General Biology 1

Quarter 3 – Module 1:
Cells: The Building Blocks of Life
General Biology 1 – Grade 11
Alternative Delivery Mode
Quarter 3 – Module 1: Cells: The Building Blocks of Life
First Edition, 2020

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 General Biology 1
Quarter 3 – Module 1:
Cells: The Building Blocks of Life
Introductory Message
This Self-Learning Module (SLM) is prepared so that you, our dear learners,
can continue your studies and learn while at home. Activities, questions, directions,
exercises, and discussions are carefully stated for you to understand each lesson.

Each SLM is composed of different parts. Each part shall guide you step-by-
step as you discover and understand the lesson prepared for you.

Pre-tests are provided to measure your prior knowledge on lessons in each

SLM. This will tell you if you need to proceed on completing this module or if you
need to ask your facilitator or your teacher’s assistance for better understanding of
the lesson. At the end of each module, you need to answer the post-test to self-check
your learning. Answer keys are provided for each activity and test. We trust that you
will be honest in using these.

In addition to the material in the main text, Notes to the Teacher are also
provided to our facilitators and parents for strategies and reminders on how they can
best help you on your home-based learning.

Please use this module with care. Do not put unnecessary marks on any part
of this SLM. Use a separate sheet of paper in answering the exercises and tests. And
read the instructions carefully before performing each task.

If you have any questions in using this SLM or any difficulty in answering the
tasks in this module, do not hesitate to consult your teacher or facilitator.

Thank you.

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 What I Need to Know

This module is designed for you to learn about the exciting world of cytology,
specifically the miniature world of living organisms. You will dwell and study about
the wonders of cell and its role in your body as well as its parts that help to carry out
its functions. You will also explore the major classifications of cells and contrast them
based on their cell structures. In this module, you will also have to reflect on how
cells carry out functions required by life.

At the end of this module, you are expected to:

1. explain the postulates of the cell theory (STEM_BIO11/12 – Ia – c - 1);

2. describe the structure and function of major and subcellular organelles
(STEM_BIO11/12 – Ia – c – 2).
3. distinguish prokaryotic and eukaryotic cells according to their distinguishing
features (STEM_BIO11/12 – Ia – c 3).

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 What I Know

Column A contains the breakthrough discoveries in the study of cells while Column
B and C consist the names of scientists behind these and the years they made the
findings. Match Column A with Columns B and C by placing the right letters on the
first two lines before each number in Column A. Each letter option for the first line
will be coming from Column B while the letter of your answer to be placed in second
line will come from Column C.

Column A Column B Column C

__ __1. nucleus A. Rudolph Virchow M. 1835

__ __2. cell discovery in a thin
slice of cork B. Hermann Fol N. 1839
__ __3. all animals are
C. Antoine van
composed of cells O. 1838
Leeuwenhoek
__ __4. steps involved in cell
division D. Walther Flemming P. 1862
__ __5. thick, jelly – like
protoplasm E. Robert Hooke Q. 1882
__ __6. first single – lens
microscope F. Louis Pasteur R. 1879
__ __7. all plants are
G. Ernst Ruska S. 1858
composed of cells
__ __8. union of egg and H. Matthias Schleiden
sperm cells T. 1674
__ __9. first electron I. Jan Evangelista
microscope Purkinje U. 1665
__ __10. all living cells come
preexisting living cells J. Theodore Schwann V. 1931
__ __11. microorganisms can
K. Robert Brown W. 1836
cause contagious
diseases L. Felix Dujardin
__ __12. internal, jelly – like X. 1831
substance “sarcode”

Now, you have seen the major discoveries and breakthroughs that scientists have
made over the last 300 years. To trace the beginnings of the discovery of the cell and
the development of the cell theory, you have to construct your own “Cell History
Timeline”. Below is a brief discussion for you to understand what a timeline is and
the things to be considered in creating a timeline.

What is a timeline?

