Past perfect with

adverbial clauses
of time: Review
and expand
 Sentences

• Sentences are made up of clauses—sometimes • The following are all complete in

one clause, sometimes more than one.
• The most important unit of structure is the
sentence. Most of the other grammatical units
are parts that go together to form a sentence.
• However, that leaves us with the question
‘What is a sentence?’ and there has been some
dispute about the definition. The traditional
view of the sentence seems as good a jumping-
off point as any—a unit of language that can
stand alone and make sense.
themselves, make sense and are,
therefore, all sentences:
• We ran.
• The boy kicked the ball.
• They played hard and they won.
• Look over there!
Sentences
• sentence a group of words that typically expresses a
statement, command, question or exclamation. A sentence
consists of one or more clauses, and usually has at least
one subject and verb. In writing, it begins with a capital
letter and ends with a full stop, question mark or
exclamation mark,
• sentence A sentence can be a statement, question, imperative or exclamation; • 15. It
consists of one or more clauses. A written sentence begins with a capital letter and
ends with a full stop (.) or question mark (?) or exclamation mark (!).
• a set of words that is complete in itself, typically containing a subject and
predicate, conveying a statement, question, exclamation, or command, and
consisting of a main clause and sometimes one or more subordinate clauses.
Sentences
• sentence a group of words that typically expresses a
statement, command, question or exclamation. A sentence
consists of one or more clauses, and usually has at least one
subject and verb. In writing, it begins with a capital letter
and ends with a full stop, question mark or exclamation
mark,
• sentence A sentence can be a statement, question, imperative or exclamation; • 15. It
consists of one or more clauses. A written sentence begins with a capital letter and
ends with a full stop (.) or question mark (?) or exclamation mark (!).
• a set of words that is complete in itself, typically containing a subject and
predicate, conveying a statement, question, exclamation, or command, and
consisting of a main clause and sometimes one or more subordinate clauses.

• https://www.englishclub.com/grammar/sentence/what-is-
a-sentence.htm
 Independent or main clauses
• LANGUAGE NOTE Independent or main clauses
contain a subject and a verb, and they can
stand alone as a sentence. If a sentence has a
dependent clause, the dependent clause can
be removed and the independent clause is still
a sentence. Dependent clauses also contain a
subject and a verb; however, they also contain
words that make them dependent, in this case,
time expressions. They cannot stand alone as a
sentence. If the main clause is removed, the
dependent clause is not a sentence by itself.
• clause a stretch of language which
contains a subject and a finite verb.
Sentences consist of one or more
clauses. Examples: Alex couldn’t come
today. I'll be glad when Harry gets back.
The word clause is also sometimes
used for some structures containing
participles or infinitives. Example: N ot
know ing w hat to do, I telephoned
Robin. See also co-ordinate clause,
main clause, subordinate clause.
MAINCLAU • A clause (see 1, 2), like a
major sentence, is a
• Main clause A clause that
SE meaningful group of words
containing a subject (see 2)
and predicate (see 2).
However, unlike sentences,
not all clauses can stand
alone and make sense.
can stand alone and make
sense is known as a main
clause. Every major
sentence must have at
least one main clause (see
2). (See Types of
sentence). In each of the
following sentences the
underlined words form a
main clause:
Main clauses • He was at the office when I
arrived. I knew why he left.
We took the train because
the car broke down.
• I was very angry and he knew it.
• Some sentences consist of more
than one main clause connected by
a coordinating conjunction (see 1)
such as and, but or or. Such
sentences are known as compound
sentences. The following sentences
consist of two main clauses (see 1):
You can either apologize or you can
leave immediately. It was a sunny
day but it was very cold. The
following sentences consist of more
than two main clauses: She was
intelligent and she was very
efficient but she had no luck in
finding a job. We can get a flight
today or we can get one next week,
but we cannot get one at the
weekend.