Irregular Verbs: An Alphabetical Reference List

n o t e: Verbs followed by a bullet (•) are defined at the end of the list on the inside back cover.

Simple Simple Past Simple Simple Past

Form Past Participle Form Past Participle

arise arose arisen fly flew flown

aw ake awoke awoken forbid forbade forbidden
be was, were been forecast* forecast forecast
b ear bore borne/born forget forgot forgotten
beat beat beaten/beat forgive forgave forgiven
becom e becam e become forsake* forsook forsaken
begin began begun freeze froze frozen
bend bent bent get got gotten/got*
b et* bet bet give gave given
bid* bid bid go went gone
bind* bound bound grind* ground ground
bite bit bitten grow grew grown
bleed bled bled h a n g ** hung hung
blow blew blown have had had
break broke broken hear heard heard
b reed* bred bred hide hid hidden
bring brought brought hit hit hit
broadcast* broadcast broadcast hold held held
build built built hurt hurt hurt
burn burned/burnt burned/burnt keep kept kept
burst* burst burst kneel kneeled/knelt kneeled/knelt
buy bought bought know knew known
cast* cast cast lay laid laid
catch caught caught lead led led
choose chose chosen lean leaned/leant leaned/leant
cling* clung clung leap leaped/leapt leaped/leapt
com e cam e come learn learned/learnt learned/learnt
cost cost cost leave left left
cre e p * crept crept lend lent lent
cut cut cut let let let
d e a l* dealt dealt lie lay lain
dig dug dug light lighted/lit lighted/lit
do did done lose lost lost
draw drew drawn make made made
dream dream ed/dream t dream ed/dream t mean m eant m eant
drink drank drunk m eet met met
drive drove driven mislay mislaid mislaid
eat ate eaten mistake mistook mistaken
fall fell fallen pay paid paid
feed fed fed prove proved proven/proved
feel felt felt put put put
fight fought fought q u it*** quit quit
find found found read read read
fit fit/fitted fit/fitted rid rid rid
fle e * fled fled ride rode ridden
fling* flung flung ring rang rung

*In British English: g e t -g o t -g o t . In Am erican English: g e t -g o t -g o tt e n / g o t .

** H a n g is a regular verb when it means to kill someone with a rope around his/her neck.
C o m p a r e : I h u n g my c lo t h es in t h e closet. Th e y h a n g e d t h e m u r d e r e r b y t h e n e c k un til h e was d e ad.

***A lso possible in British English: q u i t - q u i tt e d- q u i tt e d.

( continu ed on the inside b a c k cover)