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Timeline presents events during specific intervals shown chronologically along a line.
These events may be historic and shows the important milestones in a project.
Timelines do not go into detail, but links to events and information may be added as
needed. A timeline consists of a horizontal bar or line representing time processing
from left to right. This bar is marked with events or steps to indicate when they
should or did happen.

Tips for Creating a Timeline

What does your timeline depict? Every timeline should have a title identifying the
project or historic events it illustrates. Place a fitting title at the top of the page.

Make the timeline. Decide what segment of time you want to illustrate. Make a
horizontal line or bar in the center of the page. Place the start and end dates at each
end of the line going from left to right.

Determine the scale of the timeline. Based upon the total duration of the time
depicted, divide the timeline into equal reasonable sections using small vertical line
segments or dashes and label each accordingly. For example, if the timeline covers a
year you may want to divide it into months, a day might be divided into hours, and
a century into decades.

Missing time. If there is a period of time with no activity, you can skip a segment in
the timeline or add a zigzag line to denote a time gap.

Add events. Place small circles or points along the line wherever an event takes place
or a task must be completed. Then attach a vertical line and extend it from the dot
up or down, depending on how crowded the page is, and write the event in a box at
the end of the line. If the timeline is very crowded, you can try using angled arrows
or lines with varying lengths instead. An overcrowded timeline may also indicate that
the scale of the timeline is too small.

Add visuals (optional). Use pictures to further illustrate an event or task on the
timeline this can add clarity and increase the visual appeal of your timeline.

Since you have already had enough background about what a timeline is and the
guidelines in creating timeline diagrams, you can now start creating your “Cell
History Timeline” (with a title). To guide you in creating your own timeline, the
example found on the next page which shows the development of Climate Science is
provided for you. Your product will be assessed based on the following criteria:
quality of content, quantity of facts, accuracy of content, sequence of events,
sentence fluency, and mechanics. The actual rubric to be used in assessing your
product will be found on page 20.

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 Image source: Skeptical Science
File name: Milestones in Climate Science: 1800s to 1950s (Trump edition).png

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 Lesson

1 Cell: The Building Blocks of Life

The invention of the microscope led to many advances in

the study of science. By the 1830s many biologists were
using the microscope as their chief investigation tool. Their
discoveries and breakthroughs were especially important in
building one of the key theories in Biology.

Matthias Schleiden was a

German botanist. He found that
the plant parts he examined were
made of cells. Schleiden made the generalization that all
plants are made of cells. Theodore Schwann, a German
zoologist, made a microscopic investigations of animal
parts that led him to generalize that all animals are made
of cells.

During the 1850s most people, including many scientists,

thought that new living things could spontaneously arise
from nonliving matter. A German biologist, Rudolph
Virchow, disputed the idea of spontaneous generation.
Virchow reasoned that all living cells come from preexisting
living cells

What’s In

Let us first have a short recap of the early discoveries and breakthroughs on cells so
you can better understand the principles that make up the cell theory.

Using the pictures found on the next page, enumerate the three major principles of
the cell theory. You need to interpret each picture and so, you can state the ideas
that make up the cell theory.

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 Notes to the Teacher
This module aims to familiarize the students about the
principles/postulates of the cell theory. Point out the role of
Schleiden, Schwann, and Virchow in making the said theory.

What’s New

The invention of the microscope in the sixteenth century

has extended the range of human eyesight. Through the
advent of microscopy, humans can now see details that
were previously unknown. The structures have been
magnified fifty or one hundred times. Through the years,
new techniques for studying cells and organisms have
become available. With these developments, scientists
discover more about the basic building blocks of life – the
cells. To understand the parts of the cell, the activity found
on the next page is provided for you.

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Label the structures in the diagram of animal and plant cells.

Image source: MATH Worksheets 4 Image source: MATH Worksheets 4 Kids

Kids File name: Name the Parts of a Plant Cell
File name: Label the Parts of an | Plant and animal cells, Cells worksheet,
Animal Cell.png Animal cells worksheet.png

What is It

What is a cell?

