary.
1. If ideal-self has conflict with actual self, definitely the person will
experience anxiety and distress thus performance will highly be affected.
He will have at this point low self-esteem.
2. You wanted to be a mechanical engineer because you have skills in doing
such craft related works yet your parent refused for financial constraint.
You will be pre-occupied of the fear that you won’t have self-actualization
of your dream.
3. Yet, despite of the conflict presented in question number 2, a person with
good decision making will not be carried away by the fear of failing to
achieve the dream but he must adjust with the situation. To be an
effective person, he must have blown away the negative situation and
have determination to achieve his life goal. It is not simply but with the
traits and skills discussed above he can find it challenging.
C. Practice Tasks: Possible answer only
Activity 1 : Answer in Proust Questionnaire may vary.
1. There was time that I usually asked myself who really am I. After
answering the activity, I have realized that at some point I have my
strong points as well as weak points. Sometimes, I overwhelmed with
the situation and achievements and I had experience without being
aware of my real me. my feeling toward something.
2. Some aspects may be the same and other may not because person
may usually learn to adjust in changing situations especially if it
causes harm/pain. In my case people may look at me as a strong
person, because of what they are seeing at me and how I dealt with
difficulties but deep inside they do not know that I am crying deep in
my heart.
3. Sometimes not congruent, but I do negotiate with it in order to avoid
distress and anxiety.
4. It may cause distress and anxiety which may also lead to failure.
5. Answers from the students may vary. No wrong answer.

Activity 2:

1. I have realized my true nature and my weakness. I feel relieved.

2. Aside from gaining a feeling of empowerment from accepting my
vulnerable younger self.
3. I can also help others who are in similar situations as I faced in the
past. My newfound wisdom can let readers know that they are not
alone in their struggles, and provide them with advice on how to move
forward.

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 Activity 3: Guide Questions - Variety Show

1. I felt ashamed at first, but when I started to perform and decided to

overcome this feeling I indeed did it successfully.
2. It is good that my teacher asked me to do what best interest, so it was
easy for me to show what I’ve love doing.
3. It could be better if I do this in crowd. This will help me overcome my
stage fright.
4. It felt good to show my talent and improve it through the feedback
that I could receive from the judges and audiences. Next time, I’ll do it
with enough preparation and with collaboration with other people for
technical support.
5. Next time, I will try to do acting in crowd.
D. Post-test :
1. C 2. B 3. B 4. A 5. B
6. True 7. False 8. False 9. True 10. True

REFERENCES:

A. DepEd Division of Camarines Norte DLP, PDG11S1W2D2

B. Documents from Websites

(n.d.).

(n.d.). Retrieved from The self improvement Handbook.

Personal Effectiveness: 10 Traits. (2016, 02 16). Retrieved 06 20, 2020, from cdl Insight Consulting:
https://www.cdlinsight.co.nz/personal-effectiveness-10-traits/

Abdelaziz, A. (2014, October 21). Self-concept and Self-esteem. Retrieved 06 22, 2020, from In
Slideshare: https://www.slideshare.net/g3dotm2/self-concept-and-self-esteem-40556674

Ana LeMind, B. (2012, 07 24). 7 Basic Personal Effectiveness Skills. Retrieved 06 21, 2020, from
https://www.learning-mind.com/7-basic-personal-effectiveness-skills/

Bunting, J. (n.d.). 35 Questions To Ask Your Characters From MArcel Proust. Retrieved 06 20, 2020,
from The Write Practice: https://thewritepractice.com/proust-questionnaire/

Courtney E. Ackerman, M. (2020, April 15). Positive Psychology. Retrieved from

https://positivepsychology.com/self-concept/

Courtney E. Ackerman, M. (2020, 04 14). What is Self-Concept Theory? A Psychologist Explains.

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concept/#:~:text=Self-
concept%20is%20related%20to%20several%20other%20%E2%80%9Cself%E2%80%9D%20co

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 nstructs%2C,following%20section%2C%20we%20will%20explain%20these%20slight%E2%80
%94yet%20important%E2%80%94differences.

Gene2Genius. (n.d.). Retrieved from http://gene2geius.com/holistic-development/

Handel, S. (2009, November 11). Retrieved from https://www.theemotionmachine.com/ six aspects-

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background-concept.html

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sana-all-wish/ar-BBZ44mh

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https://www.simplypsychology.org/self-concept.html

McLeod, S. (2014). Simply Psychology. Retrieved from https://www.simplypsychology.org/carl-

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