Warm-Up Compound and Complex Sentences

? Lesson
Question

Lesson Goals

Practice using a variety of sentence in your writing.

Distinguish between Punctuate compound

independent and the and complex

parts of compound
clauses. and complex correctly.
sentences.

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Warm-Up Compound and Complex Sentences

W
2K Words to Know
Fill in this table as you work through the lesson. You may also use the glossary to
help you.

vary to cause things to be from one another

a that is part of a sentence and

clause
contains both a subject and a

a sentence that includes an clause and at

complex
sentence
least dependent clause

a sentence that includes or more independent

compound
sentence

dependent
clause a clause that does express a complete thought

independent
a clause that expresses a thought
clause

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Instruction Compound and Complex Sentences
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2 Clauses

A clause is a group of words with a and a .

Clauses Not clauses

• Grandma ran. • ran a marathon

• The tree knocked down some • knocked down some electrical wires
electrical wires during the storm. • during the storm
• when the alarm clock buzzes • the alarm clock

4 Comparing Independent and Dependent Clauses

A clause can be categorized as an independent clause or a dependent clause.

Independent Dependent
clauses clauses
• Express
• Do
express complete
thoughts • Have a thoughts
subject and
• Can
•
a verb
stand alone as
as sentences sentences

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Instruction Compound and Complex Sentences
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4 Independent and Dependent Clauses

Differentiate between independent and dependent by checking to

see whether the clause expresses a complete thought.

Independent clauses Dependent clauses

• I was late • even though I was late

• we had a good time • because we had a good time
• we will meet again tomorrow • when we meet again tomorrow

6 Compound Sentences

A compound sentence is a sentence that has independent clauses that

are related and equally important. They are joined by a coordinating conjunction.

Independent clause + Conjunction + Independent clause

It is raining, but I have an umbrella.

There are two ways to join together two independent clauses to make a compound
sentence:

• Join two independent clauses by using a plus a

coordinating : for, and, not, but, or, yet, or so.

• Another way to join independent clauses is to use a .

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Instruction Compound and Complex Sentences
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9 Complex Sentences

A complex sentence is a sentence that an

clause and one or more clauses.

Dependent clause + Independent clause

Because there is a meeting, the librarian will not be here.

Independent clause + Dependent clause

The librarian will be out until he returns this afternoon.

Subordinating Conjunctions

Subordinating conjunctions make clauses .

after because no matter how than when

although before now that that whenever
as even if once though where
as if even though provided that till wherever
as soon as if since unless whether
as though in that so that until while

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Instruction Compound and Complex Sentences
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11 Examples of Complex Sentences

Underline the dependent clauses in the complex sentences.

Complex sentences Not complex sentences

• While Kai is taller than Elena, she
is two years older.
• The man who purchased the
tickets to Paris canceled his trip.
• Ricardo went to a camp where he
learned a lot, even though it lasted
only a week.
• Elena could not hear the TV while
sitting in the kitchen.
• His trip to Paris, the capital of France,
was rescheduled.
• Ricardo went to camp up in the
mountains for a week.

13 Punctuating Complex Sentences

Use a in a complex sentence only if the dependent clause comes first.

No punctuation is needed when the If the clause comes

independent clause comes . first, separate the clauses with a comma.
• Take dinner out of the oven when • When you get home, take dinner out

you get home. of the oven.

• Sam will buy a sandwich if he • If Sam forgets his lunch, he will buy a

forgets his lunch. sandwich.

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Instruction Compound and Complex Sentences
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15 Types of Dependent Clauses

Dependent clauses can operate as different parts of speech.

Adverbial Adjectival Nominal

• Until the bus comes, • The kids who live next • No one could hear
we will wait here. door walk to school what the bus driver
with me. said.
• Describes a
• Describes a •
a noun
• Answers when,
where, why, or • Answers which • Answers who or

how one(s) or what what

kind

17 A Nominal Clause Acting as a Subject

When using a nominal clause as the of a sentence, be careful not

to separate the subject and predicate with a comma.

clause ahead of
clause as subject:
main clause:

• Whoever used the chairs forgot to • When you are finished, please put the
put them away. chairs back where you found them.

• use a comma • Use a here.

here.

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Instruction Compound and Complex Sentences
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19 Restrictive and Nonrestrictive Clauses

A clause can be restrictive or nonrestrictive.

Restrictive clauses: Nonrestrictive clauses:

• provide • provide information that

information that tells “which” or is not essential to understanding the

“what kind.” sentence.

• are not separated from the • are separated from the rest of the

sentence by commas. sentence by .

Example: The person who started our Example: Jimmy Garcia, who started our

stamp club graduated this year. stamp club, graduated this year.

Signaling Restrictive and Nonrestrictive Clauses

When deciding whether to use that or which in a dependent clause, remember:

• signals a restrictive clause.

• Which signals a clause.

That Which

• The book that I need for my • The book, which I need for my
homework is on the table. homework, is on the table.
• I like the cat that has black spots. • I like the cat, which has black spots.

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Instruction Compound and Complex Sentences
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21 Compound-Complex Sentences

A compound-complex sentence combines independent clauses and one

dependent clauses.

• When it’s time to go, Karen will get the bags, and Asher will lock the door.

• The surprise party that we planned for Mary will be at my house, but you
can bring some extra plates.

• Why Makiko didn’t come to the party is a mystery, but she planned to be
there.

25 Adding Variety to Sentences

your sentences to make your writing sound more interesting.

Fill in the graphic organizer.

Sentence variety

Rhythm

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Instruction Compound and Complex Sentences
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27 Improving Sentence Variety
Louis joined an online book club. He
wanted to read more books. Jen told
him about it. They are reading the
same book now. Louis likes the book
a lot. Jen doesn’t like the book as
much. The plot is too obvious. She’s
going to keep reading the book.
In the revised version, we have a lot of
the lengths and the rhythm.
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Louis joined an online book club. Jen told
him about it because he said he wanted
to read more books. They are reading
the same book now, and Louis likes it a
lot. Jen doesn’t like the book as much
because the plot is too obvious, but she’s
going to keep reading it.
in the sentence types and
10
Summary Compound and Complex Sentences

? Lesson How can you use a variety of sentence types to add interest to your
Question writing?

Answer

Slide

2 Review: Key Concepts

How can you use a variety of sentence types to add interest to your writing?

Sentence types Sentence variety

• Combine independent clauses to • Add variety to your writing by:

make sentences. • using many different sentence

.
• Combine an independent clause
• using sentences of different
with one or more dependent
.
clauses to make

sentences. • varying the

• Combine two independent clauses of dependent clauses.

with one or more dependent • Follow the rules for
clauses to make compound-
different types of sentences.
complex sentences.

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Summary Compound and Complex Sentences

Use this space to write any questions or thoughts about this lesson.

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