Look at the photos below, what do you observe?

You might have been reading a couple of times in this module that cells are the
building blocks of life. Despite their small size, cells are by no means simple
structures! Cells function like miniature factories, constructing new molecules from
raw materials. At any moment, cells may be taking in nutrients, making new
molecules, sorting, secreting, and storing chemicals, and breaking down foreign
materials. Organelles are the cell structures that perform these specific functions.
In many ways, organelles are like machines in a factory, each with a specific role.

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What are organelles?

Organelles are the cell structures that perform these

specific functions. In many ways organelles are like
machines in a factory, each with a specific role. The cell
has three fundamental parts: the cytoplasm where the
main metabolic life activities take place, the cell
membrane which surrounds the cytoplasm, and the
nucleus where the genetic material is stored.

To further understand the cell as a dynamic miniature

factory, compare the given cell structures to the parts
of a big city.

• Arch – Cell Membrane and Cell Wall
• Dump site – Lysosome and
Peroxisome
• Vehicles – Vacuole
• Factories – Ribosomes
• Municipal hall - Nucleus
• Road and channel – Endoplasmic
Reticulum
• Power line – Mitochondria and
Chloroplast
• Land – Cytoplasm

Image source: Britannica Image source: Britannica

File name: Cell | Definition, Types, File name: Plant Cell | Definition,
& Functions.jpeg Characteristics, & Facts.jpeg

Since you have a little background on cell structures, given on the next page is a
table to provide a framework for other information and reinforce the theme that
structure is correlated with function, cell organelles have grouped into four
categories by general function.

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 Cell Structures and Functions
Manufacturing
Nucleus DNA synthesis; RNA synthesis; assembly of ribosomes
Ribosomes Protein synthesis
Rough ER Synthesis of membrane lipids and proteins, secretory
proteins, and hydrolytic enzymes; formation of transport
vesicles
Smooth ER Lipid synthesis; detoxification in liver cells
Golgi apparatus Modification and transport of macromolecules; formation of
lysosomes and transport vesicles
Breakdown
Lysosomes Digestion of ingested food, bacteria, and a cell’s damaged
organelles and macromolecules for recycling
Vacuoles Digestion; storage of chemicals; cell enlargement; water
balance
Peroxisomes Diverse metabolic processes, with breakdown of H2O2 by –
product
Energy Processing
Mitochondria Conversion of chemical energy of food to chemical energy of
ATP
Chloroplasts Conversion of light energy to chemical energy of sugars
Structural Support, Movement, and Communication
Cytoplasm Jelly – like substance that holds the cell organelles in place;
site of many chemical reactions
Cytoskeleton Structural support; movement; road for transportation
Centrioles Helpers in cell division
Cell membrane Separates cell from outside; controls what enters and leaves
the cell; recognizes signals from other cells
Cell wall Nonliving permeable wall that surrounds the cell membrane;
encloses and supports the cell

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What cellular components are shared by bacterial, animal, and plant cells?

Image source: Khan Academy

File name: Prokaryotic cells (article)
Image source: Wikimedia Commons
| Cells.png
File name: File:OSC Microbio 03 04
eukcell.jpg

Since you have already understood the different organelles found in a cell, please
bear in mind that not all cells are alike. Cells are of many types, each with distinctive
characteristic properties. Bacterial, plant, and animal cells may be similar in many
of their features but due to complexity in structures and physiological reasons, some
organelles are found in animal cells but are not found in plant and bacterial cells.
Below is an activity that you need to do to understand the similarities of and
differences between bacterial, plant, and animal cells.
Complete the table below to classify cell structures/organelles and cell types to which
they are found.

A Comparison of Cells
Cell structure Bacterial cell Animal cell Plant cell
Cell wall
Vacuole
Plasma membrane
Ribosome
Chromosome
Centriole
Mitochondrion
Cytoplasm
Chloroplast
Lysosome
Golgi apparatus
Plasmid
Capsule
Nucleus
Vesicle
Endoplasmic reticulum
Nucleoid

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What cellular components are shared by prokaryotic and eukaryotic cells?

As you have seen the similarities and differences between bacterial, animal, and
plant cells, it only shows that animal and plant cells are more complex than bacterial
cells. Due to structural complexity, many biologists thought that cells can fall under
different classifications for physiological reasons. A lot of investigations were made
until they conclude that two structurally different cells have existed. Bacteria and
archaea consist of prokaryotic cells, whereas all other forms of life are composed of
eukaryotic cells.

A prokaryotic cell contains nuclear materials not enclosed by a nuclear membrane

(doesn’t have a true nucleus). Eukaryotic cells contain nuclear materials enclosed
by a nuclear membrane (true nucleus)

What’s More

The table shows data for three different cells. Figure out whether each cell is
prokaryotic or eukaryotic. If the cell is eukaryotic, is it from an animal or a plant?
Write the reasons for the decisions you made about each cell

Cell structures Cell A Cell B Cell C

Cell wall Yes Yes No
Cell membrane Yes Yes Yes
Ribosome Yes Yes Yes
Chloroplast Yes No No
Mitochondria Yes No Yes
Chromosome Yes Yes Yes
Nucleus Yes No Yes

What I Have Learned

Now it’s your turn! Read the paragraph on Cell Analogy and answer the exercises
below.

In a faraway city called Light City, the main export and production product is
the steel widget. Everyone in the city has something to do with the steel widget –
making and the entire town is designed to build and export widgets. The city hall has
the instruction for widget making. Widgets come in all shapes and sizes and any
citizen of Light City can get the instructions and begin their own widgets. Widgets
are generally produced in small stores around the city. These small stores can be
built by the construction engineer’s union (whose headquarters are in city hall). After

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widgets are constructed, they are placed on special carts which can deliver the
widgets anywhere in the city. In order for a widget to be exported, the carts take the
widget to the postal office, where the widgets are packaged and labeled for export.
Sometimes widgets don’t turn out right, and the rejects are turned to the scrap yard
where they are broken down for parts or destroyed altogether. The city powers the
widget shops and carts from hydraulic dam. The entire city is enclosed by a large
wooden fence. Only the postal trucks and citizens with proper documents are allowed
inside the city.

Match the underlined parts of the city with the parts of the cell.

__________1. Nucleus
__________2. Mitochondrion
__________3. Cell
__________4. Ribosomes
__________5. Protein
__________6. Golgi apparatus
__________7. Nucleolus
__________8. Lysosomes
__________9. Cell membrane
__________10. Vesicles

What I Can Do

Doctors at a university removed a man’s spleen, standard treatment for a type of

leukemia, and the disease did not recur. Researchers kept the spleen cells alive in a
nutrient medium. They found that some cells produced a blood protein that showed
promise as a treatment for cancer and AIDS. The researchers patented the cells. The
patient sued, claiming a share in profits from any products derived from his cells.
The Legislative Committee ruled against the patient, stating that his suit “threatens
to destroy the economic incentive to conduct important medical research.” The
Supreme Court of the Philippines agreed.

In your point of view as a senior high school STEM. student, do you think the patient
was treated fairly? Is there anything else you would like to know about this case that
might help you decide? Explain your answer using the concepts that you have
learned from this module.

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 Assessment

Let’s see how well you have enjoyed the amazing world of cells by answering the
following questions. Read carefully each item. Choose the letter of the accurate
answer and write it on the line before the number.

_____1. Which of the following statements IS NOT part of the cell theory?
a. Cells are the smallest living things.
b. All organisms are composed of one or more cells.
c. Cells come from other cells by cell division.
d. Eukaryotic cells have evolved from prokaryotic cells

_____2. What is the common feature of cells of many bacteria, plants, and fungi,
which is not found in animal cells?
a. Mitochondrion c. Ribosome
b. Plasma membrane d. Cell wall

_____3. Who has the greatest significance to the development of the third tenet
(statement) of cell theory?
a. Matthias Schleiden c. Antoine Van Leeuwenhoek
b. Rudolph Virchow d. Theodore Schwann

_____4. You wake up in the morning and find two petri dishes and an old CRT
monitor on your desk. The monitor flickers on and a man in a mask speaks
to you:

“I want to play a game. You see before you two different samples. The blue petri dish
is from a prokaryote and the red petri dish from a eukaryote. If you want to get to
your Biology exam on time, you must tell me what structures are found in each of
these samples.”

Using the structures numbered below, tell this inconvenient prankster what he can
find in each petri dish.

1. Nucleus 4. Rough ER
2. DNA 5. Ribosomes
3. Plasma membrane

a. Blue petri dish: 2, 3, 4, 5 Red petri dish: 1, 2, 3, 4

b. Blue petri dish: 2, 3, 4, 5 Red petri dish: 1, 2, 4, 5
c. Blue petri dish: 2, 3, 5 Red petri dish: 1, 2, 3, 4, 5
d. Blue petri dish: 2, 3, 4 Red petri dish: 1, 2, 3, 4, 5

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_____5. Peroxisomes got their name because hydrogen peroxide is _____.
a. used in their detoxification reactions
b. produced during their oxidation reactions
c. incorporated in their membranes
d. a cofactor for the organelle’s enzymes

_____6. Which of the following clues would tell you whether a cell is prokaryotic or
eukaryotic?
a.

a. The presence or absence of a rigid cell wall

b. The presence or absence of nuclear membrane
c. The presence or absence of ribosomes
d. Whether or not the cell contains DNA

_____7. A type of cell called lymphocyte makes proteins that are exported from the
cell. Which of the following is the path of protein from the site where it is
made to its export?
a. Chloroplast … Golgi apparatus … Lysosome … Plasma membrane
b. Smooth ER … Golgi apparatus … Lysosome … Plasma membrane
c. Rough ER … Smooth ER … Golgi apparatus … Plasma membrane
d. Nucleus … Rough ER … Golgi apparatus … Plasma membrane

_____8. A plant and an animal are both living things. According to the cell theory,
what can you conclude about these two very different organisms?
a. Plants have cells but animals do not.
b. They both come from the same kind of cell.
c. There are both made of one or more cells.
d. They both come from a non-living organism.

_____9. Which cell has the greatest number of mitochondria?

a. pancreatic cell that secretes digestive enzymes
b. ovarian cell that produces steroid hormone estrogen
c. white blood cell that engulfs bacteria
d. muscle cell in thigh of long – distance runner

_____10. Which structure contains a prokaryotic cell’s genetic material?

a. DNA c. Nucleoid
b. Nuclear envelope d. Ribosome

_____11. What do chloroplasts and mitochondria have in common?

a. Both are present in bacterial cells.
b. Both organelles function to store pigments.
c. Both organelles function to produce glucose.
d. Both are present in all eukaryotic cells.

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_____12. Which of the following structures IS NOT directly involved in cell support or
movement?
a. Cytoskeleton c. Microtubule
b. Lysosome d. Cell wall

For items 13 to 15, refer to the following information given below:

You made slides of cells from your three favorite organs in the human body: The
cardiac muscle, because it is continuously creating and using energy to pump blood
throughout your body; the pancreas, because it makes insulin as well as other
enzymes which are types of proteins; and lymph node, because it packs macrophages
and white blood cells which have large amount of hydrolytic enzymes used to kill
pathogens. In your haste to show your friends the specimen slides you made, you
forgot to label your specimen slides properly. How can you tell which cell is which,
using a microscope?

_____13. You would know which slide has the heart muscle cells because _____.
a. it would have an abundance of mitochondria
b. it would have an abundance of central vacuoles
c. it would have an abundance of rough ER
d. it would have an abundance of smooth ER

_____14. You would know which slide has the lymph node cells because _____.
a. it would have an abundance of vacuoles
b. it would have an abundance of centrioles
c. it would have an abundance of ribosomes
d. it would have an abundance of lysosomes

_____15. You would know which slide has the pancreas cells because _____.
a. it would have an abundance of centrioles
b. it would have an abundance of vacuoles
c. it would have an abundance of mitochondria
d. it would have an abundance of rough ER

17
 Additional Activities

I know! You can’t get enough of the incomparable scientific adventure in the world
of cell. Don’t worry, you won’t miss out with the following additional exciting mind
and hand activity!

Imagine a future where, if you needed to

replace tissues or organs, doctors will
simply grow those tissues or organs in the
laboratory and transplant them into your
body. Imagine a future where currently
irreversible and hard – to – treat diseases
like cancer, Parkinson’s, Alzheimer’s,
arthritis, spinal cord injury, and diabetes
can be managed or even reversed by easily
and widely available replacement cells and
tissues. As morbid as this may sound, you
won’t even have to wait around for someone
else to die before an organ can be
transplanted into your body.

Image source: Dreamstime This is the promise held out by stem cell or
File name: Scientist Keeps Stock embryonic stem (ES) cell research, a highly
Illustrations – 26 Scientist Keeps controversial field in regenerative medicine.
Stock Illustrations, Vectors & If – and this is the big IF – stem cell research
Clipart.jpeg delivers on this promise, a wide range of
medical treatments can be developed to
cure debilitating diseases. There is practically no realm of modern medicine that will
not be touched and transformed by stem cell research.

Stem cells are called the body’s building blocks because they can develop into
different cell types in the body, that is, they can be “coaxed” into becoming a muscle
cell, a red blood cell, a brain cell, and in fact, practically into any cell or tissue in the
human body. In this sense, stem cells are like the body’s repair center, because they
can divide without limit to replenish other cells for as long as the person or animal
is alive.

There are three types of stem cells: Totipotent, multipotent, and pluripotent.
Totipotent stem cells can develop into all the different types of cells in the body. A
fertilized egg is considered totipotent, which basically means that its potential is
total. Multipotent stem cells can become a small number of different cell types
while pluripotent stem cells can give rise to any type of cell in the body except those
needed to develop a fetus.

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So far so good, right? We now know that we have a renewable source of replacement
cells that can be fashioned to become any other cell in the body. But behind these
good benefits, the controversy is swirling around stem cell research that is indicative
of how emotional people can get about this area of study. The seed of the controversy
lies in the fact that the embryo is destroyed in the process of harvesting the stem
cells. Therefore, scientists involved in stem cell research found themselves entangled
in the abortion issue. Also, there are concerns that stem cell lines can be developed
from cloned embryos, thus raising the specter of human cloning.

For your task: For all the contentiousness surrounding this issue, it cannot be denied
that embryonic stem cell research is a very intriguing field and is a testament to
man’s ability to push the boundaries of science. Make an editorial cartoon (with a
title) showing your own perspective for embryonic stem cells that will answer to the
following questions: What do you think are the most serious ethical issues that must
be dealt with before embryonic stem cell therapy is used on a large scale? Your
product will be assessed based on the following criteria: organization and content
accuracy, appropriateness of elements, creativity, and appearance. The actual rubric
to be used in assessing your product will be found on page 21.

19
 Rubric for Timeline Making

Criteria Exceeds (8) Good (6) Fair (4) Poor (2)

Quality of Included events Most of the Some events Many major events
Content are important included events included are are excluded and
(_____/8) and interesting. are important trivial and too many trivial
No more details and interesting. major events events are
are excluded. 1 or 2 major are missing. included.
events may be
missing.
Quantity of Facts The timeline The timeline The timeline The timeline
(_____/8) contains at contains at contains at contains fewer
least 8 – 10 least 6 – 7 least 5 events than 5 events.
events related events related related to the
to the topic to the topic topic being
being studied. being studied. studied.
Accuracy of Facts are Facts are Facts are Facts are often
Content accurate for all accurate for accurate for inaccurate for
(_____/8) events reported almost all most (-75%) of events reported on
on the timeline. events reported the events the timeline.
on the timeline. reported on the
timeline.
Sequence of Events are Almost all Most (-75%) of Most events are
Events placed in events are the events are incorrectly placed
(_____/8) proper order. placed in placed in on the timeline.
proper order. proper order.
Sentence Fluency Events are Events are Events are not Events are
(_____/8) clearly described well, described well described using
described using but language is and language is vague language or
accurate and sometimes often vague and inaccurate
vivid language. vague or inaccurate. information.
inaccurate.
Mechanics Punctuation, Punctuation, Punctuation, There are many
(_____/8) spelling, and spelling, and spelling, and punctuation,
capitalization capitalization capitalization spelling, and
were checked were checked are mostly capitalization
and are correct and are mostly correct but errors.
throughout. correct. were not
checked.
Total: _____ + 2 =
_____/50

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 Rubric for Editorial Cartooning

Criteria Exceeds (12) Good (9) Fair (6) Poor (3)

Organization and All ideas are Most of the Most of the The ideas are not
Content easily ideas are ideas are not detailed, they look
Accuracy distinguishable distinguishable distinguishable like uniformed
(_____/12) and accurately and accurately and more and/or misshapen
detailed. detailed. details are making them
needed in order indistinguishable.
for them to
identify.
Appropriateness Appropriate Appropriate Appropriate Inappropriate
of Elements materials were materials were materials were materials were
(_____/12) selected and selected and selected selected and
creatively there was an contributed to the
modified in attempt at product that
ways that made creative performed poorly.
them better. modification to
make them
better.
Creativity The product is The product is The product is The product lacks
(_____/12) very creative creative. Lots of somewhat creativity and
and eye colors, shapes, creative. Not looks messy.
catching. Great and appealing very appealing. Lacks colors,
use of colors, design are Limited use of shapes, and
texture, and used. creative appealing design
shapes. materials.
Limited used of
colors, shapes,
and appealing
design.
Appearance Great care Construction Construction is Construction
(_____/12) taken in was careful and accurate, but 3 appears careless.
construction accurate for the – 4 details Many details need
process so that most part but 1 could have refinement for a
the structure is – 2 details been refined for strong or attractive
neat, attractive, could have a more product.
and accurate. been refined for accurate
a more product.
attractive
product.
Total: _____ + 2 =
_____/50

21
 22
What I Have
What’s More:
Learned:
Students’ answer
1. City hall
2. Hydraulic dam may vary.
3. Light City
4. Small stores
5. Widget
6. Postal office
7. Construction
engineer’s
union
8. Scrap yard
9. Fence
What is It: What’s New: What’s In: What I Know:
What is a cell? Students’ answer Box 1: Cells are the 1. K, X
Students’ answers may may vary basic units of 2. E, U
vary. structure and 3. J, N
function in 4. D, Q
What are organelles?
organisms. 5. I, W
Students’ answers may
vary 6. C, T
Box 2: All living things
7. H, O
are composed of
What cellular 8. B, R
components are shared one or more cells.
9. G, V
by bacterial, animal, 10. A, S
Box 3: All living cells
and plant cells? The
arise from pre- 11. F, P
12. L, M
Answer Key
 23
What Is It:
A Comparison of Cells
Cell structure Bacterial cell Animal cell Plant cell
Cell wall / x /
Vacuole x / /
Plasma membrane / / /
Ribosome / / /
Chromosome / / /
Centriole x / x
Mitochondrion x / /
Cytoplasm / / /
Chloroplast x x /
Lysosome x / /
Golgi apparatus x / /
Plasmid / x x
Capsule / x x
Nucleus x / /
Vesicle x / /
Endoplasmic reticulum x / /
Nucleoid / x x
Additional Activities: Assessment: What I Can Do:
Students’ answers 1. D Students’ answers
may vary. 2. D may vary.
3. B
4. C
5. B
6. B
7. C
8. C
9. D
10. C
11. D
12. B
13. A
14. D
15. D
References
Belardo, Gisselle Millete M., et al. (2016). General Biology 1. Quezon City, Philippines:
Vibal Group, Inc. Pp. 50 – 73.

Calsado, Chuckie Fer, et al. (2016). Teaching Guide for Senior High School: General
Biology 1. Quezon City, Philippines: Commission on Higher Education.
Pp. 9 – 27.

Campbell, Neil A., et al. (2009). Biology: Concepts and Connections. Sixth Edition.
Jurong, Singapore: Pearson Education Asia Pte Ltd. Pp. 51 – 70.

Capco, Carmelita M., et al. (2000). Biology. Second Edition. Quezon City, Philippines:
Phoenix Publishing House, Inc. Pp. 53 – 66.

Hadsall, Annalee S., et al. (2008). Exploring Science and Technology: Biology. Makati
City, Philippines: DIWA Scholastic Press, Inc. Pp. 117 – 135.

Salandanan, Gloria G., Ph. D., et al. (2016). Earth and Life Sciences: For Senior High
School. Quezon City, Philippines: LORIMAR Publishing, Inc. Pp. 92 – 98.

Strauss, Eric, et al. (2003). Biology: The Web of Life. Second Edition. Jurong,
Singapore: Pearson Education Asia Pte Ltd. Pp. 58 – 70.

Dreamstime. Scientist Keeps Stock Illustrations – 26 Scientist Keeps Stock

Illustrations, Vectors & Clipart.jpeg. Image/jpeg. December 26, 2020.
https://thumbs.dreamstime.com/z/scientist-keeps-test-tubes-circle-
illustration-format-eps-35807756.jpg

Encyclopedia Britannica, Inc. Cell | Definition, Types, & Functions/Britannica.jpeg.

Image/jpeg. July 11, 2020. https://cdn.britannica.com/03/114903-
050-502CFE8D/Cutaway-drawing-cell.jpg

Encyclopedia Britannica, Inc. Plant cell | Definition, Characteristics, & Facts |

Britannica.jpeg. Image/jpeg. July 03, 2020.
https://cdn.britannica.com/04/114904-050-4F81BD47/Cutaway-
drawing-plant-cell-organelles-wall.jpg

Khan Academy. Prokaryotic cells (article) | Cells.png. Image/png. June 24, 2020.
https://cdn.kastatic.org/ka-perseus-
images/95cd645b33b4a8883218ce52a0bfb5ade93f8d52.png

MATH Worksheets 4 Kids. Label the Parts of an Animal Cell.png. Image/png. October
28,2017.
https://www.mathworksheets4kids.com/science/cells/color/animal-
cell-word-bank-preview.png

MATH Worksheets 4 Kids. Name the Parts of a Plant Cell | Plant and animal cells,
Cells worksheet, Animal cells worksheet.png. Image/png. October 28,

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 2017.
https://www.mathworksheets4kids.com/originals/12/60/47/126047c
c7ce2549c8f6b375b0f7126a7.png

Skeptical Science. Milestones in Climate Science: 1800s to 1950s (Trump edition).jpeg.

Image/jpeg. November 6, 2012.
https://skepticalscience.com/graphics.php?g=286

Wikimedia Commons. File:OSC Microbio 03 04 eukcell.jpg. Image/jpg. Image/jpeg.

November 11, 2016.
https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9e/OSC_
Microbio_03_04_eukcell.jpg/740px-OSC_Microbio_03_04_eukcell.jpg

25
For inquiries or feedback, please write or call:

Department of Education – Region III,

Schools Division of Bataan - Curriculum Implementation Division
Learning Resources Management and Development Section (LRMDS)

Provincial Capitol Compound, Balanga City, Bataan

Telefax: (047) 237-2102

Email Address: bataan@deped.gov.ph

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